2024年3月12日发(作者：性价比高的千元机)

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CalligraphyIntrodu

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Calligraphy

Calligraphy is understood in China as the art of writing a good hand with the brush or the

study of the rules and techniques of this art. As such it is peculiar to China and the few

countries influenced by ancient Chinese culture.

In the history of Chinese art, calligraphy has always been held in

equal importance to painting. Great attention is also paid today to

its development by holding exhibitions of ancient and contemporary

works and by organizing competitions among youngsters and people from

various walks of life. Sharing of experience in this field often

makes a feature in Sino-Japanese cultural exchange.

Chinese calligraphy, like the script itself, began with the hieroglyphs and, over the long ages

of evolution, has developed various styles and schools, constituting an important part of the

heritage of national culture.

Classification

Chinese scripts are generally divided into five categories:

The seal character (zhuan), the official or clerical script (li), the

regular script (kai), the running hand (xing) and the cursive hand

(cao).

1) The zhuan script or seal character was the earliest form of writing

after the oracle inscriptions, which must have caused great

inconvenience because they lacked uniformity and many characters were

written in variant forms. The first effort for the unification of

writing, it is said, took place during the reign of King Xuan (827-782

B. C.) of the Western Zhou Dynasty, when his taishi (grand historian)

Shi Zhou compiled a lexicon of 15 chapters, standardizing Chinese

writing under script called zhuan. It is also known as zhouwen after

the name of the author. This script, often used in seals, is translated into English as the

seal character, or as the "curly script" after the shape of its strokes.

Shi Zhou's lexicon (which some thought was written by a later author of the state of Qin) had

long been lost, yet it is generally agreed that the inscriptions on the drum-shaped Qin stone

blocks were basically of the same style as the old zhuan script.

When, in 221 B. C., Emperor Qin Shi Huang unified the whole of China under one central