2024年4月12日发(作者：)

光解水制氢 无机半导体

英文回答：

Water splitting for hydrogen production using inorganic

semiconductors is a promising approach for renewable energy

generation. In this process, sunlight is used to excite

electrons in the semiconductor, which then participate in

the water oxidation reaction to produce oxygen gas. The

remaining protons are reduced to hydrogen gas at a separate

electrode.

One example of an inorganic semiconductor used for

water splitting is titanium dioxide (TiO2). TiO2 is a

widely studied material due to its excellent stability and

low cost. However, it has a large band gap, which limits

its absorption of visible light and therefore its

efficiency for solar water splitting. To overcome this

limitation, researchers have explored various strategies,

such as doping TiO2 with transition metals or coupling it

with other semiconductors to form heterojunctions.

Another example is bismuth vanadate (BiVO4), which has

a narrower band gap compared to TiO2 and can absorb a

broader range of visible light. BiVO4 has been extensively

investigated for its potential in solar water splitting.

However, it suffers from poor charge carrier mobility and

stability issues. To address these challenges, researchers

have developed methods to enhance the charge carrier

transport and stability of BiVO4, such as surface

modification and doping.

In addition to these inorganic semiconductors, there

are also organic semiconductors that have been explored for

water splitting. For example, conjugated polymers, such as

polythiophenes and polypyridines, have shown promising

results for photocatalytic water splitting. These materials

have tunable band gaps and good charge transport properties,

making them attractive for solar water splitting

applications.

Overall, the development of inorganic and organic

semiconductors for water splitting is an active area of

research. By optimizing the properties of these materials

and exploring new strategies, we can improve the efficiency

and stability of solar water splitting systems, bringing us

closer to a sustainable and renewable hydrogen economy.

中文回答：

光解水制氢利用无机半导体是一种可行的可再生能源发电方法。

在这个过程中，太阳光被用来激发半导体中的电子，这些电子参与

水的氧化反应产生氧气。剩下的质子在另一个电极上还原成氢气。

一个用于光解水的无机半导体的例子是二氧化钛（TiO2）。由

于其良好的稳定性和低成本，TiO2是一个被广泛研究的材料。然而，

它具有较大的带隙，限制了其对可见光的吸收能力，从而限制了其

太阳能光解水的效率。为了克服这一限制，研究人员探索了各种策

略，如用过渡金属掺杂TiO2或将其与其他半导体形成异质结。

另一个例子是钒酸铋（BiVO4），它与TiO2相比具有较窄的带

隙，可以吸收更广泛的可见光。BiVO4已经被广泛研究其在太阳能

光解水中的潜力。然而，它存在着载流子迁移能力差和稳定性问题。

为了解决这些挑战，研究人员开发了提高BiVO4载流子传输和稳定

性的方法，如表面修饰和掺杂。

除了这些无机半导体，还有一些有机半导体也被用于光解水。

例如，共轭聚合物，如聚噻吩和聚吡啶，已经显示出在光催化水分

解中的良好效果。这些材料具有可调谐的带隙和良好的载流子传输

性能，使其成为太阳能光解水应用的有吸引力的选择。

总的来说，无机和有机半导体在光解水领域的研究是一个活跃

的领域。通过优化这些材料的性质和探索新的策略，我们可以提高

太阳能光解水系统的效率和稳定性，从而更接近可持续和可再生的

氢能经济。