2024年4月6日发(作者：)

Lesson 84 On strike 罢工

【New words and expressions】（11）

strike n. 罢工 busman n. 公共汽车司机

state v. 正式提出，宣布 agreement n. 协议

relieve v. 减轻

extent n. 程度

gratitude n. 感激

object v. 不赞成，反对

一．單詞講解：

★ strike （1） n. 罢工

a general strike 大罷工 ；

be out on strike 舉行罷工

go out on strike 實行罷工

（2） n.進攻、襲擊

pressure n. 压力，麻烦

volunteer v. 自动提出，自愿

Press n. 新闻界

be on strike 在罷工

； go on strike 舉行罷工

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eg：They made a strike on the enemy bass .

（3） v. 毆打、打擊、攻擊

strike the keys 敲擊琴鍵 ； strike the keyboard敲擊鍵盤

eg：The clock will strike 12 in 5 minutes . 五分鐘之後這個鐘會敲響12點。

★ busman n. 公共汽车司机

bus stop 公共汽車站 ； miss the bus 錯過公共汽車、失掉機會

a school bus 校車 ； a double-decker bus 雙層公共汽車

★ state v. 正式提出，宣布

eg：She stated her opinion. 她正式提出她的意見。

eg：She stated the date of her departure . 她宣布她離開的日期。

state + that ……../以 wh 開頭的特殊疑問句

eg：The Prime Minister stated that he would visit Canada the next year .

總理說，他將在明年訪問加拿大。

eg：He didn’t state whether the article was true .

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他沒有說明，這篇文章是否是真實的

statement n. （1） 陳述、聲明、言明

make a false statement 作出虛假陳述

make a correct statement 作出正確的陳述

eg：I couldn’t believe his statement . 我簡直不敢相信他的發言

（2）（政府等的正式） 聲明

issue an official statement 官方聲明

（3） 陳述句

a simple statement 簡單的陳述句

a compound statement 並列句

a complex statement 複合句

state n. 州、狀態

the United States of America 美利堅合眾國

eg：How many states are there in the universe ？

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宇宙中有多少物種存在的狀態？

★ agreement （1）（意見等） 一致、贊成、同意 ←→ disagreement

eg：We’re all in agreement on that point . 我們都同意這一點

nod to show one’s agreement 點頭表示同意

by mutual agreement 經彼此同意

（2）n. 协议

eg：The meeting ended when we reached an agreement .

會議結束時我們達成了協議。

＝The meeting ended when we came to an agreement .

＝The meeting ended when we arrived at an agreement .

a trade agreement between China and the U.S.

中國和美之間的貿易協定

break an agreement 違約 ＝ violate an agreement違背協議

★ relieve （1） v. 减轻

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eg：The drug relieved my toothache .

（2） 使 （人）放心、安心、松一口氣

eg：The news relieved me .

＝ I was relieved at the news . 聽到這個消息,我感到安心了。

（3） 解除 （負擔、重負）；使快樂

relieve sb of 使某人擺脫某事

eg：My assistant relieved me of all the chores .

我的助理分擔了我我所有的瑣事。

eg：Let me relieve you of your suitcase . 我來幫你拿手提包吧。

relieve one’s feelings （以哭等）發洩感情

relieve oneself 去衛生間、去方便一下、（本義）輕鬆一下

eg：Where can I wash my hands ？請問洗手間在哪裏?

relief （1） 寬慰、安心

give a sigh of relief 大舒一口氣 ＝ have a sigh of relief鬆了一口氣

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eg：It is a great relief to find they are safe .

得知他們安然無恙,我感到極大的欣慰。

eg：Will this medicine give immediate relief from pain ？

吃了這藥能馬上止痛嗎?

to one’s relief 令……感到放心的是 ； relief works 失業救濟工程

★ pressure （1） n. 压力（精神上的） 、沉重壓力

eg：Is he suffering from pressure of work ？他患了工作的壓力？

（2）（社會的） 壓力

the pressure of a politician 政治的壓力

（3） 壓力、壓迫

eg：I felt the pressure of his hand on my shoulder. 我覺得他的手壓在我肩上

a pressure of 60kg to the square foot 每平方英里60公斤的壓力

blood pressure 血壓

相關短語 ：

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at high pressure 使勁幹(處於高壓) ； at low pressure 緊張

put pressure on （upon） sb

＝ bring pressure on（upon） sb 對某人施加壓力

eg：They put pressure on me to sell my precious land .

他們施加壓力要我賣掉我的寶貴的土地。

＝ They brought pressure on me to sell my precious land .

under the pressure of 在 ... 的壓力下 ； pressure cooker 壓力鍋

press v. （1） 壓、按

press the button 按按鈕

eg：The bag pressed hard against my back . 袋子重重壓在我的後背。

（2） 催促（某人） 、強迫（某人）

eg： Please , don’t press me . 不要逼我。

eg：He pressed his father to buy him a car .

他要求他父親為他買一輛新汽車

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press for higher wages 要求提高工資

press for reforms 逼迫改革

★ extent （1） n. 程度、限度

to some extent ＝ to a certain extent在某種程度上

to a great extent ＝ to a large extent 大部分

eg：I was amazed at the extent of his knowledge .

我對他知識的淵博感到驚奇.

to the extent that ＝ to such an extent that達到這樣的程度以致 ...,

（2） 寬度、大小 a vast extent of land 廣大的土地

eg：The road is about 20 miles in extent . 障條路約 20英里長。

eg：From the hill we can see the full extent of the town .

從山上我們可以看到城市全景。

★ volunteer v. 自动提出，自愿

volunteer help 主動協助； volunteer to do志願做某事

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eg：The man volunteered to stop the drunken men from fighting .

該名男子自願去勸阻醉漢從戰鬥。

volunteer for 自願做…….. ； volunteer for the army 志願軍

eg：I volunteer for his election campaign . 我自願為他的競選活動。

n. 志願者

eg：Are there any volunteer for the event ？這件事情有志願者嗎？

★ gratitude n. 感激←→ ingratitude忘恩負義

eg：I’d like to express my gratitude to you for your advice .

對您的建議我想表達我對您的感謝。

out of gratitude 出於感激； with gratitude 感謝地

★ Press （1） n. 新闻界

freedom of the press出版自由 ； the daily press 日報

（2） 記者群、報導者的陣容

eg：The president will meet the press this evening .

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今天晚上布什總統將會見記者。

eg：The press was / were shut out from the summit meeting .

在高級會議上記者被拒於門外。

（3） 出版社 oxford University press 牛津出版社

press conference記者招待會 ； press release 新聞稿

press agency 通訊社； press agent 新聞廣告員

★ object [ əbˈdʒekt] v. 不赞成，反对

eg：The boss doesn’t object if you smoke in his office .

object to 反對、討厭（to是介詞）

eg：Some members of the committee . 委員會的一些成員

eg：He objects to being treated like a child . 他討厭對像對孩子似地對待他。

object that 提出異議

eg：They objected that the schedule was too tight .

他提出異議，說時間也太緊了。

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n. object [ˈɔbdʒikt] （1） 東西、物體

eg：I could see a shining object in the sky .

我可以看到一個物體在天空中閃耀。

eg：What’s that strange object in the box ？在箱子裡有什麼奇怪的東西嗎？

（2） 對象、目標

an object of interest 有趣得東西 ＝ an object of pity 同情的對象

（3） 目的、目標 ＝ aim / propose

eg：His object in life is to become rich . 他的生活目標是致富。

eg：What’s object of your visit ？ 你來訪的目的是什嗎？

objection [əbˈdʒekʃən] n.反對，異議；反對的理由

eg：Do you have any objections ？你有任何異議？

eg：He raised an objection to what I proposed . 他提出了一個反對我的建議。

eg：I’ve got no objection to his going there . 我沒有反對他去那裡。

二．Key structures：

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一般將來時（參見12, 36, 60課）

will （shall） do…… ； be going to ……

be + to do …….； be about to ……

【Text】

Who will be driving the buses next week?

Busmen have decided to go on strike next week. The strike is due to begin on Tuesday. No one

knows how long it will last. The busmen have stated that the strike will continue until general

agreement is reached about pay and working conditions. Most people believe that the strike will

last for at least a week. Many owners of private cars are going to offer 'free rides' to people on their

way to work. This will relieve pressure on the trains to some extent. Meanwhile, a number of

university students have volunteered to drive buses while the strike lasts. All the students are expert

drivers, but before they drive any of the buses, they will have to pass a special test. The students are

going to take the test in two days' time. Even so, people are going to find it difficult to get to work.

But so far, the public has expressed its gratitude to the students in letters to the Press. Only one or

two people have objected that the students will drive too fast!

三．課文講解：

★ Busmen have decided to go on strike next week.

公共汽车司机决定下星期罢工。

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※ go on strike 舉行罷工 ； be on strike 在罷工

★ The strike is due to begin on Tuesday. 罢工定于星期二开始，

due adj. （1） 定於（某時做某事）

be due to do 將要做

eg：He is due to start this evening . 他將於今天晚上開始

eg：His new novel is due next month . 他的新作小說將於下月出版發行。

（2） 到期的、滿期的

eg：He didn’t pay the rent when it was due . 到期的時候，他沒有支付租金。

due to 由於……..

eg：The game was postponed due to rain . 比賽因下雨延期.

due to 歸因於、歸咎於

eg：Her word-wide fame is due to his support .

她的舉世聞名歸因於他的支持。

eg：The accident is due to your carless driving .

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這次事故歸咎於沒有小心開車。

No one knows how long it will last. 谁也不知道会持续多久。

The busmen have stated that the strike will continue until general agreement is reached about

pay and working conditions.

司机们声称此次罢工将一直持续到就工资和工作条件问题达成全面协议的时候为止。

Most people believe that the strike will last for at least a week.

多数人认为此次罢工至少会持续一个星期。

Many owners of private cars are going to offer 'free rides' to people on their way to work.

很多私人汽车的车主正准备为乘车上班的人们提供“免费乘车”的服务，

※ offer（1） 提供、提出議案、推舉

offer a bribe to 向……行賄 ； offer to do 建議將做

eg：He offered to help us . 他提出要幫助我們。

offer+ sb + sth ＝ offer + sth + to sb 向某人提供……

eg：She offered him a cup of tea .＝ She offered a cup of tea to him .

她給他端上一杯茶。

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（2）（賣方對買方）開價（出售物品）

eg：She offered ＄800 for the antique print .

這幅古畫她開800美金。

eg：He offered an old camera at a reasonable price.

他以合理的價格出售了一台的舊相機。

※ free adj. 免費的、不要錢的、無稅的（無比較級變化）

duty free 免稅的 ； a free ticket to the concert 一張免費的音樂會入場券

ride n.

eg：Could you give me a ride ？ 我能搭個滿廢的車嗎？、能載我一程？

eg：An hour’s ride in the bus will take you to your destination .

一個小時的車程後您將到目的地。

rider n.騎馬的人；乘車的人

This will relieve pressure on the trains to some extent.

这将在某种程度上减轻对火车的压力。

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※ to some extent ＝ to a certain extent 在某种程度上

Meanwhile, a number of university students have volunteered to drive buses while the strike

lasts.

与此同时，有一部分大学生自愿在罢工期间驾驶公共汽车。

※ volunteer to do sth 自願做……..

※ last adj. 最後的

eg：You are the last one I want to see. 你是我最不想見的人。

v. 持續

eg：The war lasted（for）8 years . 戰爭持續了8年。

All the students are expert drivers, but before they drive any of the buses, they will have to pass

a special test.

所有的学生都是开车的能手，但在驾驶公共汽车之前，他们必须通过一项专门测验。

The students are going to take the test in two days' time.

学生们准备在两天后就接受测验。

take the test 接受测验。

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pas the test 通過測試、考試及格

make a test ＝ carry out a test 進行實驗

※ in two day’s time ＝ in two days 兩天後

Even so, people are going to find it difficult to get to work.

即使这样，人们仍会感到上班有困难。

eg：He thought it easy to pass the examination .

他認為通過考試是很容易

eg：He considered it wrong that she should have to wait .

他認為她不得不等待是不對。

eg：I feel it right that he should be punished .

我認為他應該受到懲罰。

eg：I think it wrong for people to behave like that .

我認為人們那樣做是不對。

But so far, the public has expressed its gratitude to the students in letters to the Press.

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但到目前为止，公众已经向新闻界写信表达他们对学生们的感激之情了。

public adj. 公開的

the public 公眾、大眾 ； in public 公開地

Only one or two people have objected that the students will drive too fast! 只有一两个人提出

反对意见，说学生们会把车开得太快！

※ only 僅僅

only 修飾主語，放在句首，句子的為語並不倒裝語序。

eg：Only you can do it . 你是唯一可以做這事的人

eg：Only in this way can you hope to improve the situation here .

只有這樣，才能你有希望改善這裡處境。

only + 狀語放句首、句子的為語採用倒裝語序。

四．Special Difficulties： ※新東方補充：【Special Difficulties】

it作先行宾语

在主语+动词+宾语+宾语补足语的句型中，常用it作先行宾语，真正的宾语为后面的动词不定式或从句：

People are going to find it difficult to get to work.

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常用这种结构的动词有：find，think，consider，feel，make，keep等：

She felt it right for them to arrest the thief.

They consider it impossible to finish the work in three days.

五．Exercise：

strike is due to begin on Tuesday . That’s when it a .

a. is going to begin b. began

c. has begun d. will have begun

2. The strike will last for a week . That’s what d people believe .

a. most of b. the most of

c. the more d. most

3. It will last for at least a week . So it might be a than a week .

a. more b. less

c. much less d. a good deal less

4. We were struck by the extent a which teachers’ decisions served the interests of the

school rather than those of the students .

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＊ extent [ikˈstent] n.程度，範圍，限度；廣度，寬度，大小

a. to b. for c. in d. with

六．Review：

1. Key structures：一般將來時

be going to do將要； will do sth 將做某事

2. Main Points：

be on strike 舉行罷工 ； state that 宣布某事

reach an agreement 達成一致 ；to some extent 在某種程度上

volunteer to do sth 自願做某事 ； object that 反對某事

七．補充內容：諺語：

1. Tomorrow is another day . 明天是新的一天、明天總有希望

many cooks spoil the broth . (諺)廚子多了做壞了湯(人多反倒誤事)

八. 听力训练(短文)

New words and expressions

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1. navy [ˈneivi] n.海軍

2. temporarily [ˈtempərərili] ad.暫時地

3. low-frequency adj. 低周波的, 低頻率的

4. sound wave device 聲波設備

5. sonar ['səunɑ:] n. 聲納, 聲波定位器

6. submarine [ˈsʌbməri:n] n.潛水艇 a.水底的，海底的

7. compromise [ˈkɔmprəmaiz] n.妥協，折中 vi.妥協 vt.危及，

放棄(原則等)

8. environmental [ərən'mentl] adj.環境的, 有關環境的

9. legal action 法律訴訟, 法律行動

10. halt [hɔ:lt] n.停住，停止，暫停 v.(使)停住，(使)停止

11. whale n.鯨

The United States Navy has agreed to temporarily limit testing of a new low-frequency

sound wave device it wants you use on ships in the world’s oceans . this sonar device is used

to find enemy submarines at great distances .

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The agreement is a compromise between the Navy and environmental groups . The

groups took legal action to halt the testing of the new sonar system . They said the noise

from the device would injure or kill whales and other animals that live in the oceans .

美國海軍已同意暫時限制測試一個新的低頻率聲波設備上使用，它希望你在世界船舶的海洋。這種聲納

裝置是用來尋找敵人潛艇在很遠的距離。這項協議是一個妥協之間的海軍和環保團體。該集團採取了法律行

動，以制止新的測試的聲納系統。他們說，從設備的噪音會傷害或捕殺鯨魚和其他動物，生活在海洋。

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