2024年3月2日发(作者：荣耀60se参数配置详细)

高中英语人教版选修八unit4词汇讲解

betray[b??tre?]vt.泄露(秘密)；出卖，背叛

常见用法：

1．betray a secret to sb. 向某人泄露秘密

2．betray one’s trust 辜负某人的信任

3．betray oneself 暴露本来面目，原形毕露

例句：

But they betray themselves every time they open their

mouths.

但是，他们每次开口说话时都会暴露自己。

(朗文P168)There are people who are prepared to betray their

country for money.

有些人准备为钱财背叛祖国。

(牛津P174)For years they had been betraying state secrets to

Russia.

他们多年来一直在向俄罗斯泄露国家机密。

(牛津P174)She felt betrayed when she found out the truth

about him.

她发现他的真实情况后，感到受了欺骗。

(牛津P174)She betrayed his trust over and over again.

她一次又一次地辜负了他的信任。

练习：完成句子

1.他伪装得很好，可是一开口说话就原形毕露了。

He had a good disguise，but as soon as he spoke he________

_________.

2.他把朋友出卖给敌人，这使我们非常吃惊。

He________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________，which

surprised us all.

答案：

ed himself

ed his friends to the enemy

condemn [k?n'dem]vi. 谴责；使……注定

常见用法：

1. ～+名词

condemn one's foolish behaviour 责备某人的愚蠢行为

condemn murder 谴责谋杀行为

condemn the policy of aggression 谴责侵略政策

2.～+副词

condemn blindly 盲目谴责

condemn indignantly 愤怒地谴责

condemn indiscriminately 不分青红皂白地责难

condemn mercilessly 无情地谴责

3.～+介词

condemn as 把…谴责为,宣告(某人)犯有…罪

condemn as traitors 宣告犯有叛逆罪

condemn for 因…而宣告…有罪

condemn for stealing 因偷…被宣告有罪

例句：

(牛津P410)He was condemned to death for murder and later

hanged. 他因凶杀罪被判处死刑后被绞死。

(朗文P412)If you don’t learn from the past，you are

condemned to repeat its mistakes.

如果你不从过去吸取教训的话，就注定要重复以前的错误。

(朗文P412)She knew that society will condemn her for

leaving her children.

她知道社会会因她离弃自己的孩子而谴责她。

练习：

1.英译汉

Look at this girl with her terrible English：the English that will

condemn her to the gutter to the end of her days.

2.

—The media strongly ________the drunken drivers for their

behaviors.

—He deserved to be punished.

A．inspected B．condemned

C．calculated D．praised

答案：

1. 你瞧那个姑娘，英语说得那样糟糕，命中注定要在贫民窟里呆一辈子了。

2.选B。句意：“媒体强烈谴责醉酒司机的行为。”“他该受罚。”condemn“谴责”，符合句意。inspect“检查；视察”；calculate“计算”；praise“表扬”。

三、

acquaintance [?'kweint?ns]n. 相识；了解；熟人

常见用法：

1．

动词+～

cultivate sb's acquaintance 刻意结交某人

cut one's acquaintance 与某人绝交

drop one's acquaintance 与某人绝交

establish an acquaintance with sb 结识某人

2．

形容词+～

adequate acquaintance 充分了解

agreeable acquaintance 令人愉快的相识acquaintance 点头之交

casual acquaintance 泛泛之交

3．

名词+～

bowing

business acquaintance 业务上的熟人

chance acquaintance 偶然结识的人

例句：

And I came to England to make your acquaintance!

我也正是到英国来找你的

(牛津P16)Claire has a wide circle of friends and

acquaintances.克莱尔交友很广。(牛津P16)I am delighted to make

your acquaintance，.贝克太太，我很高兴与你相识。

I have some acquaintance with French，but I do not know it

well.我懂得一点法语，但不精通。

My father has a nodding acquaintance with the professor.

我父亲与这位教授有点头之交。

练习：

1.英译汉All our employees are fully acquainted with safety

precautions.

2.我很久以前一直盼望着与她结识。

I’d been looking forward to ________ ________ ________ for a

long time.

答案：

1.我们所有的雇员都非常熟悉安全预防措施。

her acquaintance

四、

hesitate英 ['hez?te?t] 美 ['hez?te?t] vi. 犹豫；踌躇

常见用法：

te to do

te for a moment

no hesitation in doing sth.

例句：

A gentleman (G)passes and hesitates for a moment.

这时有位先生(简称先)从这儿路过，他迟疑了片刻。

(牛津P959)Please do not hesitate to contact me if you have

any queries.

如果有疑问请尽管和我联系。

(牛津P959)I didn’t hesitate for a moment about taking the

job.

我毫不犹豫地接受了那份工作。

练习：

1.(2009年高考福建卷)We are at your ’t ________to

turn to us if you have any further problems.

A．beg B．hesitate

C．desire D．Seek

2.英译汉I have no hesitation in recommending her for the

job.

答案：

1.选B。句意：我们愿意为你效劳。如果你还有什么问题尽管找我们。beg祈求；desire希望得到(某物)，想要；seek to do sth.努力做某事。hesitate to do sth. 不情愿做某事。

2.我毫不犹豫地推荐她做这项工作。

五、

compromise ['k?mpr?maiz]ni. & vi. 妥协；折衷

常见用法：

1．

动词+～

arrange a compromise 准备妥协

agree on〔reject〕a compromise 同意〔拒绝〕妥协

come to a compromise 取得妥协

work out a compromise 制定一个折中方案

2．

形容词+～

acceptable〔reasonable〕compromise 可以接受〔合理〕的妥

协方案weak〔satisfactory〕compromise 不稳固〔圆满〕的和解

3．

～+名词

compromise agreement 折中协议

例句：

(朗文P406)Talks are continuing in the hope that the two sides

will reach a compromise.

为了双方达成妥协，谈判在继续进行。

(江苏高考)Most important of all，it is always wise to make

decisions by compromise and agreement.

最重要的是，通过相互妥协相互协商来作决定总是明智的。In my

view，it’s wise of you to compromise with her.

以我看来，你和她妥协是明智之举。

练习：

1.为了和谐地生活，有时你需要做出让步。

In order to live in harmony，sometimes you need to ________

________. 2.英译汉

We are not prepared to compromise on safety standards.

答案：

compromises

2.我们不愿在安全标准问题上妥协。

六、

fortune英 ['f??t?u?n] 美 ['f??rt??n] n．财产，大笔的钱；机会；运气常见用法：

1．

动词+～

affect one's fortune 影响命运

enjoy good fortune 交好运

leave one's fortune with Heaven 听天由命

share each other's fortune 同甘共苦

2．

形容词+～

bad fortune 不幸的命运,厄运

changing fortune 多变的命运

good fortune 好运气

ill fortune 厄运,不幸的命运

3．

介词+～

by fortune 由于运气

child of fortune 幸运儿

例句：

(牛津P803)That ring must be worth a fortune.

那枚戒指肯定要值很多钱。

(辽宁高考)But if you don’t work hard，no fortune will come.

但是如果你不努力，机遇是不会来的。

When he was young，he would dream of making a fortune.

当他小时，他常常梦想发大财。

(牛津P803)I was fortunate in having a good teacher.

我很幸运，有位好老师。

练习：

1.英译汉

Fortunately，his stepmother was very kind to him.

millionaire passed away, leaving his children with a

large________. A．fortune B．luck

C．money D．amount

答案：

1.幸运的是，他的继母对他非常好。

2.选A。考查名词辨析。句意：这位百万富翁去世了，留给他的孩子们一大笔财产。a large fortune庞大的财富。money不能和a

large 搭配。

七、

generally

英 ['d?enr?li] 美 ['d?enr?li] adv.一般地；通常；普遍地常见用法：

1．generally speaking一般来说

2．generally labeling一般标记

3．generally accepted普遍承认的

例句：

Generally speaking，people are more polite to those who

they think are of a higher social class(H)and less polite to those

they consider are members of a lower class(L)．一般而言，人们对他们认为是高层社会的人更有礼貌，对于他们认为是低层社会的成员不太礼貌。

(朗文P860)Generally speaking，older people are less able to

speak up for their rights.

一般说来，年纪大一些的人维护自己权利的能力弱一些。

Honestly speaking，I don’t agree wi th you.

诚实地说，我不赞成你。

It is generally accepted that smoking is harmful to our health.

吸烟有害健康，这是大家公认的。

练习：

1.英译汉Generally speaking，those who pay attention to

physical exercise are in good health.

2.________，the more expensive the camera，the better its

quality.

A．General speaking B．Speaking general

C．Generally speaking

D．Speaking generally

答案：

1.一般来说，那些注意体育锻炼的人身体健康状况良好。

2.选C。本题考查插入语。generally speaking表示“一般来说”。

八、

term

英 [t??m] 美 [t??rm]

n.学期；术语；条件；条款；期限；名词vt.把... 称为

常见用法：

1．

动词+～

accept terms 接受条件

analyze a term 分析一个术语

avoid a term 避免使用术语

carry out terms 履行条件

2．

介词+～

in terms of 用…的话,以…的措辞,在…方面,从…方面(来说),以…表示,根据,按照

in any term 无论如何

in clear term 明确地

3．

名词+～

autumn term 秋季学期

fall term 秋季学期

prison term 服刑期

spring term 春季学期

例句：

Correct all these sentences in terms of grammar，spelling，etc.，so that she can use them properly.

从语法、拼写等方面改正这些句子，好让她使用恰当。

In terms of natural resources，it is one of the poorest

countries in Western Europe.

从自然资源来看，它是西欧最穷的国家之一。

In terms of money I’m quite rich，but not in terms of

happiness.金钱，我富有；幸福，我缺乏。

(牛津P2084)Such a development seems unlikely，at least in

the short term.

发生这样的情况看来可能性不大，起码短期之内应当如此。

练习：英译汉

each child read in terms of his own tastes and choices.

2.I think I am probably quite different from I think

we’re both quite reserved________how much we show our

feelings.

A．in terms of B．in need of

C．in place of D．in spite of

答案：

1.让每一个孩子根据自己的兴趣爱好选择书籍阅读。

2.选A。考查介词短语辨析。句意：我认为我可能与Harry 有很大的不同。但我认为我们在克制情感的表达这一点上倒有几分相似。in

terms of 意为“就……来说，从……角度”。in need of 需要；in

place of 代替，顶替；in spite of 尽管，虽然。