2024年4月11日发(作者：)

2021年考研《英语一》真题(文字版)

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Section 1 Use of English

Directious:

Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank

and mark A,B,C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)

In Cambodia, the choice of a souse is a complex one for the young male. It

may involve not only his parents and his friends, 1 those of the young woman, but

also a matchmaker.A young man 2 a likely spouse on his own and then ask his

parents to 3 the marriage negotiations, or the young man’s parents may make the

choice of a spouse, giving the child little to say in the selection. 4 , a girl may veto

the spouse her parents have chosen. 5 a spouse has been selected, each family

investigates the other to make sure its child is marrying 6 a good family.

The traditional wedding is a long and colorful affair. Formerly it lasted three

days, 7 by the 1980s it more commonly lasted a day and a half. Buddhist priests

offer a short sermon and 8 prayers of blessing. Parts of the ceremony involve ritual

hair cutting, 9 cotton threads soaked in holy water around the bride’s and groom’

s wrists, and 10 a candle around a circle of happily married and respected couples

to bless the 11 . Newlyweds traditionally move in with the wife’s parents and may

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12 with them up to a year, 13 they can bulid a new house nearby.

Divorce is legal and easy to 14 , but not common. Divorces persons are 15 with

some disapproval. Easch spouse retains 16 property he or she 17 into the marriage,

and jointly -acquired property is 18 equally. Divorced persons may remarry, but a

gender prejudice 19 up .The divorced male doesn't have a waiting period before

he can remarry 20 the woman must wait the months.

1.[A]by way of [B]with regard to [C]on behalf of [D]as well as

2.[A]decide on [B]provide for [C]compete with [D]adapt to

3.[A]close [B] arrange [C]renew [D]postpone

4.[A]In theory [B] Above all [C]In time [D]For example

5.[A]Unless [B] Lest [C]After [D]Although

6.[A]into [B] within [C]from [D]through

7.[A]or [B]since [C]but [D]so

8.[A] test [B]copy [C]recite [D]create

9.[A]folding [B]piling [C]wrapping [D]tying

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10.[A]passing [B]lighting [C]hiding [D]serving

11.[A]association [B]meeting [C]collection [D]union

12.[A]deal [B]part [C]grow [D]live

13.[A]whereas [B]until [C]for [D]if

14.[A]avoid [B]follow [C]challenge [D]obtain

15.[A]isolated [B]persuaded [C]viewed [D]exposed

16.[A]wherever [B]whatever [C]whenever [D]however

17.[A]changed [B]brought [C]shaped [D]pushed

18.[A]invested [B]divided [C]donated [D]withdrawn

19.[A]warms [B]clears [C]shows [D]breaks

20.[A]while [B]so that [C]once [D]in that

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Text1

France，which prides itself as the global innovator of fashion , has decided its

fashion industry has lost an absolute right to define physical beauty for women. Its

lawmakers gave preliminary approval last week to a law that would make it a crime

to employ ultra-thin models on runways . The parliament also agreed to ban

websites that “incite excessive thinness” by promoting extreme dieting.

Such measures have a couple of uplifting motives. They suggest beauty

should not be defined by looks that end up impinging on health. That’s a start

And the ban on ultra-thin models seems to go beyond protecting models from

starving themselves to death –as some have done. It tells the fashion industry that

it must take responsibility for the signal it sends women , especially teenage girls,

about the social tape-measure they must use to determine their individual worth.

The bans ,if fully enforced, would suggest to women (and many men) that they

should not let others be arbiters of their beauty. And perhaps faintly, they hint that

people should look to intangible qualities like character and intellect rather than

dieting their way to size zero or wasp-waist physiques.

The French measures, however, rely too much on severe punishment to

change a culture that still regards beauty as skin-deep-and bone-showing. Under

the law, using a fashion model that does not meet a govemment-defined index of

body mass could result in a $85,000 fine and six months in prison.

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The fashion industry knows it has an inherent problem in focusing on material

adornment and idealized body types. In Denmark, the United States, and a few

other countries, it is trying to set voluntary standards for models and fashion

images that rely more on peer pressure for enforcement.

In contrast to France’s actions, Denmark’s fashion industry agreed last month

on rules and sanctions regarding the age, health, and other characteristics of

models. The newly revised Danish Fashion Ethical Charter clearly states:”We aware

of and take responsibility for the impact the ideals, especially on young people”.

The charter’s main tool of enforcement is (CFW), which is run by the Danish

21. According to the first paragraph，what would happen in France?

【A】Physical beauty would be redefined.

【B】New runways would be constructed.

【C】Wcbsites about dieting would thrive.

【D】The fanshing industry would decline.

22. The phrase “impinging on”(Line 2，Para.2) is closest in meaning to

【A】heightening the value of.

【B】indicating the state of.

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【C】losing faith in.

【D】doing harm to.

23. Which of the following is true od the fashion industry?

【A】The French measures have already failed.

【B】New standrds are being set in Denmark.

【C】Models are no longer under peer pressure.

【D】Its inberent problerma are getting wotse.

24. A designer is most likely to be rejected by CFW for

[A] setting a high age threshold for models.

[B] caring too much about models’ character.

[C] showing little concern for health factors.

[D] pursuing perfect physical conditions.

of the following may be the best title of the text?

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[A] The Great Threats to the Fashion Industry.

[B] Just Another Round of Struggle for Beauty.

[C] A Dilemma for the Starving Models in France.

[D] A Challenge to the Fashion Industry’s Body Ideals.

Text 2

For the first time in history more people live in towns than in the country, In

Britain this has had a curious result. While polls show Britons rate”the countryside”

alongside the royal family,Shakespeare and the National Health Serivce (NHS) at

what makes them proudest of their country，this has limited political support.

A century ago Octavia Hill Launched the national trust not to rescue stylish

houses but to save “the beauty of natural places for everyone forever” It was

specifically to provide city dwellers with space for leisure where they could

experience“a refreshing air .”Hill is pressure later led to creation of national parks

and green belts. They don’t make countryside any more，and every year concrete

consumes more of it . it needs constant guardianship.

At the next election none of the big parties seem likely to endorse this

sentiment. The conservatives planning reform explicitly gives rural development

priority over conservation，even authorsing “off-plan”building where local people

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might object. The concept of sustainable development has been defined as

profitable. Labour likewise wants to discontinue local planning where councils

oppose development. The liberal democrats are silent. Only ukip, sensing its

chance,has sided with those pleading for a more considered approach to using

green Campaign to protect rural England struck terror into many local

conservative parties.

The sensible place to build new houses，factories and offices is where people

are，in cities and towns where infrastructure is in place. The London agents stirling

ackroyd recently identified enough sites for half a million houses in the London

area alone，with no intrusion on green is true of London is even truer of

the provinces.

The idea that”housing crisis ”equals “concreted meadows” is pure lobby

talk. The issue is not the need for more houses but,as always，where to put them.

Under lobby pressure，George Osboyne favours rural new-build against urban

renovation and renewal. He favours out-of-town,shopping sites against high

streets . this is not a free market but a biased one. Rural town and villages have

grown and will

26 Britain is public sentiment about the countryside

A has brought much benefit to the NHS

B didn’t start till the Shakespearean age

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C is fully backed by the royal family

D is not well reflected in politics

27 According to Paragraph 2，the achievements of the National Trust are now

being

A gradually destroyed

B effectively reinforced

C properly protected

D largely overshadowed

28 which of the following can be inferred from Paragraph 3?

A Ukip may gain from its support for rural conservation

B the conservatives may abandon ”off -plan“building

C the liberal democrats are losing political influence

D labour is under attack for opposing development

29 the author holds that George Osborne is preference

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A reveals a strong prejudice against urban areas

B shows his disregard for character of rural areas

C stresses the necessity of easing the housing crisis

D highlights his firm stand against lobby pressure

30 in the last paragraph，the author shows his appreciation of

A the size of population in Britain

B the enviable urban lifestyle in Britain

C the town-and-country planning in Britain

D the political life in today is Britain

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Text 3

“There is one and only one social responsibility of businesses,” Wrote Milton

Friedman, a Nobel prize-winning economist, “That is,to use its resources and

engage in activities designed to increase its profit”. But even if you accept

Firedman’s premise and regard corporate social responsibility (CSR) policies as

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waste of shareholders’ money, things may not be absolutely clear-cut. New

research suggest the CSR may create monetary value for companies-at least when

they are prosecuted for corruption.

The largest firms in America and Britain together spend more than $15 billion

a year on CSR,according to an estimate by EPG, a consulting could add

value to their businesses in three ways. First, consumers may take CSR spending as

a “signal” that a company’s products are of high quality. Second, customers may

be willing to buy a company’s products as an indirect way to donate to the good

causes it third, through a more diffuse “halo effect,” whereby its good

deeds earn it greater consideration from consumers and others.

Previous studies on CSR have had trouble differentiating these effects because

consumers can be affected by all three. A recent study attempts to separate them

by looking at bribery prosecutions under America’s Foreign Corrupt Practices Act

(FCPA). It argues that since prosecutors do not consume a company’s products as

part of their investigations, they could be influenced only by the halo effect.

The study found that, among prosecuted firms, those with the most

comprehensive CSR programmes tended to get more lenient penalties. Their

analysis ruled out the possibility that it was firms’ political influence, rather than

their CSR stand, that accounted for the leniency: Companies that contributed more

to political campaigns did not receive lower fines.

In all, the study concludes that whereas prosecutors should only evaluate a

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