2024年4月3日发(作者：)

四大佛教名山之普陀山

普陀山位于浙江省杭州湾以东约100海里，是舟山群岛中的一个小岛，面积12.5平方公里，呈狭长

形，南北长8.6公里，东西宽3.5公里，最高处佛顶山海拔300米。

普陀山集寺庙、海、沙、石于一体，奇花异木遍布，古树参天，森林面积大约75%。山形如蟠龙戏珠，升

腾在浩浩东海之中；岛外，海浪滔滔，白帆点点，这里相传是观音菩萨传经说法，普度众生的道场，被誉

为“南海圣境”，在国内外，尤其是在东南亚各国享誉非凡。

普陀山观音道场始建于公元863年，日本僧人慧锷在五台山请得一尊观音像，从宁波下海回国，舟至普陀

山莲花洋时，遇上风涛，无法东渡，便认为菩萨不愿离去，于是留像于普陀山岛潮音洞侧，岛民张氏请像

供奉于家宅，称不肯去观音院，这是普陀山最早的寺院。普济寺、法雨寺、慧济寺为普陀山名扬海内外的

三大寺，也是现今保存的二十多所寺庵中最大的三座。普济禅寺始建于宋，为山中供奉观音的主刹，建筑

总面积约11000多平方米。法雨禅寺始建于明，依山凭险，层层叠建，周围古木参天，极为幽静。慧济禅

寺建于佛顶山上，又名佛顶山寺。

普陀山还有很多奇岩怪石。著名的有盘陀石、二龟听法石、海天佛国石等二十余处。山海相接之处有许多

石洞胜景，最著名的是潮音

Putuo Mountain

Putuo Mountain, on one of the Zhoushan Islands about 100 sea miles off the eastern coast of Hangzhou Bay in Zhejiang

Province, is one of the four Buddhist shrines in the country, covering an area of 12.5 square kilometers. Its main

peak, the Peak of Buddhist Top, is 300 meters above sea level.

Putuo Mountain is noted for its rough terrain and exquisite landscape. The clouds like sails,

scattered about, and the sea and the sky bore a same blurred color. The mountain rises alone over

the East China Sea. Sailing near, one can see verdant trees, strange rocks, mysterious temples,

and huge inscriptions carved on stones. The mountain also has a stretching beach and a lot of

caves, surrounded by floating clouds.

Putuo Mountain is famous both at home and abroad, especially among Southeast Asian countries. Its first temple is

called Guanyin Temple, built in 863 AD. The island cape is encircled by numerous protruding reps and deep hidden

grottoes. Putuo Mountain is not only a sacred place of Buddhism -- "Buddhist Land of South Sea", but also an ideal

summer resort. It has a mild climate, intriguing surroundings and unique scenery. The three famous temples are Puji

Temple, Fayu Temple and Huiji Temple, which are the three largest ones among the 20-odd existing well-preserved

temples nationwide.

Cultural Heritage

1. Temples

The principal temple -- Puji Temple -- with more than 200 halls built in the Song Dynasty (960-1279), is the chief

temple where Guanyin (a Bodhisattva) is enshrined, with an area of 11,000 square meters.

The Fayu Temple, consisting of halls in six layers, is the second largest temple on the mountain

and was constructed in the Ming Dynasty (1368-1644).

The Huiji Temple, built in the Ming Dynasty, is located on the top of Putuo Mountain. In front

of the temple are some 1,000 stone steps. The temple, the third largest on the mountain, has four

halls, seven palaces and six attics.

2. Caves and Stones

Putuo Mountain is also the site of some famed stone caves, such as the Chaoyin, Chaoyang and Fanyin

caves. Among them, the Chaoyin and Fanyin caves are the most renowned. When the sea surges, water

tumbles into the Chaoyin Cave and bumps into the rocks inside with a thunderous roar, and looks

like a madly gyrating dragon from a bird's-eye view.

The Fanyin Cave (Cave of Buddhist Sound) is sandwiched between two steep cliffs of some 100 meters

in height. The cave winds its way towards the sea. When the sea swells, the waters pour into the

cave with thunderous roars. A stone stair leads from the mountain top to a rock platform built

into the cave wall, half way above the bottom with a marvelous view of the sea.

There are also many oddly-shaped stones, the 20-odd most famous ones of which include Pantuo Stone,

the stone of Two Tortoises listening to preaching, and the stone of Sea and Sky Buddhist Kingdom,

etc.

3. The Beaches

The island is surrounded by quite a few beaches. The Baibusha Beach, along the east coast and

1.5 km. in length, is the best bathing beach. It is flat and covered with soft golden sand.

浙江千岛湖

千岛湖，位于中国浙江淳安县境内，它是国务院首批公布的44处国家级风景区之一，

也是目前国内最大的国家级森林公园。它是1959年为建造新安江水电站而筑坝蓄水

形成的人工湖。

千岛湖国家森林公园拥有448平方公里的森林面积，森林覆盖率已达81%，茂密的森

林净化了千岛湖的大气环境，空气十分洁净。千岛湖水域面积573平方公里，平均水深34米，透明度可达

7米，属国家一级水体，不经任何处理即可达饮用水标准。

千岛湖四周群山连绵，林木繁茂，鸟语花香，生态环境佳绝，资源丰富。共有植物

1786种，盛产茶叶、蚕桑、木材、毛竹等，湖内淡水鱼有87种，年捕鱼量达4000

多吨，且四季时新鲜果，土特产品不断，闻名的有：无核柿、金丝蜜枣、山核桃、

淡水鱼干、野生蕨菜干。

千岛湖山水天下秀，优美的自然风光和良好的生态环境，使千岛湖展现出广阔的发

展前景。而随着交通条件的进一步完善，旅游资源进一步开发和知名度进一步提高，它将成为世界旅游的

热点。

Qiandao Lake (Thousand-Island Lake)

Located in Chun'an County of Zhejiang Province, the Qiandao Lake is among the first 44 national scenic spots proclaimed

by the State Council, and also the largest national forest park at present. It is a man-made reservoir formed during

the construction of Xin'anjiang Hydropower Station in 1959.

The Qiandao Lake National Forest Park covers a forested area of 448 square kilometers, with a

forest coverage rate of 81%. The dense forests have purified the air of the surrounding areas.

The water area of the Qiandao Lake amounts to 573 square kilometers and has an average depth of

34 meters and the visibility of 7 meters. As national first-class water, it is so pure that it

can be drunk directly.

Embraced by green hills, the Qiandao Lake has a superexcellent entironment with numerous species of wild birds and

rich resources. It has 1,786 kinds of plants and abounds in tea, mulberry, wood, and bamboo. With 87 kinds of freshwater

fish in the lake, the annual volume of fish caught reaches over 4,000 tons. The lake is also famous for its fruits

of four seasons, such as persimmon without fruit stone, sweet spun gold jujube, mountain walnut, dried freshwater

fish, and dried wild brake tender leaves.

The whole lake area is divided into five small parts, namely the northeast part, the southeast

part, the northwest part, the southwest part and the central part. After large-scale

reconstructions in recent years, the lake formed 14 scenic spots of 6 sections including the Xian

Hill, the Screen Peak, the Plum Peak, the Dragon Hill, the Animal-Series, and the Stone Forest.

The Qiandao Lake has a promising future with its fascinating scenery and excellent entironment.

It will become one of the world hot scenic spots along with the further improvement of traffic,

exploitation of tour resources and enhancement of reputation

杭州西湖

西湖位于浙江省杭州市，是斐声中外的风景旅游胜地。她三面青山环绕，中间碧

波荡漾，面积5.6平方公里，绕湖周长近15公里，一山（孤山）、二堤（白堤

和苏堤）、三岛（小瀛洲、湖心亭和阮公墩）把全湖分为外湖、北里湖、西里湖、

岳湖和小南湖。

关于“西湖”这个名称，最早开始于唐朝。在唐以前，西湖有武林水、明圣湖、

金中湖、龙川、钱源、钱塘湖、上湖等名称。到了宋朝，苏东坡守杭时，他咏诗赞美西湖说：“水光潋滟

晴方好, 山色空蒙雨亦奇.欲把西湖比西子,淡妆浓抹总相宜”

西湖一年四季，一日四时，皆有佳景，各具神韵。在西湖景色中，最有名的当属“西

湖十景”和“西湖新十景”，人称“西湖双十景”。西湖十景分别为：苏堤春晓、

断桥残雪、曲院风荷、三潭映月、花港观鱼、雷峰夕照、南屏晚钟、平湖秋月、柳

浪闻莺、双峰插云。西湖新十景则包括虎跑梦泉、龙井问茶、宝石流霞、吴山天风、

玉皇飞云、黄龙吐翠、满陇桂雨、九溪烟树、阮敦环碧、云栖竹径。

西湖还因众多的历史文化名人而著称。中国历史上的英雄俊杰岳飞、于谦、张若水、秋瑾等，都埋骨西子

湖畔，他们的英名和浩然正气长留于西湖的青山绿水之间。古代的诗人画家，如著名的白居易、苏东坡、

柳永、潘天寿等，都与西湖结下不解之缘，留下了无数千古流芳的名篇。

West Lake

Lying in Hangzhou City of Zhejiang Province, the West Lake is a world famous tourist spot.

Embraced by green hills on three sides, the lake covers an area of 5.6 square kilometers and

has a perimeter of 15 kilometers.

The whole lake is divided into 5 sections, namely the Outer Lake, North Inner

Lake, Yue Lake and Little South Lake, by Gu Hill, Sudi Causeway, Baiti Causeway

and Ruangong Mound.

The name of West Lake was fixed as early as the Tang Dynasty (618-907). Before the Tang Dynasty,

the lake had various names such as Wulin Water, Mingsheng Lake, Jinzhong Lake, Longchuan,

Qianyuan, Qiantang Lake, and Shang Lake, etc. In the Song Dynasty (960-1279), the Chinese

renowned poet Su Dongpo wrote a poem to praise the West Lake and compared it to Xizi, a Chinese

legendary beauty. Since then, the West Lake has another elegant name Xizi Lake.

The beauty of the West Lake lies in its lingering charm that survives the change of seasons

in a year and of hours in a day. Among its beautiful sights, the most famous sites are the

Ten Sights in West Lake and the Ten New Sights in West Lake, which are known as the Double-Ten

Sights in West Lake. The Ten Sights in West Lake are Melting Snow at Broken Bridge, Spring

Dawn at Sudi Causeway, Sunset Glow over Leifeng Hill, Lotus in the Breeze at Crooked Courtyard,

Autumn Moon on Calm Lake, Listening to Orioles Singing in the Willows, Viewing Fish at Flowers

Harbor, Evening Bell at Nanping Hill, Three Pools Mirroring the Moon, and Twin Peaks Piercing

the Clouds. The Ten New Sights in West Lake are Dream Spring of Hupao, Tea-tasting at Dragon

Well, Gem Bathed in Flowing Rosy Clouds, Heaven Wind over Wushan Mountain, Scud over Yuhuang,

Yellow Dragon Spitting Greenness, Rains of Sweet-scented Osmanthus Over Hills, Trees in Mist

by the Nine Rivulets, Ruan Mound in Green, Cloud Dwelling and Bamboo Path.

The West Lake is also famous for its historical flavor with numerous

celebrities. National heroes Yue Fei, Yu Qian, Zhang Ruoshui and Qiu Jin were

all buried along the West Lake, leaving their illustrious names and noble

spirits in the green hills and blue waters. Moreover, many ancient poets and

artists, such as Bai Juyi, Su Dongpo, Liu Yong and Pan Tianshou, had also left

countless famous writings.

浙江鉴湖

鉴湖亦即为镜湖，又称长湖、大湖、庆湖。它位于浙江省绍兴城西南，

为浙江名湖之一。鉴湖面积约30.44平方公里，其主干道东起亭山，西

至湖塘，长22.5公里，形如一条宽窄相间的河道，镶嵌在绍兴平原之上。

鉴湖为浙江省省级风景名胜区，是一处适合观光游览、休闲度假的江南

水乡型风景名胜区，由东跨湖桥、快阁、三山、清水闸、柯岩、湖塘6

个景区和湖南山旅游活动区组成。

鉴湖水质非常好，驰名中外的绍兴老酒，即用此湖水酿造。鉴湖湖面宽阔，泛舟其中，近处

碧波映照，远处青山重叠，有在镜中游之感。鉴湖不仅有独特的自然风光，还有许多名胜古

迹为之增色。鉴湖是南宋爱国诗人陆游的故里。如今这里还有快阁、三山遗址。快阁地处东

跨湖桥以西的鉴湖北岸，是陆游中年时赋诗读书处，后改为陆放翁祠，现尚存清代建筑数间。

对岸有山阴道直通兰亭。快阁向西行数里，就是陆游的故里三山，这是行宫山、韩家山、石

堰山三座小山之间的临湖小村，古名西村。现在故居虽废，风景依旧，一派江南湖光山色，使人流连忘返。

Jianhu Lake

The Jianhu Lake, also known as the Mirror Lake, is located in the southwest of Shaoxing City in Zhejiang Province.

As a famous lake in Zhejiang, the Jianghu Lake covers an area of 30.5 square kilometers and is 22.5 kilometers long

from Tinshan Hill in the east to the Hutang Pool in the west. It looks like a river course running in the Shaoxing

Plain. The Jianhu Lake is a provincial scenic spot and a perfect entertainment resort which is composed of the South

Hill Recreation Area and 6 sights in the east, namely the Lake Bridge, the Kuaige Pavilion, the Three Hills, the

Qingshui Flood Gate, the Keyan Rock and the Hutang Pool.

The water in the Jianhu Lake is pure and it is from this water that the world-famous Shaoxing Wine is made. Going

boating in the vast lake surrounded by green hills, one will feel like touring around a fairyland cast in a mirror.

Besides beautiful natural landscapes, the lake also has many historic sites. It is the hometown of the renowned

poet Lu You of the Southern Song Dynasty (1127-1279). The sites of the Kuaige Pavilion and the Three Hills were

built in memory of him. Lying on the north side of the Jianhu Lake, the Kuaige Pavilion was the place where Lu You

studied in his middle age. The pavilion then changed its name to the Lufangweng Ancestral Temple, with several old

buildings of the Qing Dynasty (1644-1911). Walking several kilometers from the pavilion to the west, one can find

the Three Hills, namely the Xinggong Hill, the Hanjia Hill, and the Shiyan Hill. Lying in these hills is a small

village that is the birthplace of Lu You. Though his former residence has been abandoned, the beautiful scenery

has not changed, making visitors forget to return.

浙江千丈岩瀑布（无英文导游词）

千丈岩瀑布位于浙江省宁波御书亭西400米处，崖壁如削，高千仞，故名千

丈岩，也称飞雪岩。

瀑布自崖口出，跌至潭底，落差171米。水源来自东西两涧水，东涧水从中

峰白龙洞环流雪窦寺南，西涧水自屏风山上雪峰玉龙洞十八折而下，相汇于

雪窦寺前的伏龙桥，流经锦镜池畔，穿关山桥出崖口奔泻而下，至半腰撞击

突出巨岩，顿时水花四射，再折而崩泻，经阳光折射，五彩缤纷，蔚为壮观。

西部崖顶那有飞雪亭，供游人俯览瀑布。从御书亭经百步阶，可至千丈岩底，有一深潭，潭水清澈碧绿，

寒气袭人。潭旁建有仰止桥、午雷亭。站在桥上，水雾笼罩，水沫溅人，仰望瀑布，惊心动魄。

雁荡大龙湫瀑布

雁荡大龙湫瀑布为浙江省雁荡山胜景。它与贵州黄果树瀑布、黄河壶口瀑布、黑

龙江吊水楼瀑布并称中国四大瀑布，而大龙湫独以其落差为190余米取胜，为中

国瀑布之最，有“天下第一瀑”之誉。

瀑流发源于百岗尖，流经龙湫背，从连云峰凌空泻下，像从银

河倒泻下来，十分壮观。大龙湫的最奇绝之处，在于因季节、

晴雨等变化呈现出多姿多彩的迷人景象。盛夏季节，雷雨初过，大龙湫象一条发怒的银龙，

从半空中猛扑下来，声如雷鸣，震天撼地，气势雄壮。在晴朗的冬日，瀑流从半空中漂洒

而下，阳光照射时，瀑布呈现出色彩绚丽的五色长虹的奇观，景色格外迷人。在阳春三月，

大龙湫又是另一番景象，雨水稀少，瀑布如珠帘下垂，不到几丈，就化为烟云。大龙湫瀑

布真是千变万化，不可捉摸。

雁荡山有许多瀑布，有名称的达十八处。雁荡山的瀑布和贵州黄果树大瀑布的风格迥然而

异。它不是以大取胜，而是以其优美的姿态打动游人。除了上面介绍的大龙湫瀑布外，还

有小龙湫和三折瀑等有名的瀑布。三折瀑是同一水流历经三处悬崖，成为上中下三个飞瀑。

其中，以中折瀑最为动人。中折瀑周围的悬崖，有如一个半圆形的洞穴，水从洞顶泻而下，飘飘忽忽，非

常优美。

Dalongqiu Waterfall in Yandang

Being the superb scenic spot in the Yandang Mountain, the Dalongqiu Waterfall has its source in Baigangjian. After

flowing pass Longqiu Back, it rushes down from the Lianyun Peak with a fall of 197 meters, looking like the Milky

Way pouring down from the sky. It is reputed as the first waterfall under heaven, attracting poets and writers through

the ages.

The scenery of the Dalongqiu Waterfall changes constantly with the season. During summer season, after thunderstorms,

the waterfall looks like an angry white dragon, jumping down from the midair and then dashing towards the deep pool

while sending out thunderous roars. During fine wintertime, it flows down gently and forms colorful rainbows under

the sunshine. During spring season, it turns into mist and clouds after rushing down a few meters and then changes

into masses of water, and then stretches into numerous streams like arrows and white snakes racing downwards, and

finally turns into white and nattier mist again.

虎跑泉Hupao Spring (Running -Tiger Spring)

The Hupao Spring is located in the side yard of the Huichan Temple (commonly known as the Hupao Temple), which is

at the foot of the Baihe Peak (White Crane Peak) of Daci Mountain, five kilometers from Hangzhou City, Zhejiang

Province. The Hupao Spring takes its name from a legend. According to the legend, an accomplished monk named Huanzhong

came and lived here during the 14year (819) of the Yuanhe reign in the Tang Dynasty (618-907). Later, due to lack

of water, the monk planned to leave the temple. One night, he had a dream in which an immortal told him two tigers

would move a fountain here. As expected, the next day two mighty tigers from the Hengshan Mountain circled the spot

and dug a hole which caused the spring to gush forth -- hence, the name Hupao Spring (Running - Tiger Spring).

th

In reality, the Hupao Spring is formed by underground water seeping through veins and cracks within quartz sandstone.

According to measurement, the rate of flow reaches 43.2 to 86.4 cubic meters per day. With pure and sweet water,

the spring holds the first place among springs in the West Lake. The Hupao Spring and the Longjing (Dragon Well)

Spring are reputed to be the third spring under heaven.

Originally, the Hupao Spring had three wells, which formed two pools later. Next to the main pool,

there is a stone bed placed in a stone niche. A sculpture of Monk Huanzhong is lying on his side,

resting the head on his right arm in a serene manner. Two lifelike stone tigers stand to the right

side of the stone niche, as if they are walking towards Huanzhong.

Dragon Well tea in Running-Tiger Spring water

Since ancient times, the Dragon-Well Tea and the Hupao Spring water have been known as the "two wonders of the West

Lake." Through the ages, visitors who came to Hangzhou City all took the opportunity to sip and taste the Dragon-Well

Tea with Hupao Spring water. Many poets wrote poems to praise the Hupao Spring.

In recent years, the development of tea culture in Hangzhou City was promoted by the flourishing tourism. Nowadays, several

teahouses have been restored or constructed along the scenic spots in the West Lake, such as the Hupao Spring, the Longjing

Spring, Yu Spring (Jade Spring) and Wushan, attracting tea lovers both home and abroad.

杭州六和塔

六和塔坐落在浙江省杭州市钱塘江北岸的月轮峰上。六和塔所在地原来是五代吴

越国王的南果园，塔始建于北宋开宝三年（970年），是钱弘淑舍园所造，同时

还建造了塔院，建塔的目的是为了镇压钱塘江的江潮。六和塔塔身共九层，高五

十多丈，巍峨突起，依陆俯看钱塘。塔的顶层装有明灯，为夜晚航行的船只指路。

宣和三年（1121年），六和塔毁于兵火，现在保存的砖筑塔身，是南宋绍兴二十

六年（1156年）重建的，到乾道元年（1165年）才全部竣工，历时十年。

六和塔木檐十三层，清光绪二十六年（1900年）重新修建，塔的内部有六层是封闭的，七层与塔身的内部

相通，自外及里，塔可分外墙、回廊、内墙和小室四个部分，形成了内外两环。内环是塔心室，外环是厚

壁，回廊夹在中间，楼梯置于回廊之间。外墙的外壁，在转角处装设有倚柱，并与塔的木檐相联结。墙身

的四面开辟有门，因为墙厚达4.12米，故而进门后，就形成了一条甬道，甬道的两侧凿有壁龛，壁龛的下

部做成须弥座。穿甬道而过，里边就是回廊。内墙的四边也辟有门，另外的四边凿有壁龛，相互间隔而成。

内墙厚4.20米，故而每个门的门洞内，也形成了甬道，甬道直通塔中心的小室。壁龛的内部镶嵌有《四十

二章经》的石刻。中心的小室原来是为了供奉佛像而设的，为仿木建筑，制作讲究。六和塔所有壶门的造

型，线条流畅，圆润美观，是南宋时期典型的做法。塔身的第七层和塔刹是元代重修的。

六和塔中的须弥座上有二百多处砖雕，砖雕的题材丰富，造型生动，有斗奇争妍的石榴、荷花、宝相，展

翅飞翔的凤凰、孔雀、鹦鹉，奔腾跳跃的狮子、麒麟，还有昂首起舞的飞仙等等。这些砖雕，与宋代成书

的《营造法式》所载十分吻合，是中国古建筑史上珍贵的实物资料。

六和塔是杭州著名的风景点之一，游人到此，既可欣赏古塔的雄姿，又能领略钱塘江的风光，所以历代有

不少的文人墨客作诗咏叹，有诗云：“孤塔凌霄汉，天风面面来。江光秋练净，岚色晓屏开”，真实地描

绘了六和塔和钱塘江的风光。

Pagoda of Six Harmonies

Standing by the Qiantang River in Hangzhou, the Pagoda of Six Harmonies was first constructed in 970 during the

Northern Song Dynasty (960-1127) by Qian Hongchu, King of the Wuyue State, who ruled the area of today's Jiangsu,

Zhejiang and Fujian provinces. The purpose of building the pagoda was to suppress the tidewaters. It had nine storeys

and was some 150 meters high. At night lanterns were lit on the pagoda so that ships and boats on the Qiantang River

could use it as a navigation tower.

The pagoda suffered repeated damages over about a thousand years. It was almost completely

destroyed by war in 1121. Reconstruction started in 1153 and was completed in 1163. The height

of the pagoda was reduced after reconstruction because there were only seven storeys left of the

original nine. Major repairs were made again in 1524 during the Ming Dynasty (1368-1644) and in

1735 and 1900 during the Qing Dynasty (1644-1911), but these repairs were on the outside eaves

only. The brick body of the pagoda remained the same as in the Song Dynasty. Today some Song Dynasty

inscriptions can still be found inside the pagoda.

The extant pagoda is octagonal, with thirteen levels on the exterior but seven levels on the

interior. It stands 59.89 meters high, and is one of the tallest pagodas in southern China. The

pagoda can be divided into four parts from the exterior to the interior, namely, the outer wall,

the zigzag corridor, the inside wall and the little chamber. The corridor in-between connects

the exterior with the interior; the winding staircases, linking the corridor parts, lead to the

top level. The exterior wall, with a thickness of 4.12 meters, has doors in the four sides. On

the two side walls of the entrance connecting the exterior with the interior, there are engraved

shrines. The four sides of the interior wall, with a thickness of 4.2 meters, also have doors.

In the center of the pagoda is the little chamber which was originally used to place Buddhist

Statues. Each storey has a square room, with ceiling supported by brackets.

In the pagoda there are more than two hundred sites of brick carvings, which feature a wide range

of motifs, including megranate, lotus, phoenix, peacock, parrot, lion, kylin and so on. These

brick carvings are rare material proofs of Chinese ancient architectures.

The Six Harmonies Pagoda, as a state-level cultural site, has been under the state protection

since 1961. It is one of the famous scenic spots in Hangzhou City. Commanding a spectacular view

of the surging Qiantang River, the pagoda presents a quiet image of age-old majesty. Looking out

from the top of the pagoda, sightseers can see as far as the misty horizon, enjoying the

unforgettable, breathtaking scenery..

浙江乌镇(无英文导游词)

镇位于浙江省北部，京杭大运河西侧。地当水陆要冲，俗称两省（浙江，

江苏）、三府（嘉兴，湖州，苏州）、七县（乌

程，归安，崇德，桐乡，秀水，吴江，震泽）

交界之地。

打印文件

存储文件

发送信件

乌镇原以市河（车溪）为界，分为乌青二镇，

河西为乌镇，属湖州府乌程县；河东为青镇，

字体：【 大 中

属嘉兴府桐乡县。清朝文人施曾锡所作《双溪

小 】

竹枝词》：“苕溪清远秀溪长，带水盈盈汇野

矿，两岸一桥相隔住，乌程对过是桐乡。”正

是当时乌青二镇地势的形象写照。

据乌青镇志记载，春秋时此地为吴疆越界，秦汉为乌程由拳分境，唐咸通

年间始正式称镇，南宋嘉定年间，以市河为界分为两镇，解放后，市河以

西的乌镇划归桐乡县，才统称乌镇。

如今，乌镇不仅是浙江有名的水乡集镇，而且成了国内外研究茅盾著作的

专家学者向往的地方。可以预见，不久的将来，乌镇经过整修建设，将更

添秀色。

浙江南浔

南浔位于浙江湖州市，地处杭嘉湖平原腹地，是浙江省历史文化名镇，北面

是太湖，东与江苏省交界，距苏州市仅51公里，乘中巴车12元，途中经过

著名水镇同里。

据〈江南园林志〉记载“以一镇之地，而拥有五园，且皆为巨构，实为江南

所仅见”。

南浔名胜古迹众多，与自然风光和谐融化，既充满着浓郁的历史文化底蕴和灵气，又洋溢着江南水乡古镇

诗画一般的神韵。

南浔自古以来文化昌盛，人才辈出，书香不绝。明代时就有“九里三阁老，十里两尚书”之谚。仅宋，明，

清三代，南浔就出了进士41名。

南浔建镇已有745年历史，明万历至清代中叶为经济繁荣鼎盛时期，南浔历史文化悠久，从宋至清共出41

名进士。著名的名胜古迹有嘉业藏书楼、刘镛的庄园小莲庄、张静江故居、张石铭旧居、百间楼和宋代古

石桥等。

Nanxun

Nanxun, situated in Huzhou City, is a famous historical and cultural town in Zhejiang Province. It is in the hinterland

of the Hangjiahu Plain. It faces the Taihu Lake to the north, and borders on Jiangsu Province to the east. Nanxun

is only 51 kilometers away from Suzhou. One will pass the famous Tongli Town from Nanxun to Suzhou.

It is recorded by

Records of Gardens South of the Lower Reaches of the Yangtze River

that Nanxun

is the only town south of the lower reaches of the Yangtze River with five large gardens in one

town. Nanxun boasts numerous historic sites and enchanting natural landscapes, and has both

historical and cultural details as well as poetic charm of watery regions south of the lower reaches

of the Yangtze River. Since ancient time, Nanxun has been a place with flourishing culture and

has turned out many talents. During the Song (960-1279), Ming (1368-1644) and Qing (1644-1911)

dynasties, Nanxun turned out 41 successful candidates in the highest imperial examinations.

With a history of 745 years, Nanxun has places of interests such as the Jiaye Book-Collecting

Building, Liu Yong's Xiaolian Manor, Zhang Jingjiang's former residence, Zhangshiming's former

residence, the Baijian Building and ancient stone bridges of the Song Dynasty.

西塘

地处杭嘉湖平原嘉善县北部的古镇西塘，地势平坦，水网交织，自然环境

优美、恬静。这里小桥流水人家的小镇格局与江南诸多水乡名镇没有太大

的差别，但面积之大和桥多、弄多、廊棚多的特色，构成了西塘与众不同

的风格。难能可贵的是，这里没有其它旅游景点的

嘈杂和商气，原汁原味的小镇景观，令游人在清静

中倍感惬意。

蕴涵西塘建筑文化个性特色的廊棚，是小镇旅游最耀眼的一道风景。它的形成源于沿

河店家为方便水乡村民在傍河的街边停船购物，做农副产品交易而各自搭建的，因店

与店相连，各家所建的廊棚也就连了起来，像一条带子紧紧地缠绕在小镇的河边，廊

棚下的石板路因此成了既能挡风避雨又能遮阳的走廊。西塘有廊棚千余米，主要分布在朝南埭、北栅街一

带，和自行车同行，别有一番情趣；临街人家澹泊的平民生活，诉说着西塘人的淳朴和善良。驻足廊檐下，

可见对岸粉墙高耸，桅篙林立；河上绿波荡漾，扁舟矣欠乃，桥影摇曳，似诗如画，令人陶醉。

西塘民居多建于明清两代，弄堂作为市镇及民居建设的一个部分保存下来。西塘有长短不一的弄堂122条，

百米以上的有5条，其中名气最大的就数石皮弄了。石皮弄位于小镇西街王姓家族宅第种福堂西侧，全长

68米，最宽处1米，最窄的地方仅80公分。该弄路面由166块厚仅3公分的条石铺成，要将花岗岩凿成

如此之薄实非易事，石皮弄也因此得名。石皮弄两侧高墙因年代久远，墙面已显斑驳，这条静谧幽长的小

弄，犹如一条穿越历史的隧道，让走过它的人，感受到西塘的古朴和丰厚的文化积淀。

西塘是一个不足2平方公里的小镇，有9条河流在此交汇，把小镇分割成8个板块，15座风格各异的桥承

担着把这块沃土连成一体的重任，桥自然成了西塘引人入胜的景观。这15座桥，最古老的要数清康熙年间

动工兴建的卧龙桥。

Xitang

Xitang is an ancient town in the north of Jiashan County. It has a peaceful and beautiful entironment, with flat

terrain and netted rivers. It features huge area and a large number of bridges, lanes, and ceilinged corridors.

What's more, other than the noisy commercial places of interest, Xitang offers pure scenery of a little town, making

the tourists feel quiet and cozy.

Ceilinged corridors are the most special scene in Xitang construction. It was originally built

to make convenience for the residents trading on boats by the side of the rivers. Each shop has

a ceiling over the stone-plank road in front of its own house, and the ceilings connect with one

another to form corridors, the longest of which is 1,300 meters, like a silk belt winding along

the river. The ceilinged corridors are the main places at the Chaonanli and Beizhalan Street.

Riding a bicycle along the ceilinged corridors, one will have a special sentiment. Standing under

the ceilings, looking at the white walls at the other bank, looking at the masts and the green

ripples, boats and the shadows of the bridges, one will revel in the beauty of the scenery.

The residential buildings were mostly built in the Ming and Qing dynasties. There are a total

of 122 lanes, long and short, wide and narrow. Five of them are longer than 100 meters. Among

all the lanes, Shipi Lane is the most famous. It is situated at the west side of Zhongfu Hall

in the West Street, with a total length of 68 meters. The lane is about 1 meter at the widest

but the narrowest point is only 80 centimeters. It is paved with 166 stone planks which are only

3 centimeters thick, which is really hard to be chisel from the granite. That is why it is called

Shipi (the skin of the stone) Lane. Walking through the long quiet lane with stained tall walls

is just like traveling through the town's long history in a spatio-temporal tunnel.

Xitang is a little town with an area of less than 2 sq. km. Nine rivers that run through the town

divide it into eight parts, with 15 bridges of various shapes and structure connecting the parts,

which becomes the enchanting sight attracting visitors far and near. Among the bridges, the oldest

is the Sleeping Dragon Bridge built in the Qing Dynasty (1644-1911).

浙江阿育王寺(无英文)

阿育王寺，位于浙江省宁波市区以东16公里太白山麓华顶峰下，是中国佛教

“中华五山”之一。是中国禅宗名刹“中华五刹”之一。始建于西晋武帝太康

三年(公元282年)，至今已有1700多年历史。

阿育王寺在中国佛教史以及中日文化交流史上有着重要地位，尤其是因寺内珍

藏佛国珍宝“释迦牟尼真身舍利”而闻名中外。舍利塔安放在金碧辉煌的舍利

殿内7级石塔之中，塔后有释迦牟尼卧像。舍利殿上挂有宋高宗御书“佛顶光明之塔”和宋孝宗御书“妙

胜之殿”匾额。

阿育王寺规模宏大，殿堂巍峨。有大佛殿、舍利殿等建筑600多间，占地面积8万多平方米。寺内完整地

保存有“大唐阿育王寺常住田碑”、宋代著名文学家苏轼撰的《宸奎阁记》碑和宋状元张久成撰书的“妙

喜泉铭”碑等众多的文化古迹。

阿育王寺为全国重点佛教寺院，省级文物保护单位。寺内珍藏着一座名闻天下的佛祖舍利宝塔，是国内现

存唯一以印度阿育王命名的千年古寺。

阿育王寺气宇宏大，结构古朴，集建筑、雕刻、园林、绘画、古迹名胜之大成，尤其是舍利殿里的舍利塔，

塔内供奉镇寺之宝佛舍利，深为国内外旅游者及佛教徒所向往。

浙江天童禅寺（无英文）

天童禅寺位于浙江省宁波市区以东25公里的太白山麓，号称“东南佛国”，

为佛教禅宗五山之第二。建于西晋永康元年(公元300年)，至今已有1600多

年历史。寺院傍山而筑，梯级布局，有天王殿、法堂(藏经楼)、先觉堂、罗

汉堂、钟楼、御书楼等20多幢古建筑。原有999间，为历代兵火所毁，现尚

存730多间，占地面积5.8万平方米，其规模之大，为国内罕见。天童寺座

落在国家森林公园，整个寺院掩映于茂林修竹间，群山环抱，古木参天，有

十大景点点缀其间。寺内有清代顺治、康熙、雍正皇帝的御书碑刻等文物。

天童寺作为佛教胜地，不但是临济宗的重要门庭，还是拥有800万教徒、33000余所寺庙的日本佛教主要

流派曹洞宗的祖庭，在中日文化交流史上有着重要地位，在日本和东南亚久负盛名。

天童寺为全国重点佛教寺院，省级文物保护单位。在浙江省宁波市以东25公里的太白山麓坐落着中国佛教

禅宗“中华五山”之二——天童禅寺。

浙江保国寺

保国寺位于浙江省宁波郊区灵山之麓，距市区15公里，是中国江南幸存的最

古老最完整的木结构建筑。至今已有970多年历史。它由山门、天王殿、大殿

等建筑组成，占地面积1.3万余平方米，建筑面积0.6万余平方米。

保国寺大殿在中国建筑史上具有很高的历史、艺术和科学价值。大殿平面的主

要特点是进深大于面阔，呈纵长方形，这在同时代的佛殿建筑中极为罕见。整

个大殿的全部结构皆用斗拱之间的巧妙衔接和精确的榫卯技术，不用一枚铁钉

将建筑物的各个构件牢固地结合在一起，承托起整个殿堂屋顶50余吨的重量。在大殿前槽天花板上，还巧

妙地安排了三个与整体结构有机衔接的镂空藻井，用天花板和藻井遮住了大殿的梁架，下面不容易看到，

故被称为“无梁殿”。无梁殿除建筑风格独特外，还有虫不蛀，鸟不入，蜘蛛不结网，灰尘不上梁之奇。

保国寺为全国重点文物保护单位。

Baoguo Temple

The Baoguo Temple lies in a valley of Lingshan Mountain in the suburb of Ningbo City, Zhejiang Province.

The temple is built on a slope. Arranged along the central axis that extends northward are the Heavenly King Hall,

the Main Hall, the Hall of Goddess of Mercy and the Sutra Attic, with the Bell Tower and the Drum Tower on the two

wings and other buildings. It has the flavor of traditional Chinese architecture and shows a distinction between

different structures. In front of the hall, there are springs and ponds, rippling all year round. Following the

steps from the foot of the mountain, you can reach the Baoguo Temple.

The Main Hall, built in the 6

th

year (1013) during the Dazhong Xiangfu reign of the Northern Song

Dynasty (960-1127), is three bays in width and depth, and is in the layout of a vertical rectangle

to let more disciples express their homage. In the front, three sunk panels are ingeniously

installed, demonstrating the fine and rare architectural techniques at that time. The sunk panels

are at a low position, while the place for the statue of Buddha is high and spacious, forming

striking contrast. This well sets off an atmosphere of solemnity and superiority of the Buddha.

The Main Hall employs wooden square blocks inserted between the top of a column and a crossbeam

in several places, along the outer eaves, on columns and crossbeams. The columns in the hall are

made with ingenuity, that around a relatively small column, some long curved pieces of wood are

wrapped to make the column in the shape of arris. In this way, it not only saves materials, but

also makes the appearance look more gorgeous. The hall refrains from using flashy ornaments and

focuses on its practicality. It can effectively reduce damages caused by earthquakes.

With a history of more than 960 years, the temple is a rare example of wooden structure construction

in the south area of the Yangtze River. The fact that it is perfectly preserved under the rainy

and moist conditions shows forcefully its reasonable design and superb techniques.

It serves as a significant evidence for the research on wooden-structure

constructions in the early period of the Northern Song Dynasty.

The temple is surrounded in secluded mountains and dense forests as well as picturesque scenery.

浙江宁波天一阁

浙江宁波的天一阁是我国现存的最古老的藏书楼。它毗邻风光秀美的月湖，距

今已经有大约430余年的历史，由于其藏书丰富，古代珍品数量惊人所以具有

“南国书城”之盛誉。

走近宁波天一阁，雄踞于大门两侧的是一对清代雌雄石狮子，大门正中悬挂着

中国国画大师潘天寿书写的“南国书城”的匾额。而两旁的对联“天一遗形源长垂远，南雷深意藏久尤难”

则为中国当代著名文献学家顾廷龙所撰写。

当你跨跨入天一阁大门，迎接你的是气势恢宏“溪山逸子”与麒麟堆塑，北侧为新建的藏书楼，再向前行

进则是享誉海内外的藏书楼。

天一阁是全国重点文物保护单位，党和国家的领导人刘少奇、胡耀邦、李鹏等曾先后来阁视察，国内外著

名专家、学者前来考察者更络绎不绝。如今的天一阁则成了国内外游客到宁波之后的必经之地！

Tianyi Pavilion

The Tianyi Pavilion is located in the west of Yuehu Lake in Ningbo City, Zhejiang Province.

First built by Fan Qin, a high-ranking official equivalent to today's national defense minister, during Emperor

Jia Jing's reign in the Ming Dynasty (1368-1644). The Tianyi Pavilion Library is the oldest well-preserved private

library in China today. It is a combination of culture, social studies, history and art.

Fan Qin loved collecting ancient books all his life, and his collection of books reached 70,000. To protect the

books, Fan Qin made strict family rules that all the posterity should abide by the teachings of the deceased, Never

discard the books, and never take the books away. However, many books disappeared as the years passed by. In the

thirteenth year (1808) of the Jiaqing reign of the Qing Dynasty, books in the pavilion totaled to 4,049 in more

than 53,000 volumes. During the Opium War, British aggressors plundered many books and sold them to French missionaries

and paper mills. After many accidentals, books in the pavilion merely totaled 1,591 in 13,038 volumes in 1940. After

the founding of the People's Republic of China, special management departments were set up to protect the Tianyi

Pavilion. More than 3,000 volumes of missing books were found.

Now, the Tianyi Pavilion keeps a large collection of about 300,000 ancient books, among which 80,000 are rare copies

including the woodcut copies and handwritten copies of the Song and Ming Dynasties. They are rich sources of local

chronicles and imperial examinations and are precious materials for the study of history, people, social customs

and habits. The Tianyi Pavilion Library is called the "Book City of South China". The Tianyi Pavilion is not only

world famous for its wide collection of books, but also for its unique architecture and elegant landscape.

The Tianyi Pavilion has a flush gable roof, and is six bays wide and deep, with a corridor extending from the front

to the back. In front of the pavilion is a pond that stores water for fireproof. Fan Wenguang, Fan Qin's great-grandson,

rebuilt the pavilion by laying rockery around the lake, building kiosks and bridges, planting flowers and grass

in the fourth year (1665) of the Kangxi reign in the Qing Dynasty. The whole pavilion and the milieu feature the

style of private gardens south of the lower reaches of the Yangtze River. During its rebuilding in 1933, the Zunjing

Pavilion of Confucian Temple in Ningbo was moved to the backyard. Steles from the Song (960-1279) to Qing Dynasties

in Ningbo City were also put there. These steles and the Zunjing Pavilion are called the Stele Forest in Mingzhou.

杭州灵隐寺

灵隐寺是江南著名古刹之一，又名云林禅寺，在西湖西北，面对飞来峰。始

建于东晋，到现在已有一千六百多年历史。当时印度僧人慧理来杭，看到这

里山峰奇秀，以为是“仙灵所隐”，就在这里建寺，取名灵隐。五代吴越国

时，曾两次大兴土木，将灵隐寺扩建为有九楼、 十八阁、七十二殿堂的大

寺，房屋达1300 余间，僧众达3000人。元代曾毁于兵火。后又历经多次毁

建，才形成现在的面貌。

灵隐寺建筑雄伟，佛像伟岸，为杭州四大丛林中殿宇

最大的一处，是中国禅宗古刹之一。灵隐寺最前面是天王殿，上悬“云林禅寺” 匾

额，是清代康熙的手笔。正中为弥勒佛阁，里面坐着袒胸露腹的弥勒佛像。弥勒佛

后壁的佛龛里，站着神态庄严、手执降魔杵的韦驮菩萨，由独块香樟木雕成，是南

宋遗物。天王殿前一对经幢，为开宝二年（969年）吴越国王钱