2024年4月28日发(作者：)

翻译硕士考研2022川大外院《翻译硕士英语》考研真题

四川大学外国语学院211翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解

Passage B

“How many copies do you want printed, Mr. Greeley?”

“Five thousand!” The answer was snapped back without hesitation.

“But, sir,” the press foreman protested, “we have subscriptions for only five

hundred newspapers.”

“We’ll sell them or give them away.”

The presses started rolling, sending a thundering noise out over the sleeping

streets of New York City. The New York Tribune was born.

The newspaper’s founder, owner, and editor, Horace Greeley, anxiously

snatched the first copy as it came sliding off the press. This was his dream of many

years that he held in his hand. It was as precious as a child. Its birth was the result

of years of poverty, hard work, and disappointments.

Hard luck and misfortune had followed Horace all his life. He was born of poor

parents on February 3, 1811, on a small farm in New Hampshire. During his early

childhood, the Greeley family rarely had enough to eat. They moved from one

farm to another because they could not pay their debts. Young Horace’s only

boyhood fun was reading—when he could snatch a few moments during a long

working day.

“The printed word always fascinated Horace. When he was only ten years old,

he applied for a job as an apprentice in a printing shop. But he didn’t get the job

because he was too young.

Four years later, Horace walked eleven miles to East Poultney in Vermont to

answer an ad. A paper called the Northern Spectator had a job for a boy. The

editor asked him why he wanted to boa printer, Horace spoke up boldly: “Because,

sir, I want to learn all I can about newspapers.”

The editor looked at the oddly dressed boy. Finally he said, “You’ve got the

job, son.”

For the first six months, room and board would be the only pay for his work.

After that, he would get room and board and forty dollars a year.

Horace hurried home to shout the good news to his family. When he got there,

he learned that his family was about to move again—this time to Pennsylvania.

Horace decided to stay and work. Mrs. Greeley hated leaving her son behind, but

gave her consent. Twice during his apprenticeship Horace walked six hundred

miles to visit his family. Each time, he took all the money he had saved and gave it

to his father.

The Spectator failed after Horace had spent four years working for it. He

joined his family in Erie, Pennsylvania, and got a job on the Erie Gazette. Half the

money he earned he gave to his family. The other half he saved to go to New York.

When he was twenty, Horace arrived in New York with ten dollars in his pocket.

He was turned down twice when he asked for a job. Finally he became a typesetter

for John T West’s Printery. The only reason Horace got the job was that it was so

difficult other printers wouldn’t take it. His job was to set a very small edition of

the Bible. Horace almost ruined his eyes at that job.

As young Greeley’s skill grew, better jobs came his way. He could have bought

better clothes and moved out of his dingy room. But he was used to being poor,

and his habits did not change He spent practically nothing on himself. Even after

his Tribune became a success, he lived as if he hadn’t enough money for his next

meal.

The Tribune grew and thrived. It was unlike any newspaper ever printed before

in the United States. Greeley started a new type of journalism. His news stories

were truthful and accurate His editorials attacked as well as praised. Many people

disagreed with what he wrote, but still they read it. The Tribune became America’

s first nationwide newspaper. It was read as eagerly in the Midwest and Far West as

it was in the East. Greeley’s thundering editorials became the most powerful voice

in the land.

Greeley and his Tribune fought for many causes. He was the first to come out

for the right of women to vote. His Tribune was the leader in demanding

protection for homesteads in the West. He aroused the north in the fight against

slavery. During a depression in the East, jobless men asked what they could do to

support themselves. Said Greeley: “Go West, young man, go West!”

As the Tribune gained more power, Greeley became more interested in politics

He led in forming and naming the Republican Party. He, more than any other man,

was responsible for Abraham Lincoln’s being named to run for President.

Horace Greeley was first of all a successful newspaperman. He was also a

powerful political leader. But he was not a popular man. In 1872 he ran for

President against Ulysses S Grant. Grant was re-elected by an overwhelming

margin.

Greeley was then in deep mourning over the recent death of his wife. He was

heart-broken over losing the election. He never recovered from the double blow

only weeks after his defeat, he died in New York City. His beloved Tribune lived on

after him as the monument he wanted. Just before died, he wrote:

“I cherish the hope that the journal I projected and established will live and

flourish long after I shall have mouldered into forgotten dust, and that the stone

that covers my ashes may bear to future eyes the still intelligible inscription,

Founder of the New York Tribune.”

6. Horace gladly accepted his first job ______.

A. because of the kind of work it was

B. because of the high salary offered

C. because of the location of the office

D. became he couldn’t find any other job

7. When Horace founded the Tribune he was ______.

A. already a rich and famous newspaperman

B. poor, but skilled in newspaper work

C. poor, but eager to learn newspaper work

D. rich and skilled in newspaper work

8. The Tribune was different from all other American papers because it was

______.

A. available by subscription only

B. printed in New York city

C. distributed throughout the nation

D. it offered the editor’s personal opinions only

9. Before the Tribune was founded, news reporting was ______.

A. honest but uninteresting

B. distorted or dishonest

C. almost unknown

D. interesting but distorted

10. Greeley probably felt that his greatest accomplishment was ______.

A. rising from poverty to wealth

B. becoming a popular political leader

C. founding the New York Tribune

D. All of the above

【答案与解析】

6. A 句意：Horace很高兴地接受第一份工作的原因是这正是他想要的工作。文章第

九段最后一句，当Horace被问及为什么想做这份工作时，他回答“I want to learn all I can

about newspapers”，说明这份工作正是他想要的，故选A。文章第十一段说明这份工作

开始仅提供食宿，排除B。第十二段中提到Horace的家要搬到Pennsylvania，而这份工

作是在Vermont（第九段第一句），有600英里之远，排除C项。D项在文中没有提到。

7. D 句意：Horace创办《论坛报》的时候已经很富有，并且熟悉报纸行业的各项技

能。文章第十五段开头提到，随着Greeley的技艺越来越好，他开始有好的工作机会，能

够购置好的衣服并搬出昏暗的房子，由此可以得出Greeley当时技能纯熟，也很富有，排

除B，C项，D项符合原文意思。Greeley变得出名发生在其创办《论坛报》之后，A项错

误。

8. C 句意：《论坛报》同美国其他报纸的不同之处在于它在全国范围内发行。倒数第

六段第二句开始描述了《论坛报》与美国其他报纸的不同之处。倒数第三句“The Tribune

became America’s first nationwide newspaper.”，说明《论坛报》是第一份全国性的

报纸，即当时唯一在全国发行的报纸，故选C。

9. B 句意：《论坛报》成立之前，新闻报道是歪曲的或者不真实的。倒数第六段第三、

四“Greeley started a new type of journalism. His news stories were truthful and

accurate”，即Greeley开创了新的报道方式，他的新闻故事真实而准确。由此可以得出，

这之前的报道不真实，选B。

10. C 句意：Greeley可能认为他最大的成就是建立了《论坛报》。文章第六段第二、

三句“This was his dream of many years ... result of years of poverty, hard work, and

disappointments.”说明了《论坛报》对Greeley的重要性，最后一段Greeley在死前写

的一段话，说明自己希望在死后《论坛报》能够更好，因此最可能是他眼中自己最大的成

就。

Section 2 Answering questions (20’)

Directions: Read the following passages and then answer IN COMPLETE

SENTENCES the questions which follow each passage. Use only information from

the passage you have just read and write your answer in the corresponding space

in your answer sheet.

Questions 1～3

At seven o’clock each morning a bell sounds in the red brick buildings on the

steep bank of the Hudson River at Ossining, New York. As it rings, an entire,

separate town of some 2300 persons comes to life. It is the prison town of Sing

Sing, a world of men who are confined but also living, working, playing—and

hoping Sing Sing is a town that lives on hope.

The seven o’clock bell is the signal for Sing Sing’s 1748 inmates and 514 man

staff to begin another round of duties. The prisoners rise, wash and dress. They

make up their narrow beds army-style and make certain that the objects on their

dressers are regulation neat. By 7:15, when guards come along the runways to

unlock the individual cells, the men are ready. They file slowly to the mess hall,

falling into step along the way with friends and acquaintances. Each man grabs a

tray and gets a breakfast of oatmeal with milk and sugar, bread, and coffee; he

takes his seat at one of the long rows of eating benches, places the tray before him,

and begins his breakfast So starts the day in Sing Sing.

Breakfast over, the men file from the mess hall and under the watchful eyes of

guards, drop their eating utensils into boxes provided at the doors. At five minutes

to eight they go outside in a long, chattering line down to the cluster of prison

workshops.

The prison has a dual function: it has its own permanent population, but it also

serves as a receiving station for the great flow of prisoners from New York City.

Here they come to be examined, screened, and eventually transferred to upstate

institutions.

For the first two weeks, the new arrival is put through a series of mental,

physical, and psychological examinations and given courses to prepare him for

prison life. In each batch of new prisoners there are hardened men for whom

prison can serve just one function—to remove them from society and keep them

from doing further harm. But in each batch there are also those who can be helped

and encouraged and turned into law-abiding citizens. It is toward these that most

of the effort at the prison is directed.

Sing Sing is a school, hospital, and factory as well as a prison if initial tests

show that a man is illiterate, he goes to the prison school to receive the equivalent

of an eighth-grade education if he needs medical treatment, he is sent to the

prison hospital. If he shows some special aptitude, or appears capable of learning a

trade, he is assigned to a regular job in one of the shops.

The shops cover a wide range of activities. A man may be assigned to the print

shop to learn the printer’s trade, or to the neighboring machine shop, where a

twelve-month course turns raw trainees into good auto mechanics, Many of the

prisons “graduates,” incapable of earning an honest living before now support

themselves on the good wages they make as skilled workers.

The shops are busy until 11:, when the men straggle up the slope to the

mess hall for dinner. In the afternoons some men go back to the shops. Others

may meet and talk with relatives in the prison’s visiting room. Athletes may spend

hours running and drilling on the basketball court.

The day’s work ends at 3:30, giving the men more than an hour of relative

freedom before the supper whistle sounds at 4:40. With the evening meal, the day

ends. The men go directly from the mess hall to their cell blocks and are locked in

for the night. Each cell is equipped with a set of radio headphones tuned into

programs sent over the prison circuit. A prisoner may read one of the

well-thumbed volumes from the prison library, which circulates about 36,000

volumes a year, or he may work, as many inmates do, on a correspondence course

to improve his chances of making a living when he gets out Lights go out at ten o’

clock. This routine does not vary greatly for any of Sing Sing’s inmates.

“We run the prison like a city of eighteen hundred people, only of course with

a lot more police,” says Warden Wilfred I. Denno. “Anything you couldn’t do on