2024年4月11日发(作者：)

2018年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语真题

(总分70,考试时间180分钟)

Part Ⅰ Vocabulary

Section A

Direction: In this section, all the sentences are incomplete. Four words or

phrases marked A, B, C and D are given beneath each of them. You are to choose

the word or phrase that **pletes the sentence, then mark your answer on the

ANSWER SHEET

1. The medical team discussed their shared ________ to eliminating this curable

disease.

A. obedience

B. susceptibility

C. inclination

D. dedication

2. Many of us are taught from an early age that the grown-up response to pain,

weakness, or emotional ________is to ignore it, to tough it out.

A. turmoil

B. rebellion

C. temptation

D. relaxation

3. Those depressed kids seem to care little about others,

________communication and indulge in their own worlds.

A. put down

B. shut down

C. settle down

D. break down

4. The school board attached great emphasis to ________in students a sense of

modesty and a sense of community.

A. diluting

B. inspecting

C. instilling

D. disillusioning

5. Our brain is very good at filtering out sensory information that is not

________to what we need to be attending to.

A. pertinent

B. permanent

C. precedent

D. prominent

6. New studies have found a rather ________ correlation between the presence

of small particles and both obesity and diabetes.

A. collaborating

B. comprehending

C. compromising

D. convincing

7. We must test our ________ about what to include in the emulation and at

what level in detail.

A. intelligence

B. imitations

C. hypothesis

D. precautions

8. We must ________ the problem ________ , which is why our **bines both brain

structure and function measurements at large scale and high resolution.

A. set….back

B. take…over

C. pull….in

D. break…down

9. Asthma patient doesn’t need continuous treatment because his

symptoms are ________rather than persistent.

A. intermittent

B. precedent

C. dominant

D. prevalent

10. It is simply a fantastic imagination to ________that one can master a foreign

language overnight.

A. conceive

B. conceal

C. convert

D. conform

Section B

Directions: Each of the following sentences has a word or phrase underlined.

There are four words or phrases beneath each sentence. Choose the word or

phrase which can best keep the meaning of the original sentence if it is substituted

for the underlined part. Mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.

11. The **petent physician is the one who sits down, senses the

“mystery” of another human beings, and offers the simple gifts of

personal interest and understanding.

A. imaginable

B. capable

C. sensible

D. humble

12. The physician often perceived that treatment was initiated by the patient.

A. conserved

B. theorized

C. realized

D. persisted

13. **munity meals might have served to lubricate social connections and

alleviate tensions.

A. facilitate

B. intimidate

C. terminate

D. mediate

14. Catalase activity reduced glutathione and Vitamin E levels were decreased

exclusively in subject with active disease.

A. definitely

B. truly

C. simply

D. solely

15. Ocular anomalies were frequently observed in this cohort of offspring born

after in vitro fertilization.

A. fetuses

B. descendants

C. seeds

D. orphans

16. Childhood poverty should be regarded as the single greatest public health

menace facing our children

A. breach

B. grief

C. threat

D. abuse

17. A distant dream would be to deliberately set off quakes to release tectonic

stress in a controlled way.

A. definitely

B. desperately

C. intentionally

D. identically

18. Big challenges still **panies converting carbon dioxide to petrol.

A. applying

B. relating

C. relaying

D. transforming

19. Concerns have recently been voiced that the drugs elicit unexpected

cognitive side effects, such as memory loss, fuzzy thinking and learning difficulties.

A. ensue

B. encounter

C. impede

D. induce

20. The applications of genetic engineering are abundant and choosing one

appropriate for this case can be rather difficult.

A. sufficient

B. plentiful

C. adequate

D. countable

Part Ⅱ Cloze

Directions: In this section there is a passage with ten numbered blanks. For

each blank, there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer

and mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET

The same benefits and drawbacks are found when using CT scanning to detect

lung cancer — the three-dimensional imaging improves detection of

disease but creates hundreds of images that increase a radiologist’s

workload, which, 【A1】, can result in missed positive chers at

University of Chicago Pritizker School of Medicine presented 【A2】 data on a CAD

(computer-aided diagnosis) program they’ve designed that helps

radiologist spot lung cancer 【A3】 CT scanning. Their study was 【A4】by the NIH

and the the study, CAD was applied to 32 low-dose CT scanning with a

total of 50 lung nodules, 38 of which were biopsy-confirmed lung cancer that were

not found during initial clinical exam. 【A5】 the 38 missed cancers, 15 were the

result of interpretation error (identifying an image but 【A6】 it as noncancerous)

and 23 【A7】 observational error (not identifying the cancerous image).CAD found

32 of the 38 previously missed cancers (84% sensitivity), with false-positive 【A8】

of 1.6 per gh CAD improved detection of lung cancer, it

won’t replace radiologists, said Sgmuel G. Armato PhD, lead author of the

study. “**puter is not perfect”, Armato said, “it will miss

some cancers and call some things cancer that 【A9】. The radiologists can identify

normal anatomy that **puter may 【A10】 something suspicious. It’s sort of

a spell-checker, or a second opinion.”

21. 【A1】

A. in common

B. in turn

C. in one

D. in all

22. 【A2】

A. preliminary

B. considerate

C. deliberate

D. ordinary

23. 【A3】

A. being used

B. to use

C. using

D. use

24. 【A4】

A. investigated

B. originated

C. founded

D. funded

25. 【A5】

A. From B. Amid

C. Of D. In

26. 【A6】

A. disseminating

B. degenerating

C. dismissing

D. deceiving

27. 【A7】

A. were mistaken for

B. were attributed to

C. resulted in

D. gave way to

28. 【A8】

A. mortalities

B. incidences

C. images

D. rates

29. 【A9】

A. don’t

B. won’t

C. aren’t

D. wasn’t

30. 【A10】

A. stand for

B. search for

C. account for

D. mistake for

Part Ⅲ Reading Comprehension

Directions: In this part there are six passages, each of which is followed by five

each question there are four possible answers marked A, B, C and D.

Choose the best answer and mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET.

Passage OneWhen Tony Wagner, the Harvard education specialist, describes

his job today, he says he’s “a translator between two hostile

tribes” — the education world and the business world, the people

who teach our kids and the people who give them jobs. Wagner’s

argument in his book Creating Innovators: The Making of Young People Who Will

Change the World is that our K-12 and college tracks are not consistently

“adding the value and teaching the skills that matter most in the

marketplace”.This is dangerous at a time when there is increasingly no such

things as a high-wage, middle-skilled job — the thing that sustained the

middle class in the last generation. Now, there is only a high-wage, high-skilled job.

Every middle-class job today is being pulled up, out or down faster than ever. That

is, it either requires more skill or can be done by more people around the world or

is being buried — made obsolete — faster than ever. Which is why

the goal of education today, argues Wagner, should not be to make every child

“college ready” but “innovation ready” —

ready to add value to whatever they is a tall task. I tracked Wagner down

and asked him to elaborate. “Today,” he said via e-mail,

“because knowledge is available on every Internet-connected device, what

you know matters far less than what you can do with what you know. The capacity

to innovate — the ability to solve problems creatively or bring new

possibilities to life — and skills like critical thinking, communication and

collaboration are far more important than academic knowledge. As one executive

told me, “We can teach new hires the content. And we will have to because

it continues to change, but we can’t teach them how to think — to

ask the right questions — and to take initiative.”My generation had

it easy. We got to “find” a job. But, more than ever, our kids will have

to “invent” a job. Sure, the lucky ones will find their first job, but,

given the pace of change today, even they will have to reinvent, re-engineer and

reimagine that job much often than their parents if they want to advance in

it.“Finland is one of the most innovative economies in the world,”

Wagner said, “and it is the only country where students leave high school

“innovation-ready”. They learn concepts and creativity more than

facts, and have a choice of many electives — all with a shorter school day,

little homework, and almost no testing. There are a growing number of

“reinvented” colleges like the Olin College of Engineering, the M.I.T.

Media Lab and the ‘D-school’ Stanford where students learn to

innovate.”

31. In his book, Wagner argues that ________.

A. the education world is hostile to our kids

B. the business world is hostile to those seeking jobs

C. the business world is too demanding on the education world

D. the education world should teach what the marketplace demands

32. What does the “tall task” refer to in the third paragraph?

A. Sustaining the middle class.

B. Saving high-wage, middle-skilled jobs.

C. Shifting from “college ready” to “innovation ready”.

D. Preventing middle-class jobs from becoming obsolete fast.

33. What is mainly expressed in Wagner’s e-mail?

A. New hires should be taught the content rather than the ways of thinking.

B. Knowledge is more readily available on Internet-connected devices.

C. Academic knowledge is still the most important to teach.

D. Creativity and skills matter more than knowledge.

34. What is implied in the fourth paragraph?

A. Jobs favor the lucky ones in every generation.

B. Jobs changed slowly in the author’s generation.

C. The author’s generation led an easier life than their kids.

D. It was easy for the author’s generation to find their first jobs.

35. What is the purpose of the last paragraph?

A. To orient future education.

B. To exemplify the necessary shift in education.

C. To draw a conclusion about the shift in education.

D. To criticize some colleges for their practices in education.

Passage TwoSkilled clinical history-taking and physical examination remain

essential as the basis of the disease diagnosis and management, aided by

investigations such as radiological or biochemical tests. Technological advances

over the past few decades mean that such investigations now can be refined, or

even replaced in some cases, by the measurement of genetic or genomic

biomarkers. The molecular characteristics of a disorder or the genetic make-up of

an individual can fine tune a diagnosis and inform its management. These new

capabilities, often termed “stratified（分层的）,” or

“personalized” medicine, are likely to have profound effect on the

practice of medicine and service c medicine, which uses genetic or

genomic biomarkers in this way, has, until recently, been the province of a small

minority of specialized physicians who have used it to diagnose or assess risk of

inherited disease. Recognition that most disease has a genetic&**ponent, the

development and application of new genetic tests to identify important disease

subsets and the availability of cost-effective interventions mean that genetic

medicine must be integrated more widely across healthcare services. In order to

optimize benefit equitably across the population, physicians and services need to

be ready to change and adapt to new ways of s the greatest

challenge is to ensure the readiness of physicians to use these genomic

technologies for maximum effect, so that genetic medicine is incorporated into

mainstream specialties. For some clinicians, particularly those involved in clinical

research, these advances are already a reality. However, a sizable majority do not

yet recognize the relevance of genetics for their clinical practice, perceiving

genetic conditions to be rare and untreatable. Maximizing genomic opportunities

also means being aware of their limitations, media portrayals that indicate that

genetic information gives clear-cut answers are often unrealistic. Indeed, knowing

one’s entire genomic sequence is not the crystal ball of our future that

many hope it to be, and physicians will need to be more familiar with what is hype

（鼓吹） and what is reality for the integration of genetics into mainstream

medicine to be successful. Finally, both professional and the public should

have a realistic view of what is possible. Although the discovery of genetic risk

factors in common diseases such as heart disease and cancer has led to important

insights about disease mechanisms, the predictive power of individual genetic

variants is often very low. Developments in bioinformatics will need to evolve

considerably before the identification of a **bination of genetic variants in an

individual will have clinical utility for them.