2024年4月11日发(作者：oppo reno2z手机参数)

40 文苑·

小说

Pursuit as Happiness

(Excerpt)

以逐为乐

（节选）

文/欧内斯特·海明威 译、导读/河之洲

By Ernest Hemingway

【导读】读这篇故事，我们有一种似曾相识的感觉，即想到了作者

海明威的代表作《老人与海》。两个作品写的都是钓鱼经历，前者是写实，

后者是虚构。一战后的1928—1931年间，海明威在美国佛罗里达州和

古巴度过了一段安详的岁月，狩猎、捕鱼和写作成了他的生活日常，本

篇故事就是写这个时候的事。《老人与海》虽然写成于1950年，但其中

诸多描述却源自海明威在古巴期间的生活经历。对比两篇作品不难发现，

写的都是钓大鱼的经历，但后者做了更多的情节延伸和艺术升华。本篇

中是三个人合作并使用先进的钓具进行海钓，《老人与海》中则是老人孤

身一人划着小船、使用简陋的钓具出远海钓到一条更大的鱼。此外，《老

人与海》中还添加了古巴当地的风情、海上各种生物的活动、与鲨鱼搏

斗的不易、棒球文化、老人对青年时代的回忆等情节描述。所以通过这

种艺术加工，《老人与海》相较于这个短篇的故事而言，情节更丰富、描

写更细腻、思想更高远、旨趣更浓烈。但如此种种，如果海明威本人没

有相关经历，他很难写得这么真实。一言以蔽之，艺术源于生活，高于

生活。我想，读者和笔者一样，通过比较阅读，一定能更深刻地理解虚

构与现实，或艺术与生活的关系。

e did not see him again for an

hour and twenty minutes. The

current was very strong and it had car-

ried us down to opposite Cojímar

1

,

which was about six miles from where

the fish first sounded

2

. I was tired but

W

我

们有一小时二十分没再

看见它。水流湍急，将

我们带到远离科希马尔的方

向，这里距离鱼初次潜入水底

的地方约六英里。我累了，但

手脚还都好使。我正在不断地

1海明威生活过的古巴小渔村，距离哈瓦那约30分钟车程。 2 sound鲸鱼等向深海

潜入。

2023·02 英语世界

文苑·

小说

41

my hands and feet were in good shape

3

and I was getting line on him now quite

steadily being careful never to pull

harshly or to jerk. I could move him

now. It wasn’t easy. But it was possible

if you kept the line just this side of the

breaking point.

2

“He’s going to come up,” Carlos

said. “Sometimes the great ones do that

and you can gaff

4

them while they are

still innocent

5

.”

“Why does he come up now?” I

asked.

“He’s puzzled,” Carlos said. “And

you’re leading him. He doesn’t know

what it is about.”

“Don’t ever let him find out,” I said.

3

“He’ll weigh over nine hundred

dressed out

6

,” Carlos said.

“Keep your mouth off of him,” Mr.

Josie said. “You don’t want to work

7

him any different, Cap?”

“No.”

4

When we saw him we knew how

really big he was. You couldn’t say it

was frightening. But it was awesome.

We saw him slow and quiet and almost

unmoving in the water with his great

pectoral fins

8

like two long purple

scythe

9

blades. Then he saw the boat

and the line started to race off the reel

10

as though we were hooked to a motor-

收紧钓线, 小心翼翼，避免突

拉猛拽。我这会儿能拉动它

了，虽不够轻松，但还是可能

办到，只需确保钓线不至于扯

断就行。

2

“它就要游上来了。”卡洛

斯说，“大家伙有时就这样，

趁它们还懵懵懂懂，就能用挽

钩把它们拉上来。”

“它为何要这会儿游上来

呢？”我问道。

“它是闹不清，”卡洛斯说，

“而且你正用线牵着它，它不

知道是咋回事儿。”

“别让它回过神儿来。”我

说。

3

“这条鱼能出九百多磅

肉。”卡洛斯说。

“别张口鱼闭口鱼的了。”

乔西说，“你不想换种遛法吗，

船长？”

“不想。”

4

看见鱼的时候，我们才真

的知道它有多大；虽不能说大

得吓人，但确实大得让人吃惊。

我们看见它慢悠悠地安静游

着，在水中几乎一动不动，巨

大的胸鳍像两柄长长的紫色大

镰刀。接着它发现了船，钓线

开始从线轴上飞速扯出，我们

3 in good shape〈习语〉健康状况良好。 4 gaff用挽钩钩鱼。 5 innocent天真无邪，

对不好的事无察觉。 6 dress out对（鱼等）开膛处理（用作食物）。 7 work逐渐移

动位置。 8 pectoral fin胸鳍。 9 scythe长柄大镰刀。 10 reel线轴。

英语世界 2023·02

42 文苑·

小说

car, and he started jumping out to the

northwest with the water pouring from

him at each jump.

11

5

I had to go into the bow

again and

we chased him until he sounded. This

time he went down almost opposite the

Morro

12

. Then I worked my way back to

the stern

13

again.

“Do you want a drink, Cap?” Mr.

Josie asked.

“No,” I said. “Get Carlos to put some

oil in the reel and not spill it and put

some more salt water on me.”

6

“Can’t I get you anything really,

Cap?”

“Two hands and a new back

14

,” I

said. “The son of a bitch is as fresh as

he was at the start.”

7

The next time we saw him was an

hour and a half later, well past Cojímar,

and he jumped and ran again and I had

to go into the bow while we chased

him.

8

When I got back to the stern and

could sit down again, Mr. Josie said,

“How is he, Cap?”

“He’s just the same as always. But

the temper is starting to go out of the

rod

15

.”

9

The rod was bent like a full-drawn

bow. But now, when I lifted, it did not

就像钩住了一辆汽车一样。它

开始沿着西北方向跃出水面，

每跳一次都掀起水浪。

5

我不得不再次走到船头的

位置。我们追着它跑，直到它

钻到水下。它这次几乎是逆着

莫罗城堡的方向下潜逃跑的。

之后我慢慢挪步回到船尾。

“要喝一杯吗，船长？”

乔西问。

“不用。”我说，“让卡洛

斯给钓线轴上点儿油，不要搞

洒了。再在我身上淋点儿海水。”

6

“真不能帮你做点儿啥吗，

船长？”

“给一双手，再让我的背

完好如新。”我说，“这个狗娘

养的，精神头儿还像刚开始那

么好。”

7

我们再次见到它是一个半

小时之后，船已远离科希马尔。

它跳出水面，再次飞奔起来，

紧紧追赶中我也只好移步到船

头的位置。

8

我回到船尾，能再次坐下

来的时候，乔西说：“什么情况，

船长？”

“从始至终它一直没啥变

化，但是钓竿就快要没弹性了。”

11 bow船头，艏。 12莫罗城堡，过去由西班牙修建的军事要塞，在古巴哈瓦那港

入口处，是古巴著名的文化遗存。 13 stern船尾，艉。 14 new back字面意思是“新

的脊背”，因为长时间弯腰拉线钓鱼导致背部酸痛，灵活翻译成“再让我的背完好

如新”。 15 rod鱼竿。

2023·02 英语世界

straighten as it should.

said. “You can stick with him forever,

“She’s still got some left,” Mr. Josie

Cap. You want some more water on

your head?”

the rod. His weight has just taken the

“Not yet,” I said. “I’m worried about

temper out.”

10

in steadily and well and he was making

An hour later the fish was coming

big slow circles.

to come in easy now. The jumping has

“He’s tired,” Carlos said. “He’s going

filled up his air

deep.”

sacs

16

and he can’t go

straighten at all now.”

“The rod’s gone,” I said. “She won’t

11

touched the surface of the water and

It was true. The rod’s tip now

when you lifted to raise the fish and to

reel to take up line the rod did not react.

It was not a rod anymore. It was like a

projection of the line. It was still pos-

sible to gain a few inches of line each

time you lifted. But that was all.

12

and as he moved on the outgoing half

The fish was moving in slow circles

of the circle he took line off the reel. On

the incoming circle you gained it back.

But with the temper gone out of the rod

you could not punish him and you had

no command over him at all.

We called each other Cap

“It’s bad, Cap,” I said to Mr. Josie.

interchange-

16 sac（鱼的）气囊，鳔。

文苑·

小说

43

9

钓竿弯得像一张拉满的

弓，我现在提起来的时候，本

该变直的竿并未回直。

“还是有点儿弹劲儿的。”

乔西说，“你可以跟鱼一直摽

着，船长。还要给你头上淋点

儿水吗？”

“先别了。”我说，“我不

放心钓竿，鱼太重已经把竿掰

得没弹劲儿了。”

10

一个小时后，鱼一点一点

地顺利靠近，它正兜着大圈儿，

游得很慢。

“它累啦。”卡洛斯说，“它

会很容易地贴过来。跳的时候

它鳔里面灌满了空气，就没法

钻到深水里啦。”

“钓竿完蛋了，”我说，“现

在一点儿也直不起来了。”

11

是真的，竿头现在垂到水

面上，提竿拉鱼和卷钓线的时

候，竿毫无反应。现在它不是

一根钓竿了，而像是突出来的

一截钓线；虽然每次提竿还能拉

起几英寸长的线，但仅此而已。

12

鱼正一圈圈地慢慢游着，

游出去的时候它从线轴上拉出

钓线，游进来的时候我再把线

拉回来。因为钓竿没了弹劲儿，

我就没法让它难受，也就一点

儿控制不了它。

“这糟透了，船长。”我

英语世界 2023·02

44 文苑·

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ably

17

. “If he decided to go down now

to die

18

we’d never get him up.”

13

“Carlos says he’s coming up. He

says he caught so much air jumping

he can’t go deep and die. He says that

this is the way the big ones always act

at the end when they’ve jumped a lot.

I counted him jumping thirty-six times

and maybe I missed some.”

This was one of the longest speeches

I had ever heard Mr. Josie make and I

was impressed. Just then the big fish

started down and down and down. I was

braking with both hands on the drum

19

of the reel and keeping the line almost

at breaking point and feeling the metal

of the reel drum revolve in slow jerks

under my fingers.

14

“How’s the time?” I asked Mr.

Josie.

“You’ve been with him three hours

and fifty minutes.”

“I thought you said he couldn’t go

down and die,” I said to Carlos.

15

“Hemingway, he has to come up. I

know he has to come up.”

“Tell him so,” I said.

“Get him some water, Carlos,” Mr.

Josie said. “Don’t talk, Cap.”

16

The ice water felt good and I spat

it out onto my wrists and told Carlos to

pour the rest of the glass on the back

of my neck. Sweat salted the places on

对乔西说——我们互称对方船

长，“如果它现在要下潜并就

此消失不见的话，我们再也没

法把它弄上来。”

13

“卡洛斯说它要上来的，

说它跳的时候吸进去那么多空

气，就沉不下去、没法溜掉

了。他说大鱼跳多了，到最后

都是这个下场。我数过它跳了

三十六次，可能还漏数了。”

这是我听过乔西说的最长

的话之一，给我留下了深刻的

印象。就在这时，大鱼开始不

停地下潜，下潜，再下潜。我

用双手刹住卷线鼓轮，弄得钓

线都快要绷断了。我手指紧紧

摁住鼓轮的金属把手，感觉到

它在一扽一扽地缓慢转动着。

14

“都有多久了？”我问乔西。

“你跟它拉扯三小时五十

分钟了。”

“我想你说过它没法钻到

水下跑掉的。”我对卡洛斯说。

15

“海明威，它会上来的。

我知道它一定会上来的。”

“那你跟它说吧。”我说。

“给他来点儿水，卡洛斯。”

乔西说，“别说话了，船长。”

16

水冰冰凉凉，感觉很舒坦，

我还把水喷到手腕上，告诉卡

17 interchangeably相互地。 18 die不是“死”，这里是指消失得无影无踪。 19 drum

= reel drum鼓轮，鼓式卷线器。一种钓鱼装置，里面有线轴，有摇把可以收缩钓线。

2023·02 英语世界

文苑·

小说

45

my shoulders where the harness

20

had

rubbed them bare but it was so hot in

the sun that there was no warm feeling

from the blood. It was a July day and

the sun was at noon.

“Put some more salt water on his

head,” Mr. Josie said. “With a sponge.”

17

Just then the fish stopped taking out

line. He hung steady for a time, feeling

as solid as though I were hooked to a

concrete pier

21

, and then slowly he start-

ed up. I recovered the line, reeling with

the wrist alone, as there was no spring

in the rod at all and it was as limp

22

as a

weeping willow.

23

18

When the fish was about a fathom

under the surface, so that we could see

him looking like a long purple-striped

canoe

24

with two great jutting

25

wings,

he started to circle slowly. I held all

the tension I could on him, to try to

shorten the circle. I was holding up to

that absolute hardness that indicates the

breaking strength of the line when the

rod let go

26

. It did not break sharply or

suddenly. It just collapsed

27

.

19

“Cut thirty fathoms of line off the

big rig

28

,” I said to Carlos. “I’ll hold

him on the circles and when he’s com-

ing in we can get enough line to make

this line fast to the big line and I’ll

洛斯将杯中剩下的水浇到我的

后脖子上。我肩膀上被钓具蹭

秃噜皮的地方被汗液蛰得生疼，

太阳炙烤着，丝毫感觉不到身

上在流血。这是七月的一天，

正值中午。

“给他头上再多淋点儿海

水，”乔西说，“用海绵。”

17

就在这当口儿，鱼停止拖

线了。有一阵子它就那样待着

不动，我感觉像是钩住了水泥

墩那般沉重，紧接着它开始慢

慢游了上来。钓竿没了弹性，

柔软得像一枝垂柳，我仅用一

只手腕摇着鼓轮，拢回钓线。

18

鱼离水面大约一英寻的时

候，我们能看清它是那么长，

像一只有紫色条纹的长独木

舟，伸展着两只巨大的胸鳍，

开始慢慢游着圈儿。我铆足劲

儿拉紧它，努力缩小它游的圈

儿。我尽力死死地拉紧钓线，

就要把线给挣断了，这时候钓

竿废掉了，它不是猛地一下子

折断，只是耷拉下来没用了。

19

“从粗线卷上剪下三十英

寻的钓线。”我对卡洛斯说，“它

转圈的时候我拉住，待它游近

20 harness马具，这里指钓竿等钓具。 21 concrete pier水泥墩。 22 limp柔软的。

23 fathom英寻，约1.8米。 24 canoe独木舟。 25 jutting伸展的。 26 let go松开；

放弃。这里指钓竿坏了。 27 collapse坍塌；倒下。 28 rig装置，设备。这里指钓

线卷轴。

英语世界 2023·02

46 文苑·

小说

change rods.”

20

There was no question anymore of

catching the fish as a world’s record or

any other sort of record, since the rod

was broken. But he was a whipped

29

fish

now and on the heavy gear we should

get him. The only problem was that

the big rod was too stiff for the fifteen-

thread line. That was my problem and I

would have to work it out.

21

Carlos was stripping white thirty-

six-thread line off the big Hardy reel,

measuring it with his arms extended

as he pulled it out through the guides

30

of the rod and dropped it on the deck.

I held the fish all that I could with the

useless rod and saw Carlos cut the white

line and pull a long length of it through

the guides.

22

“All right, Cap,” I said to Mr. Josie.

“You take this line now when he comes

in on his circle and take in enough so

Carlos can make the two lines fast. Just

take it in soft and easy.”

The fish came in steadily as he

rounded on his circle and Mr. Josie

brought the line in foot by foot and

passed it to Carlos, who was knotting it

to the white line.

23

“He’s got them tied,” Mr. Josie said.

He still had about a yard of the green

fifteen-thread line to spare and was

holding the live line

31

in his fingers as

的时候我们就够得着将钓线接

到粗线上，我准备换竿儿。”

20

鱼竿撅折了，那就甭再琢

磨钓上这条大鱼破世界纪录或

其他什么纪录了。但这鱼现在

被遛累了，我们换用结实的钓

具应该能逮住它。只有一个问

题，就是大号钓竿配用15号

钓线太硬了；这是我的问题，

我必须想办法解决。

21

卡洛斯正从大号的哈迪牌

线轴上扯下36号的白色钓线，

他将线从竿上的导线环里拉

出，伸开双臂丈量长度，然后

丢到甲板上。我用那根废竿尽

全力拉住鱼，看到卡洛斯在剪

白色钓线，并将一长段线从导

线环中拉出。

22

“好了，船长。”我对乔西说，

“现在你拉住这根线，等它转

上来的时候就收线，待线长到

够卡洛斯把两条线接上，要尽

量缓着劲儿拉。”

鱼转着圈儿一点点靠近，

乔西一段段地拢回钓线并递给

卡洛斯，卡洛斯将其打结到白

色钓线上。

23

“他把线系好啦。”乔西说。

他还富余出一码左右长的15

号绿线，鱼游到最内圈的时候

他手里攥着线的活头儿。我双

29 whipped〈美俚〉筋疲力尽的。 30 guide钓竿上串钓线的导环。 31 live line活线，

活绳。

2023·02 英语世界

文苑·

小说

47

the fish came to the inside limit of his

circle. I broke my hands loose from the

small rod, laid it down, and took the big

rod that Carlos handed me.

“Cut away when you are ready,” I

said to Carlos. To Mr. Josie I said, “Let

your slack

32

out soft and easy, Cap, and

I’ll use a light, light drag until we get

the feel of it.”

24

I was watching the green line and

the great fish when Carlos cut. Then I

heard a cry such as I have never heard

a sane human being make. It was as

though you could distill all despair and

make it into a sound. Then I saw the

green line slowly going through Mr.

Josie’s fingers and then watched it go

on down, down, and out of sight. Carlos

had cut the wrong loop of the knots he

had made. The fish was out of sight.

■

32 slack绳索的松弛部分。

手松开小号钓竿，将它放下，

然后接住卡洛斯递给我的大号

竿。

“准备好了你就剪线吧。”

我对卡洛斯说。我对乔西说：

“你松线的时候要轻点儿，船

长，我会拉得很轻很轻，直到

我们感觉到鱼为止。”

24

卡洛斯剪线的时候我正盯

着那根绿线和那条大鱼，紧接

着我听到一声尖叫——这尖叫

绝无可能从一个正常人嘴里喊

出，像是将所有的绝望提炼后

迸发出来的声音。我看到绿线

从乔西的手里慢慢滑脱，一点

一点地向下，直至消失不见。

卡洛斯剪错了线圈，将他刚刚

打结的线剪断了。鱼从我们视

线中消失了。

□

英语世界 2023·02