2024年4月12日发(作者：)

2021-2022年贵州省贵阳市大学英语6级大

学英语六级真题一卷(含答案)

学校:________ 班级:________ 姓名:________ 考号:________

一、g Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)(20题)

1.

As local temperatures fluctuate naturally, it is not right to say that the Earth is

becoming hotter.

A.Y B.N

Embarrassing Pharmaceutical Industry

The image of drug industry

The drug industry's image problems are beginning to hurt pharmaceutical

companies where it matters most-- at the bottom line.

A year after Merck's withdrawal of its arthritis medicine Vioxx led to an

industry wide credibility crisis, the Food and Drug Administration is blocking

new medicines that might previously have passed muster. Doctors are writing

fewer prescriptions for antidepressants and other drugs whose safety has been

challenged, like hormone replacement therapies for women in menopause.

Meanwhile, insurers and some states are taking advantage of the backlash

against the industry to try shifting patients to older, generic drugs, arguing that

they work as well as newer and more expensive branded medicines. Overall,

prescriptions continue to rise slightly, but an increasing share of prescriptions

are going to generic drugs. Also, consumers seem to be less responsive to

aggressive drug marketing.

The industry lost trust

"A lot of the demand that the industry has created over the years has been

through promotion, and for that promotion to be effective, there has to be

trust," said Richard Evans, an analyst covering drug stocks at Sanford C.

Bernstein and Company. "That trust has been lost."

In the background, new competitors are forcing the old-line drug giants to

struggle to keep pace. Biotechnology companies like Genentech are taking

the lead in finding new treatments for cancer, a promising and lucrative field.

Executives of the major drug companies say they expect public scrutiny in the

wake of problems with Vioxx and other drugs. But they say they are

concerned that consumer mistrust has led to unrealistic expectations about

drug safety and risks, stunting the development of new medicines.

"I think there is an overall unreasonable expectation right now that there is

such a thing as a risk free drug," said Sidney Taurel, chief executive of Eli

Lilly & Company.

The major drug makers remain highly profitable. But at some, including

Pfizer and Merck, the largest and third-largest American companies in terms

of revenue, sales are stagnant and profits are failing, leading to layoffs and--

for the first time in years-- cuts in research budgets. The drug industry, which

is dominated by companies based in this country, is hardly in a full-blown

crisis, and layoffs are occurring mainly on the margins of its work force.

Pfizer alone will make about ＄ 8 billion in profit this year, on sales of about

＄ 51 billion, and invest more than ＄ 7 billion in research and development

although the company's research spending fell 6 percent in the third quarter

of 2005 compared with the same period in 2004, and Pfizer expects it to stay

flat or decline in the coming years. Overall, the industry spends more than

＄ 30 billion annually on research and development.

But for the companies, and for patients who are counting on industry research

to produce new treatments for diseases like rheumatoid arthritis and diabetes,

these are trying times. Wall Street has also taken notice of the industry's woes.

Shares of Pfizer are near their lowest levels since 1997, closing Friday at

＄ 22.43, and a broad index of drug stocks has fallen 25 percent in five years.

In contrast, shares of biotechnology companies are soaring.

Without new drugs to promote as patents expire, and with the bar set so high

by the blockbusters of the last decade, the old-line companies have depended

on stopgap measures to protect sales, like reformulating existing drugs so they

can be taken once a week instead of once daily. At the same time, they have

used consumer advertising to drive patient demand. But those strategies

appear to be losing their effectiveness, as consumers become more skeptical

and insurers rebel against high prices for drugs that are not

A.Y B.N

3.

Without the prenuptial talk, it' s not likely that couples have an actual plan for

their lives together.

A.Y B.N

4.

There is no public charging stations because ______.

building cost is pretty high.

would like to charge at home.

takes long time to finish the charging.

in public stations cost long time.

5. According the race rules, dogs for race must have ______.

6.

What kind of change did World War I1 bring to the theatres?

putting forward of dinner.

costume of the performance.

time of the performance.

restaurants nearly offer different food.

7.

According to the passage, land can be polluted by ______ from agriculture.

metals

ides and nitrate-poor fertilizers

from livestock

h

8.

The old values and attitudes imparted into the young Chinese Americans

effectively help prevent______.

9.

To trade with the third world is mainly because that it is full of natural

resources.

A.Y B.N

10.

Cable television had developed technology that allowed them to add more

programming to cable service in ______.

the early 1990s

the late 1970s

the early 1950s

the early 1940s

11.

It is advised to be subtle when parents step in to the principal about the bullies

because ______.

12.

Now cohabitation normally happens before marriage.

A.Y B.N

13.

Organic agriculture has become a big industry as more and more farmers are

switching to it.

A.Y B.N

14.

A nonviolent offender can choose ______.

15.

Trust is a matter of ______ rather than of technique.

16.

About the buzzing prodigies, people argue ______.

Earthquakes Work

An earthquake is one of the most terrifying phenomena that nature can dish

up. We generally think of the ground we stand on as "rock-solid" and

completely stable. But an earthquake can shatter that perception instantly. Up

until relatively recently, scientists only had unsubstantiated guesses as to what

actually caused earthquakes. Even today there is still a certain amount of

mystery surrounding them, but scientists have a much clearer understanding.

There has been enormous progress in the past century: Scientists have

identified the forces that cause earthquakes, and developed technology that

can tell us an earthquake's magnitude and origin. The next hurdle is to find a

way of predicting earthquakes.

Shaking Ground

An earthquake is a vibration that travels through the earth's crust. Technically,

a large truck that rumbles down the street is causing a mini-earthquake, if you

feel your house shaking as it goes by, but we tend to think of earthquakes as

events that affect a fairly large area, such as an entire city. All kinds of things

can cause earthquakes:

-volcanic eruptions

-meteor(流星) impacts

-underground explosions (an underground nuclear test, for example)

-collapsing structures (such as a collapsing mine)

But the majority of naturally-occurring earthquakes are caused by movements

of the earth's plates, as we'll see in the next section.

We only hear about earthquakes in the news every once in a while, but they

are actually an everyday occurrence on our planet. According to the United

States Geological Survey, more than three million earthquakes occur every

year. That's about 8000 a day, or one every 11 seconds! The vast majority of

these 3 million quakes are extremely weak.

Sliding Plates

The biggest scientific breakthrough in the history of seismology(地震学)—

the study of earthquakes came in the middle of the 20th century, with the

development of the theory of plate tectonics(板块构造). The basic theory is

that the surface layer of the earth—the lithosphere—is comprised of many

plates that slide over the lubricating mantle(地幔) layer. At the boundaries

between these huge plates of soil and rock, three different things can happen:

-Plates can move apart—If two plates are moving apart from each other, hot,

molten rock flows up from the layers of mantle below the lithosphere.

-Plates can push together—If the two plates are moving toward each other,

one plate typically pushes under the other one. At some boundaries where two

plates meet, neither plate is in a position to subduct under the other, so they

both push against each other to form. mountains.

-Plates slide against each other—At other boundaries, plates simply slide by

each other—they are pushed tightly together. A great deal of tension builds at

the boundary.

Where these plates meet, you'll find faults—breaks in the earth's crust where

the blocks of rock on each side are moving in different directions. Earthquakes

are much more common along fault lines than they are anywhere else on the

planet.

Faults

Scientists identify four types of faults, characterized by the position of the

fault plane, the break in the rock and the movement of the two rock blocks:

-In a normal fault (see animation below), the fault plane is nearly vertical.

These faults occur where the crust is being pulled apart, due to the pull of a

divergent plate boundary.

-The fault plane in a reverse fault is also nearly vertical, but the hanging wall

pushes up and the footwall pushes down. This sort of fault forms where a plate

is being compressed.

-A thrust fault moves the same way as a reverse fault, but the fault line is

nearly horizontal. This is the sort of fault that occurs in a converging plate

boundary.

-In

A.Y B.N

18.

Bipolar disorder is characterized by cycling mood changes. Mostly, such

changes are gradual.

A.Y B.N

19.

When GM tomatoes first entered British supermarket, it caused a sensation to

the whole immediately.

A.Y B.N

20.

No matter what the hostage situation is like, the principle of negotiating is to

work the hostage-takers into a ______.

二、ing Comprehension(20题)

21.(19)

made it himself.

had a carpenter make it.

bought it a long time ago.

had an old one re-made.

22.(46)

23.(21)

believes that flashy robes attract greater attention.

believes that flashy robes go well with boxing matches.

wants to send a message to the spectators saying he can fight though

he's 40.

believes that the spectators love to see him dressed in flashy robes.

24.(26)

the subjects that could be used in society are important.

subjects could be irrelevant so long.

should be more classes on social studies.

should be no exams in subjects of social studies.

25.

【B9】

26.听力原文： As a tradition, workers in companies are always required to

wear suits and fie, but according to a senior government official, Thailand is

to ask workers to stop wearing suits as part of the country ' s latest measure to

conserve energy. This is the idea of the new government, because Thailand is

a tropical country and air-conditioners have been used very commonly, which

consume a large amount of energy, but if the workers turned up in shirt sleeves,

they wouldn't need air-conditioners turned up so high. At its weekly meeting,

the cabinet passed a resolution asking all public servants not to wear jackets

and urging private employees to do the same. This has already been practised

by the government. At a re cent meeting, only four of six air-conditioners in

the cabinet room had been turned on. One of the government officials says,

"Initially it was not hot in the room, but if a meeting lasts a long time, the

temperature might need to be lowered a bit."

(31)

Fashion in Thailand.

to Use Air-conditioner wisely.

C.A New Way to Save Energy.

-conditioner in Thailand.

27.(15)

the man will not be able to sleep.

someone will enter the back door while the man is sleeping.

the lock on the door will break.

the man will not be able to come back.

28.(32)

are not as dangerous as people think.

can be as friendly to humans as dogs.

attack human beings by nature.

are really tame sea animals.

29.听力原文：W: I can't believe it! I finally found the perfect sofa and it's out

of stock. It'll take weeks to deliver.

M: Does that really matter? You've already waited this long.

Q: What does the man imply the woman should do?

(19)

the problem to the store manager.

to another furniture store.

the sofa she wants.

ne making a decision about the sofa.

30.听力原文：W: Tim, I hate to tell you this, but we're caught in a budget

crunch, and we must lay you off. I'm sorry.

M: I understand. I've enjoyed my time here, and I'm confident I can find

something else.

Q: What is the man's response?

(15)

is upset.

flies into a rage.

is only too glad to go.

is sure of his future.

31.(38)

32.

【B5】

33.听力原文：W：The charity appeal raised only half of what it expected．

M：One quarter of a million is respectable，however．

Q：How much money did they expect to raise?

(14)

A.＄1 million. B.＄1/4 million. C.＄1/2 million. D.＄2 million.

34.听力原文：M: I don't know why I married you. The house is always dirty.

The children are ignorant, and I never have any clean clothes to wear.

W: I never promised to do any of those things. You should have gotten the girl

back home and not a famous model like me.

Q: Who is the man talking to?

(15)

teacher. maid. C.A famous model. wife.

35.听力原文：W: I can't get over the way you treated me at our own dinner

table.

M: I was irritated at something else. I said I was sorry. Do we have to go

through all that again?

Q: What happened to the woman the other day?

(19)

was hurt by the man.

lost her temper.

didn't speak to her husband.

missed the dinner party.

n B

Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each

passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions

will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best

answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D.

听力原文： Many teachers believe that the responsibility for learning lies

with the students. If a long reading assignment is given, instructors expect

students to be familiar with the information in the reading even if they do not

discuss it in class or on a given examination. The ideal student is considered

to be one who is motivated to learn for the sake of learning, not the one

interested only in getting high marks.

When research is assigned, the professor expects the student to take the

initiative and to complete the assignment with minimal guidance. It is the

student's responsibility to find books, periodicals, and articles in the library.

Professors do not have the time to explain how a university library works;

they expect students, particularly graduate students, to be able to exhaust the

reference sources in the library.

Professors will help students who need them, but prefer that their students not

be overly depend on them. In the United States, professors have other duties

besides teaching. Often they are responsible for administrative work within

their departments. In addition, they may be obliged to publish articles and

books. Therefore, the time a professor can spend with a student outside of

class is limited. If a student has problems with classroom work, the student

should either approach a professor during office hours or make an

appointment.

(27)

the completion of required assignments.

passing given examinations.

the good of gaining knowledge.

the sake of high grades.

37.听力原文：W：Why is she talking so loudly?

M：I think she is hard of hearing.

Q：Why is the woman mentioned speaking so loudly?

(18)

is too noisy.

enjoys speaking loudly.

is very angry.

is deaf.

38.(29)

had three brothers.

was the first leader of the women's liberation movement in America.

did a lot of writing in support of equal rights for women.

came to be aware of the inequality before studying in college.

39.(47)

40.(22)

ive.

lower.

ne could achieve scholarship.

ts' parents don't have to be rich.

三、g Comprehension (Reading in Depth)(20题)

n A

Directions: In this section, there is a short passage with 5 questions or

incomplete statements. Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions

or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.

Let's now briefly consider a generally honored but sometimes maligned (有

坏影响的) type of scientist, the theorist. Theorists are considered separately,

since they are the rarest, most fascinating, and most important of the species

Scientificus. Their motivational system most often is that of the Player,

although occasionally it is that of the Operator.

Although theorists are often viewed as cold, rational, deliberate machines,

they are generally almost the opposite of this popular picture. They are usually

individuals of strong feelings who have the ego (自我) of actors and an

irrational, almost mystic attachment to particular views of their discipline.

The appearance of cool deliberation is their public face, which often

represents only their disdain (轻蔑) for contact with the spectators.

There are important occupational differences between theorists and other

scientists. Theorists set the framework within which others do their research.

Those other than the theorists do the important work of filling in details of

existing theories. Non-theorists fulfill a relatively safe and useful function.

Their work contributes to science but does not threaten the individual scientist

unless he or she happens to accumulate evidence contrary to the status quo.

What is the general personality makeup of theorists? Are they normal,

neurotic, or even psychotic? They rarely fit the pattern of middle-class

normality, and yet they are intensely in touch with their own reality. Perhaps

they don't fit any of the usual categories. George Bernard Shaw once said,

"The reasonable man adapts himself to the world; the unreasonable one

persists in trying to adapt the world to himself. Therefore, all progress

depends on the unreasonable man." Perhaps his message was to tolerate the

dissenters (反对者), the faddists, the kooks (狂人), and in general those who

disagree with what we know are right so long as they don't become too violent.

Tolerate them, not out of any sense of humanity but for crass self-interest. A

few of them are innovators, and society needs them infinitely more than they

need society.

In reviewing all the group of scientists and science-trained individuals we

have encountered, we find a range of individuals spread over the whole

spectrum of human behavior. but with some important common

characteristics. Scientists are neither supermen nor naive children. They are

not foggily absent-minded or unrealistic; rather, many of the things they

consider important and real are often quite different from those of the

"everyday" world.

By describing theorists as cold, rational, deliberate machines, the author

intends to imply that theorists are actually individuals of______.

42. What may borrowers suffer from the violent movements in exchange rates?

43.

Many countries are shocked to find that______.

ing countries are confronting a serious drug problem

problem has become more serious than ever

trafficking gangs are often allied with terrorists

abuse is undermining their government

44.

What is the main difference between an electronic book and a LCD screen?

onic ink.

portability they come to.

convenience they make.

content they store.

many people are suffering from labor market problems? This is one

of the most critical yet contentious social policy questions: In many ways, our

social statistics exaggerate the degree of hardship. Unemployment does not

have the same dire (可怕的) consequences today as it did in the 1930s when

most of the unemployed were primary breadwinners, when income and

earnings ware usually much closer to the margin of subsistence, and when

there were no countervailing social programs for those failing in the labor

market. Increasing affluence, the rise of families with more than one wage

earner, the growing predominance of secondary earners among the

unemployed, and improved social welfare protection have unquestionably

mitigated(减轻) the consequences of joblessness. Earnings and income data

also overstate the dimensions of hardship. Among the millions with hourly

earnings at or below the minimum wage level, the overwhelming majority is

from multiple earners, relatively affluent families. Most of those counted by

the poverty statistics are elderly or handicapped or have family

responsibilities which keep them out of the labor force, so the poverty

statistics are by no means an accurate indicator of labor market pathologies.

Yet there are also many ways our social statistics underestimate the degree of

labor-market-related hardship. The unemployment counts exclude millions of

fully employed workers whose wages arc so low that their families remain in

poverty. Low wages and repeated or prolonged unemployment frequently

internet to undermine the capacity for self-support. Since the number

experiencing joblessness at some time during the year is several times the

number unemployed in any month, those who suffer as a result of forced

idleness can equal or exceed average annual unemployment, even though only

a minority of the jobless in any month really suffers. For every person counted

in the monthly unemployment tallies, there is another part-time working

because of the inability Io find fulltime work, or else outside the labor force

but wanting a job. Finally, income transfers in our country have always

focused on the elderly, disabled, and dependent, neglecting the needs of the

working poor, so that the dramatic expansion of cash and in kind transfers

does not necessarily mean that those failings in the labor market are

adequately protected.

As a result of such contradictory evidence, it is uncertain whether those

suffering seriously as a result of labor market problems number in the

hundreds of thousands or the tens of millions, and, hence, whether high levels

of joblessness can be tolerated or must be countered by job creation and

economic stimulus. There is only one area of agreement in this debate----that

the existing poverty, employment, and earnings statistics are inadequate for

one of their primary applications, measuring the consequences of labor

market problems.

Which of the following docs "labor market problems" (Line 1, Para. 1) refer

to?

ge of jobs providing adequate income.

encies in the training of the work force.

relationships among producers of goods.

overall causes of poverty.

46.

It is clear from the passage that the author advocates ______.

natural development of children's intelligence

intervention in children's intellectual growth

ing enough day-care centers for children of working mothers

ing poor mothers of the opportunities to raise their children at home

47.

We can infer from the passage that______.

is little difference between specialization and professionalisation

rs can compete with professionals in some areas of science

rs have national academic societies but no local ones

sionals welcome amateurs into the scientific community

48. Advertisements are aimed at people suffering from mild complaints

because ______.

often watch ads on TV

are more likely to buy the drugs advertised

generally lead a sedentary life

don't take to sports and easily catch colds

49.

Nowadays the bosses can ask the workers to take the polygraph tests only

under the condition that ______.

n A

Directions: In this section, there is a short passage with 5 questions or

incomplete statements. Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions

or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.

Students who score high in achievement needs tend to make higher grades in

college than those who score low. When degree aptitude for college work, as

indicated by College Entrance Examination Board Tests, is held constant,

engineering students who score high in achievement needs tend to make

higher grades in college than the aptitude test scores would indicate.

We can define this need as the habitual desire to do useful work well. It is a

salient influence characteristic of those who need little supervision. Their

desire for accomplishment is a stronger motivation than any stimulation the

supervisor can provide. Individuals who function in terms of this drive do not

"bluff" in regard to a job that they fail to do well.

Some employees have a strong drive for success in their work; others are

satisfied when they make a living. Those who want to feel that they are

successful have high aspiration for themselves. Thoughts concerning the

achievement drive are often prominent in the evaluations made by the typical

employment interviewer who interviews college seniors for executive

training. He wants to find out whether the senior has a strong drive to get

ahead or merely to hold a job. Research indicates that some who do get ahead

have an even stronger drive to avoid failure.

What is the main subject of this passage?

51.

Many companies hesitate to use the Web because ______.

cal flaws of Internet make it impossible to run business online

efficiently

in silicon costs lots of money

ers are usually annoyed by the "push" strategy

people just do not regard network as reliable pathway for business