2024年4月15日发(作者：)

考研英语一阅读理解专项强化真题试卷3

(题后含答案及解析)

题型有：1.

The standardized educational or psychological tests, that are widely used to

aid in selecting, classifying, assigning, or promoting students, employees, and military

personnel have been the target of recent attacks in books, magazines, the daily press,

and even in Congress. The target is wrong, for in attacking the tests, critics turn

attention from the fault that lies with ill-informed or incompetent users. The tests

themselves are merely tools, with characteristics that can be measured with reasonable

precision under specified condition. Whether the results will be valuable,

meaningless , or even misleading depends partly upon the tool itself but largely upon

the user. All informed predictions of future performance are based upon some

knowledge of relevant past performance. How well the predictions will be supported

by later performance depends upon the a-mount, reliability, and appropriateness of the

information used and on the skill and wisdom with which it is interpreted. Anyone

who keeps careful score knows that the information available is always incomplete

and that the predictions are always subject to error. Standardized tests should be

considered in this context. They provide a quick, objective method of getting some

kinds of information about what a person has learned, the skills he has developed, or

the kind of person he is. The information so obtained has, qualitatively, the same

advantages and shortcomings as other kinds of information. Whether to use tests,

other kinds of information, or both in a particular situation depends, therefore, upon

the evidence from experience, and upon such factors as cost and availability.

1． What is the author’s attitude towards standardized tests?

A．Negative.

B．Positive.

C．Slightly critical.

D．Both A and B

正确答案：D

解析：第一段中作者指出考试是一种tool，然后又说明根据users的不同，

它可能有价值也可能毫无意义，故D项正确。

2． Why is the target of attacks considered to be wrong?

A．Because the standardized tests are criticized by too many magazines.

B．Because the problems of the tests should not be referred to Congress.

C．Because one fails to notice test users’ lack of knowledge.

D．Because attacks shouldn’t be made by incompetent users.

正确答案：C

解析：根据第一段第二句话critics turn attention from the fault that lies with

ill-informed or in—competent users可知target应该是users而不是tests本身，故C

项正确。

3． “All informed predictions” in Para. 2 means all predictions that______.

A．are based on sound knowledge of the tests

B．are based on information from the mass media

C．are made by government agencies

D．are made by testees

正确答案：A

解析：根据第二段第一句based upon some knowledge of relevant past

performance可知A项正确。

4． One’s predictions are never 100% accurate because______.

A．the predictor may not be wise enough

B．the predictor may not have sufficient experience

C．the predictor never receives complete information

D．the information received is subject to errors

正确答案：C

解析：根据第二段最后一句话the information available is always incomplete

可知预测不可能百分百准确是因为没有足够完整的信息，故选C。

5． According to the author, what is the context in which standardized tests

should be considered?

A．They provide a quick objective method.

B．They get information about a particular person.

C．They provide good quality information.

D．They may be partly incorrect.

正确答案：A

解析：第三段第二句指明context是they provide a quick，objective method，

故选A。

Although credit cards are becoming a more acceptable part of the financial

scene, they are still regarded with suspicion by many as being a major part of the “live

now pay later” syndrome(综合症). Along with hire-purchase, rental and leasing

schemes, they provide encouragement to spend more money. Of course, it is only the

foolhardy who succumb(屈服)to the temptation to live, temporarily at least, beyond

their means, and such people would no doubt manage to do so even without credit

cards. Advertising campaigns have, however, promoted a growing realization of

the advantages of these small pieces of plastic. They obviate the need to carry large

amounts of cash and are always useful in emergencies. All the credit card

organizations charge interest on a monthly basis which may work out as high as 25

percent a year, yet judicious purchasing using a card can mean that you obtain up to

seven weeks interest-free credit. Using the card abroad, where items frequently take a

long time to be included on your account, can extend this period even further. It is

worthwhile shopping around before deciding on a particular credit card. It is

necessary to consider the amount of credit granted; interest rates, which may vary

slightly; the number and range of outlets, though most cards cover major garages,

hotels, restaurants and department stores, and, of course, what happens if your card is

lost or stolen. A credit card thief may be sitting on a potential goldmine particularly if

there is a delay in reporting the loss of the card. However, if used wisely, a credit

card can cost nothing, or at least help to tide you over a period of financial difficulty.

6． What is the main idea of the first paragraph?

正确答案：Though acceptable and useful, credit cards are doubted.

7． What can be the title for this passage?

正确答案：Credit Card—a Paradoxical Financial Tool

8． What else do you mean by judicious purchasing using a card?

正确答案：It also means to spend money carefully and sensibly.

9． What may happen if your card is lost or stolen?

正确答案：Large amounts of money would be spent by others.

10． What should you do in case of the loss of your credit card?

正确答案：I should keep it safe and be alert when use it.

As we have learned in our previous lectures, our country generally has an

excellent system of transportation. There are efficient airlines, railway systems as well

as motorway all across the country; however, if you have been to an airport recently,

you’ ve probably noticed that it is becoming more and more crowded. Although

airplanes provide the faster way to travel hundreds or thousands of miles, I don’ t

think that our industry can do a good job of transporting people between cities that

only a short distance apart. A person who travels between London and Birmingham,

the so-called strip cities, may spend only relatively a short time in the air while

spending several hours getting to and from the airport. This situation makes flying

almost as time consuming as driving and of course more expensive, moreover, planes

use a lot of fuel in taking off and landing down. So they are simply not fuel efficient

on short flights. In my opinion, high speed train may be an answer to that problem. By

the end of last century, a proposal for such a train was put forward, this new type of

train is called maglev, meaning magnetic levitated train, the maglev train will not ride

on the tracks, but will make use of the magnetic repulsion to glide or float above the

tracks. Since the train and tracks do not touch and rub against each other, a lot of

maintenance work can be saved. These trains will be able to travel at a speed about

300 miles per hour. Undoubtedly, at this speed, conventional trains will have trouble,

staying on the tracks. At present, the operation of maglev trains is still on the

experimental stage, for example, Germany and China. However, I’ m sure this new

type of train on the horizon will revolutionize transportation of the 21st century, the

way airplane did in the 20th century.

11． The passage is mainly on______.

A．The system of transportation in the U. K.

B．The undergoing revolution in transportation

C．The high speed trains of the 21st century

D．The short-distance transportation

正确答案：D

解析：文章主要讲在距离较近的城市之间旅行，乘坐飞机既消耗时间又浪费

能源，并提出了应对措施，即悬磁浮列车。所以文章主要内容是短途旅行。

12． The speaker doesn’ t think airplanes can offer good service to passengers

when______.

A．The journey takes time between two nearby cities

B．The expense is higher than that of driving

C．The airports are becoming more and more crowded

D．The flights are fuel consuming

正确答案：A

解析：文中第三、四句讲到作者认为在很近的两个城市间飞行并不能节省时

间，而且造价高，耗能多，因此无法享受好的服务。因此选A。B、C、D项都

是由A项引起的，都不是根本原因。

13． The word “levitated”(underlined in the passage)means______.

A．driven

B．leveled

C．lifted

D．operated

正确答案：C

解析：下文解释这种列车不接触铁轨，而是利用磁性相排斥的力量在铁轨上

方浮动。由此可知这是磁悬浮列车。levitate应是“升空，漂浮”的意思。lift举

起，抬起。drive驱动，推动。level弄平，变平。operate操作，运转。只有C项

意思相近。

14． Compared with traditional trains, what advantage of maglev trains is

mentioned?

A．They are much safer when in high speed.

B．They do not require much track maintenance.

C．They are to revolutionize transportation.

D．They are experiment-tested before operation.

正确答案：B

解析：文中倒数第五句讲到因为列车和车轨不摩擦，“a lot of maintenance

work can besaved”，这就是相比原来火车所具有的优势。A项没有提及。C、D

项不是相比原来火车所具有的优势。

15． Which of the following stratagems is Not True?

A．Airplanes are more efficient means of traveling over long distance.

B．Maglev trains are more reliable than short flight planes.

C．The travel to and from the airport is time-consuming.

D．Strip cities are cities which are short distance apart.

正确答案：B

解析：文中主要讲到在很近的城市之间旅行乘坐飞机既消耗时间又浪费能

源，而悬磁浮列车可以解决这一问题。可以说Maglev trains are more efficient than

short flight planes。而作者并没有说悬磁浮列车是否更reliable。

Pop stars today enjoy a style of living which was once the prerogative only

Royalty. Wherever they go, people turn out in their thousands to greet them. The

crowds go wild trying to catch a brief glimpse of their smiling, colorfully-dressed

idols. The stars are transported in their chauffeur driven Rolls-Royces, private

helicopters or executive aeroplanes. They are surrounded by a permanent entourage of

managers, press-agents and bodyguards. Photographs of them appear regularly in the

press and all their comings and goings are reported, for, like Royalty, pop stars are

news. If they enjoy many of the privileges Royalty, they certainly share many of the

inconveniences as well. It is dangerous for them to make unscheduled appearances in

public. They must be constantly shielded from the adoring crowds which idolize them.

They are no longer private dividable, but public property. The financial rewards they

receive for this sacrifice cannot be calculated, for their rates of pay are astronomical.

And why not? Society has always rewarded its top entertainers lavishly. The great

days of Hollywood have become legendary; famous stars enjoyed fame, wealth and

adulation(奉承)on an unprecedented scale. By today’ s standards, the excesses of

Hollywood do not seem quite so spectacular. A single gramophone record nowadays

may earn much more in penalties(版税)than the films of the past ever did. The

competition for the title “Top of the Pops” is fierce, but the rewards are truly colossal.

It is only right that the stars should be paid in this way. Don’ t the top men in industry

earn enormous salaries for the services they perform to their companies and their

countries? Pop stars earn vast sums in foreign currency—often more than large

industrial concerns—and the taxman can only be grateful for their massive annual

contributions to the exchequer. So who would begrudge them their rewards? It’ s

all very well for people in humdrum jobs to moan about the success and rewards of

others. People who make envious remarks should remember that the most famous

stars present only the tip of the iceberg. For every famous star, there are hundreds of

others ragging to earn a living. A man working in a steady job and looking forward to

a pension at the end of it has no right to expect very high rewards. He has chosen

security and peace of mind, so there will always be a limit to what he can earn. But a

man who attempts to become a star is taking enormous risks. He knows at the outset

that only a handful of expatiators ever get to the very top. He knows that years of

concentrated effort may be rewarded with complete failure. But he knows, too, that

the rewards for success are very high indeed; they are the recompense for the huge

risks involved and if he achieves them, he has certainly earned them. That’ s the

essence of private enterprise.

16． Why are Pop stars compared to Royalty in the passage?

A．Their life is as luxurious as that of Royalty.

B．Both are public property, admired, chased and focused by people.

C．Their way of living once belonged to Royalty.

D．They enjoy many of the privileges of Royalty.

正确答案：C

解析：文章第一句就点明明星们的生活方式一度只属于皇家贵族。第一段集

中谈了这些：他们无论走到哪里，成千上万的人们出来欢迎，发疯地要看一眼穿

着花哨的偶像的笑容。这些歌星坐着司机开动的Rolls—Royces汽车、私人直升

飞机、高级长官飞机到处走，永远围着一批经纪人、报界记者和保镖随从人员。

他们的照片定期登在报刊上，因为歌星像贵族一样是新闻人物。

17． What is the writer’ s attitude towards the incredible financial rewards Pop

stars receive?

A．Approval.

B．Disapproval.

C．Ironical.

D．Critical.

正确答案：A

解析：第一段最后一句：“他们为他们的牺牲所获取的报酬难以计算，支付

率惊人。”第二段一开始就点明“为什么不惊人?社会对高级表演者总是报酬丰

厚。”第三段更明确指出：应该这样支付星族，这完全正确。企业中的顶尖人物

因为他们为公司和国家所做的一切不也挣得高额工资?最后一段进一步说明：欲

成为星族的人冒着很大的风险，谁都知道只有一小撮人能成为顶尖人物，也可能

多年的努力以彻底失败而告终，而成功的报酬确实很高，这是对他们冒险的补偿。

这些内容都说明作者赞成巨额报酬。

18． In the passage, “the rewards are truly colossal”(underlined in Para. 3)refers

to the fact that

A．Hollywood famous stars enjoyed unsurpassed fame, wealth and adulation

B．an enormous amount of pay can be given to legendary film stars

C．a single record can earn exceedingly more than a Hollywood film did

D．what Pop stars today receive are as spectacular as Hollywood celebrities

正确答案：A

解析：文章第三段第二句讲到当今的明星名利双收，受人追捧，这就是他们

在激烈的竞争中获得的丰厚回报。

19． Which of the following can not justify Pop stars’ enormous pay?

A．The competition is fierce in climbing to the top.

B．The adoring crowds idolize Pop stars.

C．They give great entertainment to the public.

D．They contribute massively to a country’ s finances.

正确答案：B

解析：A项“往上爬的竞争很激烈”。因为有风险，所以报酬很丰厚。符合

最后一段的观点。C项“他们为大众提供娱乐”，第三段中写电影、唱片都有很

高的收益，因此这一项也是明星报酬丰厚的原因。D项“他们为国家经济贡献很

大”，根据第四段第三句“明星赚取大量外币”也可以看出这是明星报酬丰厚的

原因之一。只有C项不是其原因。

20． Different from people with a steady job, those who attempt to become pop

stars______.

A．know their efforts will be compensated one day

B．enjoy leading a life with fierce competition

C．face an insecure future of achieving nothing

D．expect success and high rewards for their life

正确答案：D

解析：文章最后一段写这些想成为明星的人都承担着风险，因为他们的努力

有可能没有回报。而他们又都明白如果成功的话，他们将得到很丰厚的报酬。A

项“知道他们的努力会得到补偿”。他们不确定会不会成功，会不会得到补偿。

B项“喜欢竞争激烈的生活”。文中没有提及。C项“面对一个一事无成的无法

保障的未来”。这只是一种可能。因此正确答案为D。