2024年4月3日发(作者:宏碁4745g换固态硬盘)
until 的 用法
until的用法对初学英语者而言,因为常遇和常用,所以既是重点,也是难点,下面就
对until的用法进行浅析。
●until具有介词(prep.)和连词(conj.)的双重词性,意为“直到……为止”。
当until作为介词时,后面跟名词。
He didn’t stop working until his death.
当until 作为连词时,后面引导一个时间状语从句。
He didn’t stop working until he died.
●难点1---当until作连词,引导时间状语从句。
时态根据语境不同,出现以下两种情况:
1)事情还未发生(仅表示一种打算)<>这时主句用一般将来时,until后的从句,要用
一般现在时。
There will be a wonderful match tonight. I will watch it until it finishes.
有时,在从句中还能用现在完成时代替一般将来时。
Don't get off the bus until it has stopped.
2)陈述过去发生过的事,那么主句与从句都用一般过去时。
Last night there was a wonderful match. I watched it until it finished.
有时,陈述常发生的事,那么主句与从句都用一般现在时。
In the afternoon Jack reads books until his father comes back from the
office.
●难点2---“until+某一时间点”谓语动词如果是瞬间动词,必须要用否定形式。
例如:
I will stay here until you come back. (stay是可延续动词/非瞬间动词)
In the afternoon Jack reads books until his father comes back from the
office.(同上)
Last night she didn't go to bed until 11:00.(go to bed为瞬间动词)
I won't leave here until you come back. (leave为瞬间动词)
那么,当谓语动词是个瞬间动词,却用了肯定式,呵呵,就只能用before而不能用unti
l;
before常意为“没来得及……”或“……才……”等。
例如:
He almost knocked me down before he saw me.(他差一点在看到我前就撞
倒了我)
如果喜欢用until,句子就必须把用否定形式:
He didn't knock me down until he saw me.(直到看到我了,他才撞倒我.)
附--什么叫“瞬间动词”?理论上讲完全可以望文生意,明白;但是拿些具体动词分析,
就更容易掌握了:
就拿"睡觉"---有非瞬间动词/延续性动词sleep;和瞬间动词go to bed;
比较----1)Last Friday I slept until the phone rang.
2)Last Friday I didn't go to bed until the phone rang.
再拿"离开"---有非瞬间动词/延续性动词be away;和瞬间动词leave;
比较----3)He will be away from the city until this winter comes.
4)He won't leave until this winter comes.
(上述四句的意思)
1)上星期五我一直睡到电话铃响起。
2)上星期五直到电话铃响我才去睡。
3)今冬来临前他一直离开此城市。
4)要到今冬,他才离开该城市。
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