2024年4月12日发(作者：)

英语阅读理解一：

Researchers in the field of psychology have found that one of the best

ways to make an important decision, such as choosing a university to attend

or a business to invest in, involves the utilization of a decision

worksheet. Psychologists who study optimization compare the actual

decisions made by people to theoretical ideal decisions to see how similar

they are. Proponents of the worksheet procedure believe that it will yield

optimal, that is, the best decisions. Although there are several

variations on the exact format that worksheets can take, they are all

similar in their essential aspects. Worksheets require defining the

problem in a clear and concise way and then listing all possible solutions

to the problem. Next, the pertinent considerations that will be affected

by each decision are listed, and the relative importance of each

consideration or consequence is determined. Each consideration is

assigned a numerical value to reflect its relative importance. A decision

is mathematically calculated by adding these values together.

The alternative with the highest number of points emerges as the best

decision.

Since most important problems are multifaceted, there are several

alternatives to choose from, each with unique advantages and

disadvantages. One of the benefits of a pencil and paper decision-making

procedure is that it permits people to deal with more variables than their

minds can generally comprehend and remember. On the average, people can

keep about seven ideas in their minds at once. A worksheet can be

especially useful when the decision involves a large number of variables

with complex relationships. A realistic example for many college students

is the question "What will I do after graduation?" A graduate might seek

a position that offers specialized training, pursue an advanced degree,

or travel abroad for a year.

A decision-making worksheet begins with a succinct statement of the

problem that will also help to narrow it. It is important to be clear about

the distinction between long-range and immediate goals because long-range

goals often involve a different decision than short-range ones.

Focusing on long-range goals, a graduating student might revise the

question above to "What will I do after graduation that will lead to

successful career?"

托福阅读题目：

1. What does the passage mainly discuss?

(A)A tool to assist in making complex decisions.

(B)A comparison of actual decisions and ideal decisions

(C) Research on how people make decisions

(D) Differences between long-range and short-range decision making

2. The word "essential" in line 7 is closest in meaning to

(A) introductory

(B) changeable

(C) beneficial

(D) fundamental

3. The word "pertinent" in line 9 is closest in meaning to

(A) relevant

(B) preceding

(C) insightful

(D) responsive

4. Of the following steps, which occurs before the others in making a

decision worksheet?

(A) Listing the consequences of each solution

(B) Calculating a numerical summary of each solution

(C) Deciding which consequences are most important

(D) Writing down all possible solutions

ing to decision-worksheet theory, an optimal decision is defined

as one that

(A) has the fewest variables to consider

(B) uses the most decision worksheets

(C) has the most points assigned to it

(D) is agreed to by the greatest number of people

6. The author develops the discussion in paragraph 1 by means of

(A) describing a process

(B) classifying types of worksheets