2024年4月9日发(作者：中兴u802)

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Week5

heavy rain 暴雨

heavy sky 乌云密布的天空

heavy load 重负载

heavy industry重工业

heavy style晦涩的文体

heavy blow沉重的打击

heavy casualty 惨重的伤亡

heavy fate命运

heavy news悲痛的消息，坏消息

heavy features浓眉大眼

heavy food难消化的食物

heavy wine烈酒

heavy eater食量大的人

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heavy smoker 烟瘾大的人，老烟枪瘾君子

heavy fire烈火

heavy crop丰收

heavy task 繁重的任务

heavy current强电流

heavy machine 重机械

heavy sleep酣睡

heavy taxes重税

heavy road 泥泞的路

heavy applause热烈的掌声

heavy traffic 拥挤的交通

heavy sea

巨浪

硬包装， hard package,

硬笔（书法）， (calligraphical works done with) hard-tipped,

硬塑料， rigid plastic,

硬武器， lethal/destructive weapon,

硬汉， tough/dauntless/unyielding man,

硬话， strong/harsh words,

硬功夫， great skill/high proficiency

硬道理 , absolute principle.

正式合同：formal contract, written contract, sealed contract, contract

长纪录片：long documentary

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创奇迹: do/ work wonders

拥挤的交通：heavy traffic

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碰运气: take a chance

强硬的政策：tough policy

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扎根: take root

铁一般的事实：hard fact

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打井: dig wells

供不应求的市场：tight market

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受贿: accept a bribe

学习知识: acquire/ obtain knowledge

提高经济效益: enhance economic performance, increase economic returns

实现个人价值: realize one’s personal value

普及义务教育: extend compulsory education

用发展的眼光看中国: see china in the light of her development

秦始皇统一了中国，统一了度量衡、文字和钱币。

Qin Shi Huang unified China and standardized the forms of writing and coinage and weights and measures.

I got on horseback within ten minutes after I got your letter. When I got to Canterbury I got a chaise for

town, but I got wet through, and have got such a cold that I shall not get rid of it in a hurry. I got to

the Treasury about noon, but first of all got shaved and dressed. I soon got into the secret of getting a

memorial before the Board, but I could not get one next morning. As soon as I got back to my inn, I got my

breakfast, and having got dressed, I got out in time to get an answer to my memorial. As soon as I got it,

I got into a chaise, and got back to Canterbury by three, and got home for tea. I have got nothing for you,

and so adieu.

：收到你的来信不到十分钟，我就骑上马背出发了。当我到达坎特伯雷后我乘上一辆去城镇的马车，可是我全身都湿透

了并且感冒了，应该不能马上就好。中午我到达财政部，但我首先得刮刮脸，换一下衣服。很快我就得知了一个关于在

开董事会之前得到请愿书的秘密，但是等到第二天我无法从那得到任何答复了。于是我尽快一回到旅馆就吃早餐，接着

把衣服给换了，立刻就出去，取回我那请愿书的答复。一得到答复我就踏上了马车，赶回达坎特伯雷之后已是下午三点，

回到家后喝了下午茶。七：我还没为你拿过什么消息回来，我们再会吧。

Week6

They are as thick as thieves. 他们非常亲密/亲如兄弟/情同手足

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bookish” & “book worm” 书卷气，书迷

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上厕所的委婉语

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to go into retreat, to go to one’s private office,to go to the bank, to go to Egypt, to go tap a kidney,

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生米做成熟饭 what’s done is done 意译

2. 癞蛤蟆想吃天鹅肉 the toad on the ground wanting to eat the goose in the sky 直译

3. 切片/切碎/腌/去皮 slicing/ mincing/ pickling, salting/ skinning, peeling

4. 炒/煎/煮/蒸/煲 stir-frying/ pan-frying/ boiling/ steaming/ stewing

5. 叉烧肉/白切鸡/涮羊肉/红烧肉/叫化鸡

barbecued pork, roast pork fillet/ steamed chicken/ instant boiled mutton/ braised pork with brown sauce/ baked mud-coated chicken,

beggar’s chicken

6. 知识始自实践。Knowledge begins with practice.

B. 请列举中国著名的八大菜系，并任选一种介绍其特色之处。

Fujian Cuisine, Sichuan Cuisine, Cantonese Cuisine, Beijing Cuisine, Shandong Cuisine, Jiangsu Cuisine, Hunan Cuisine, Anhui

Cuisine.

Cantonese Cuisine focuses on color, smell, taste, appealing. It has five features: pure, fresh, tender(嫩), flowing texture (滑), crispy

(爽). The main methods of making Cantonese foods includes quick-frying爆炒, steaming, boiling, stewing and frying烹.

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Ppt6

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仰卧(俯卧) lie on one’s back (stomach）

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倒立 stand on one’s hand

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蛙泳 breaststroke

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双杠 parallel bars

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活字典 walking dictionary

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内部刊物 restricted publications

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应用题 story problem

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走读生 day student

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非处方药 over-the-counter medicine

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门诊病人 outpatient

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餐具 tableware

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保暖杯 vacuum flask

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汗衫 T-shirt

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秒表 stopwatch

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家谱 family tree

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隐形眼镜 contact lens

to spend a penny, to cash a check,to see a man about a dog, to shake hands with an old friends, to see one’

s aunt, to visit the sandbox, to fix one’s face, to powder one’s nose, to do a job for oneself, to do one’

s duty/needs/business,to see John, to ease one’s nature, to perform one’s ablution, to pluck a rose, to

water the lawn, shake dew off the lily, to shoot a lion, to have a bio-break, to look at those foul verses

in Poet’s Corner, to hit and miss, etc.

Ppt12

visual surveillance 视觉监控

surgical strike 外科手术式打击

air support 空中支援

strategic movement to the rear 阶段性转移

strategic village 战略村

week8:no14

Some words and expressions are almost always used in the plural form:

binoculars 双筒望远镜, pants, trousers, scissors, pincers 钳子, pliers 老虎钳, spectacles 眼镜, annals 年

报, remains 遗迹，遗体, etc.

Some terms are habitually plural in form but are treated as singulars:

the United States, the United Nations, the Philippines, etc.

week9

ppt2

候机室 departure lounge

美人计 honey trap

手扶拖拉机 walking tractor

乳臭未干 still wet behind the ears

画蛇添足 put a fifth wheel to the cart

companion volume 姐妹篇

glass eye 玻璃假眼，马的一种盲症

school report 学生成绩报告单

九五折 five percent discount

不二价 uniform price

传销 pyramid sale

standing clock 座钟

三角债 debt chain

一次性筷子 throwaway chopsticks

一次性杯子 sanitary（卫生的清洁的） cup；disposable cup

一次性包装 disposable packaging

Week13

“He is professional.” 他是一个职业拳击手

“She is professional.” 她是一个职业妓女

“恨铁不成钢。”

Literal translation:

to regret that it is iron but not steel.

to wish that iron could be turned into steel.

The Connotative meaning:

The speaker is disappointed that someone-usually a loved one-does not do as good as has been expected.

《钢铁是怎样炼成的》 The Making of a Hero’

拦路虎，夜猫子，小馋猫，狐狸精，老狐狸，中山狼，色狼，千里马，笨驴，蠢猪，替罪羊，瘦猴，落汤鸡，铁公鸡，河东狮，

井底蛙，旱鸭子，地头蛇，初生牛犊，老黄牛，牛鬼蛇神，狐朋狗友„

English ：silly ass, lame duck, queer fish, early bird, lucky dog, black sheep, dark horse, drowned rat, rat in

a hole, etc.

fox(狐狸)—cunning

monkey(猴子)—mischief

wolf(狼)--savageness

走狗，看家狗，哈巴狗，癞皮狗，狗仗人势，狐群狗党，狼心狗肺，狗胆包天，狗屁不通，狗腿子，狗东西，狗头军师，狗急

跳墙，狗嘴里吐不出象牙„

(derogatory senses)

jolly dog, top dog, lucky dog, sly dog, clever dog, like a dog with two tails, help a lame dog over a stile, teach

an old dog new tricks, Every dog has its day, etc.

(neutral or commendatory implications)

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瓮中之鳖a rat in a hole

蠢得像猪as stupid as a goose

胆小如鼠chicken-hearted, pigeon-hearted, as timid as a rabbit

牛饮drink like a fish

如鱼得水like a duck to water

猫哭老鼠shed crocodile tears

养虎为患warm a sanke in one’s bosom

杀鸡取卵kill the goose that lays the golden eggs

热锅上的蚂蚁like a hen on a hot girdle/ like a cat on hot bricks

骑虎难下hold a wolf by the ear

非驴非马neither fish, flesh, nor fowl

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公鸭嗓子as hoarse as a crow

引狼入室set the fox to keep the geese

宁为鸡头，勿为牛后。better be the head of a dog than the tail of a lion.

缘木求鱼—fish in the air 竹篮打水—make a wild goose chase

水中捞月—cry for the moon 问道于盲—hold a candle to the sun

挑雪填井—slough the sands

Week14

科举，请安，虚岁，克星，跑龙套，腊八粥，抓周，官倒，低保，钉子户，彩民，团购，下课，转业，离休，卖大号，希望工程，

菜篮子工程，精神文明，三个代表，etc.

Yang Hsien-yi and Gladys Yang translated “请安” as “went down on one’s knee in salute”;

But Hawks turned it into “couch one’s hand and knee to the ground in Manchu salute”.

coolie—苦力 polaroid—拍立得

romantic– 罗曼蒂克 crown– 康乐球

marathon– 马拉松 pump– 泵

vitamin– 维他命 hysteria—歇斯底里

shampoo – 香波 utopia—乌托邦

club– 俱乐部 simmons—席梦思

bowling—保龄球 bandage—绷带

* A kiss planted on the forehead of a young Iranian director by a well-known actress has landed the pair in court

and sparked heated protests in the Islamic Republic over physical contact between the sexes.

* [译文]一位年轻的伊朗导演被一位知名的女演员在额头上亲吻了一下，而双双进入法庭，并因在不同性别之间有了肉体的接

触而引发了激烈的抗议。

* [赏析]原句一气呵成，这，就是英语！主句(A kiss has landed the pair in court)很短，但附结在主句上的attachments

却成“累累”之势。另外，。。。

* [Counter-Comment]:

* 1. 主动or被动？

* 2. 吻or 亲吻?

* 3. “肉体接触”好，还是“身体接触”好？

* 4.激烈抗议or 强烈抗议？

* 5. “累累”之势is a criticism or praise?

* So there was stunned silence at a film awards ceremony in the central city of Yazd last Friday when respected

actress Gohar Kheirandish kissed the forehead of Ali Zamani and shook his hand when presenting the prize for top

director.

* [译文]因此，上周五在中心城市Yazd举行的一场电影颁奖典礼上，当受人尊敬的女演员Gohar Kheirandish在给Ali Zamani

颁发最佳导演奖的时候，亲吻了一下他的额头，并和他握了一下手，此刻的颁奖典礼，全场一片惊愕，人们鸦雀无声。

* [赏析]原句出现不可多得的修辞格Transferred Epithet,我们汉语称之为“移就”:stunned silence。请注意，silence

本身不可能stunned，stunned者，全场观众也！遗憾的是，我们汉语不接受stunned silence的直译（如：惊吓的沉默）。我

们只得“退，而求其次”，得译成“全场一片惊愕，人们鸦雀无声”。

* [Counter-comment]:

* 1.”中心城市Yazd”？Yazd is a province of Iran, usually translated as 亚兹德（省）.And its provincial capital

is also called Yazd.

* 2. 一场典礼sounds awkard. It can be omitted.

* 3. 当„的时候is typical translationese, which should be avoided.

* 4.全场一片惊愕，人们鸦雀无声is over-translation. It can be better translated as 人们一下子惊呆了。

* 5. Transferred epithet can be translated literally sometimes as Chinese also often uses this rhetoric means,

such as 必恭必敬的服从(pious obedience),愤怒的子弹(angry bullets),忧心忡忡的夜晚(anxious nights).

The end