2024年3月30日发(作者：)

2011年考研英语一真题

Section I Use of English

Directions:

Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A], B], C]

or D] on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)

Ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle viewed laughter as “a bodily exercise precious to health.”

But __1___some claims to the contrary, laughing probably has little influence on physical fitness

Laughter does __2___short-term changes in the function of the heart and its blood vessels, ___3_

heart rate and oxygen consumption But because hard laughter is difficult to __4__, a good laugh is

unlikely to have __5___ benefits the way, say, walking or jogging does.

__6__, instead of straining muscles to build them, as exercise does, laughter apparently

accomplishes the __7__, studies dating back to the 1930’s indicate that laughter__8___ muscles,

decreasing muscle tone for up to 45 minutes after the laugh dies down.

Such bodily reaction might conceivably help _9__the effects of psychological stress. Anyway,

the act of laughing probably does produce other types of ___10___ feedback, that improve an

individual’s emotional state. __11____one classical theory of emotion, our feelings are partially

rooted ____12___ physical reactions. It was argued at the end of the 19th century that humans do

not cry ___13___they are sad but they become sad when the tears begin to flow.

Although sadness also ____14___ tears, evidence suggests that emotions can flow __15___

muscular responses. In an experiment published in 1988,social psychologist Fritz Strack of the

University of würzburg in Germany asked volunteers to __16___ a pen either with their

teeth-thereby creating an artificial smile – or with their lips, which would produce a(n) __17___

expression. Those forced to exercise their enthusiastically to funny catoons than did those whose

months were contracted in a frown, ____19___ that expressions may influence emotions rather than

just the other way around __20__ , the physical act of laughter could improve mood.

1.A]among B]except C]despite D]like

2.A]reflect B]demand C]indicate D]produce

3.A]stabilizing B]boosting C]impairing D]determining

4.A]transmit B]sustain C]evaluate D]observe

5.A]measurable B]manageable C]affordable D]renewable

6.A]In turn B]In fact C]In addition D]In brief

7.A]opposite B]impossible C]average D]expected

8.A]hardens B]weakens C]tightens D]relaxes

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9.A]aggravate B]generate C]moderate D]enhance

10.A]physical B]mental C]subconscious D]internal

11.A]Except for B]According to C]Due to D]As for

12.A]with B]on C]in D]at

13.A]unless B]until C]if D]because

14.A]exhausts B]follows C]precedes D]suppresses

15.A]into B]from C]towards D]beyond

16.A]fetch B]bite C]pick D]hold

17.A]disappointed B]excited C]joyful D]indifferent

18.A]adapted B]catered C]turned D]reacted

19.A]suggesting B]requiring C]mentioning D]supposing

20.A]Eventually B]Consequently C]Similarly D]Conversely

Section II Reading Comprehension

Part A

Directions:

Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A], B], C] or D].

Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)

Text 1

The decision of the New York Philharmonic to hire Alan Gilbert as its next music director has been

the talk of the classical-music world ever since the sudden announcement of his appointment in

2009. For the most part, the response has been favorable, to say the least. “Hooray! At last!” wrote

Anthony Tommasini, a sober-sided classical-music critic.

One of the reasons why the appointment came as such a surprise, however, is that Gilbert is

comparatively little known. Even Tommasini, who had advocated Gilbert’s appointment in the

Times, calls him “an unpretentious musician with no air of the formidable conductor about him.”

As a description of the next music director of an orchestra that has hitherto been led by musicians

like Gustav Mahler and Pierre Boulez, that seems likely to have struck at least some Times readers

as faint praise.

For my part, I have no idea whether Gilbert is a great conductor or even a good one. To be sure, he

performs an impressive variety of interesting compositions, but it is not necessary for me to visit

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Avery Fisher Hall, or anywhere else, to hear interesting orchestral music. All I have to do is to go to

my CD shelf, or boot up my computer and download still more recorded music from iTunes.

Devoted concertgoers who reply that recordings are no substitute for live performance are missing

the point. For the time, attention, and money of the art-loving public, classical instrumentalists must

compete not only with opera houses, dance troupes, theater companies, and museums, but also with

the recorded performances of the great classical musicians of the 20th century. There recordings are

cheap, available everywhere, and very often much higher in artistic quality than today’s live

performances; moreover, they can be “consumed” at a time and place of the listener’s choosing.

The widespread availability of such recordings has thus brought about a crisis in the institution of

the traditional classical concert.

One possible response is for classical performers to program attractive new music that is not yet

available on record. Gilbert’s own interest in new music has been widely noted: Alex Ross, a

classical-music critic, has described him as a man who is capable of turning the Philharmonic into

“a markedly different, more vibrant organization.” But what will be the nature of that difference?

Merely expanding the orchestra’s repertoire will not be enough. If Gilbert and the Philharmonic are

to succeed, they must first change the relationship between America’s oldest orchestra and the new

audience it hops to attract.

21. We learn from Para.1 that Gilbert’s appointment has

A]incurred criticism.

B]raised suspicion.

C]received acclaim.

D]aroused curiosity.

22. Tommasini regards Gilbert as an artist who is

A]influential.

B]modest.

C]respectable.

D]talented.

23. The author believes that the devoted concertgoers

A]ignore the expenses of live performances.

B]reject most kinds of recorded performances.

C]exaggerate the variety of live performances.

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D]overestimate the value of live performances.

24. According to the text, which of the following is true of recordings?

A]They are often inferior to live concerts in quality.

B]They are easily accessible to the general public.

C]They help improve the quality of music.

D]They have only covered masterpieces.

25. Regarding Gilbert’s role in revitalizing the Philharmonic, the author feels

A]doubtful.

B]enthusiastic.

C]confident.

D]puzzled.

Text 2

When Liam McGee departed as president of Bank of America in August, his explanation was

surprisingly straight up. Rather than cloaking his exit in the usual vague excuses, he came right out

and said he was leaving “to pursue my goal of running a company.” Broadcasting his ambition was

“very much my decision,” McGee says. Within two weeks, he was talking for the first time with the

board of Hartford Financial Services Group, which named him CEO and chairman on September

29.

McGee says leaving without a position lined up gave him time to reflect on what kind of company

he wanted to run. It also sent a clear message to the outside world about his aspirations. And McGee

isn’t alone. In recent weeks the No.2 executives at Avon and American Express quit with the

explanation that they were looking for a CEO post. As boards scrutinize succession plans in

response to shareholder pressure, executives who don’t get the nod also may wish to move on. A

turbulent business environment also has senior managers cautious of letting vague pronouncements

cloud their reputations.

As the first signs of recovery begin to take hold, deputy chiefs may be more willing to make the

jump without a net. In the third quarter, CEO turnover was down 23% from a year ago as nervous

boards stuck with the leaders they had, according to Liberum Research. As the economy picks up,

opportunities will abound for aspiring leaders.

The decision to quit a senior position to look for a better one is unconventional. For years

executives and headhunters have adhered to the rule that the most attractive CEO candidates are the

ones who must be poached. Says Korn/Ferry senior partner Dennis Carey:”I can’t think of a single

search I’ve done where a board has not instructed me to look at sitting CEOs first.”

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Those who jumped without a job haven’t always landed in top positions quickly. Ellen Marram quit

as chief of Tropicana a decade age, saying she wanted to be a CEO. It was a year before she became

head of a tiny Internet-based commodities exchange. Robert Willumstad left Citigroup in 2005 with

ambitions to be a CEO. He finally took that post at a major financial institution three years later.

Many recruiters say the old disgrace is fading for top performers. The financial crisis has made it

more acceptable to be between jobs or to leave a bad one. “The traditional rule was it’s safer to stay

where you are, but that’s been fundamentally inverted,” says one headhunter. “The people who’ve

been hurt the worst are those who’ve stayed too long.”

26. When McGee announced his departure, his manner can best be described as being

A]arrogant.

B]frank.

C]self-centered.

D]impulsive.

27. According to Paragraph 2, senior executives’ quitting may be spurred by

A]their expectation of better financial status.

B]their need to reflect on their private life.

C]their strained relations with the boards.

D]their pursuit of new career goals.

28. The word “poached” (Line 3, Paragraph 4) most probably means

A]approved of.

B]attended to.

C]hunted for.

D]guarded against.

29. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that

A]top performers used to cling to their posts.

B]loyalty of top performers is getting out-dated.

C]top performers care more about reputations.

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D]it’s safer to stick to the traditional rules.

30. Which of the following is the best title for the text?

A]CEOs: Where to Go?

B]CEOs: All the Way Up?

C]Top Managers Jump without a Net

D]The Only Way Out for Top Performers

Text 3

The rough guide to marketing success used to be that you got what you paid for. No longer. While

traditional “paid” media – such as television commercials and print advertisements – still play a

major role, companies today can exploit many alternative forms of media. Consumers passionate

about a product may create “owned” media by sending e-mail alerts about products and sales to

customers registered with its Web site. The way consumers now approach the broad range of factors

beyond conventional paid media.

Paid and owned media are controlled by marketers promoting their own products. For earned

media , such marketers act as the initiator for users’ responses. But in some cases, one marketer’s

owned media become another marketer’s paid media – for instance, when an e-commerce retailer

sells ad space on its Web site. We define such sold media as owned media whose traffic is so strong

that other organizations place their content or e-commerce engines within that environment. This

trend ,which we believe is still in its infancy, effectively began with retailers and travel providers

such as airlines and hotels and will no doubt go further. Johnson & Johnson, for example, has

created BabyCenter, a stand-alone media property that promotes complementary and even

competitive products. Besides generating income, the presence of other marketers makes the site

seem objective, gives companies opportunities to learn valuable information about the appeal of

other companies’ marketing, and may help expand user traffic for all companies concerned.

The same dramatic technological changes that have provided marketers with more (and more

diverse) communications choices have also increased the risk that passionate consumers will voice

their opinions in quicker, more visible, and much more damaging ways. Such hijacked media are

the opposite of earned media: an asset or campaign becomes hostage to consumers, other

stakeholders, or activists who make negative allegations about a brand or product. Members of

social networks, for instance, are learning that they can hijack media to apply pressure on the

businesses that originally created them.

If that happens, passionate consumers would try to persuade others to boycott products, putting the

reputation of the target company at risk. In such a case, the company’s response may not be

sufficiently quick or thoughtful, and the learning curve has been steep. Toyota Motor, for example,

alleviated some of the damage from its recall crisis earlier this year with a relatively quick and

well-orchestrated social-media response campaign, which included efforts to engage with

consumers directly on sites such as Twitter and the social-news site Digg.

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ers may create “earned” media when they are

A] obscssed with online shopping at certain Web sites.

B] inspired by product-promoting e-mails sent to them.

C] eager to help their friends promote quality products.

D] enthusiastic about recommending their favorite products.

32. According to Paragraph 2,sold media feature

A] a safe business environment.

B] random competition.

C] strong user traffic.

D] flexibility in organization.

33. The author indicates in Paragraph 3 that earned media

A] invite constant conflicts with passionate consumers.

B] can be used to produce negative effects in marketing.

C] may be responsible for fiercer competition.

D] deserve all the negative comments about them.

34. Toyota Motor’s experience is cited as an example of

A] responding effectively to hijacked media.

B] persuading customers into boycotting products.

C] cooperating with supportive consumers.

D] taking advantage of hijacked media.

35. Which of the following is the text mainly about ?

A] Alternatives to conventional paid media.

B] Conflict between hijacked and earned media.

C] Dominance of hijacked media.

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D] Popularity of owned media.

Text 4

It’s no surprise that Jennifer Senior’s insightful, provocative magazine cover story, “I love My

Children, I Hate My Life,” is arousing much chatter – nothing gets people talking like the

suggestion that child rearing is anything less than a completely fulfilling, life-enriching experience.

Rather than concluding that children make parents either happy or miserable, Senior suggests we

need to redefine happiness: instead of thinking of it as something that can be measured by

moment-to-moment joy, we should consider being happy as a past-tense condition. Even though the

day-to-day experience of raising kids can be soul-crushingly hard, Senior writes that “the very

things that in the moment dampen our moods can later be sources of intense gratification and

delight.”

The magazine cover showing an attractive mother holding a cute baby is hardly the only

Madonna-and-child image on newsstands this week. There are also stories about newly adoptive –

and newly single – mom Sandra Bullock, as well as the usual “Jennifer Aniston is pregnant” news.

Practically every week features at least one celebrity mom, or mom-to-be, smiling on the

newsstands.

In a society that so persistently celebrates procreation, is it any wonder that admitting you regret

having children is equivalent to admitting you support kitten-killing ? It doesn’t seem quite fair,

then, to compare the regrets of parents to the regrets of the children. Unhappy parents rarely are

provoked to wonder if they shouldn’t have had kids, but unhappy childless folks are bothered with

the message that children are the single most important thing in the world: obviously their misery

must be a direct result of the gaping baby-size holes in their lives.

Of course, the image of parenthood that celebrity magazines like Us Weekly and People present is

hugely unrealistic, especially when the parents are single mothers like Bullock. According to

several studies concluding that parents are less happy than childless couples, single parents are the

least happy of all. No shock there, considering how much work it is to raise a kid without a partner

to lean on; yet to hear Sandra and Britney tell it, raising a kid on their “own” (read: with

round-the-clock help) is a piece of cake.

It’s hard to imagine that many people are dumb enough to want children just because Reese and

Angelina make it look so glamorous: most adults understand that a baby is not a haircut. But it’s

interesting to wonder if the images we see every week of stress-free, happiness-enhancing

parenthood aren’t in some small, subconscious way contributing to our own dissatisfactions with

the actual experience, in the same way that a small part of us hoped getting “ the Rachel” might

make us look just a little bit like Jennifer Aniston.

er Senior suggests in her article that raising a child can bring

Atemporary delight

B]enjoyment in progress

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C]happiness in retrospect

D]lasting reward

learn from Paragraph 2 that

A]celebrity moms are a permanent source for gossip.

B]single mothers with babies deserve greater attention.

C]news about pregnant celebrities is entertaining.

D]having children is highly valued by the public.

is suggested in Paragraph 3 that childless folks

A]are constantly exposed to criticism.

B]are largely ignored by the media.

C]fail to fulfill their social responsibilities.

D]are less likely to be satisfied with their life.

ing to Paragraph 4, the message conveyed by celebrity magazines is

A]soothing.

B]ambiguous.

C]compensatory.

D]misleading.

of the following can be inferred from the last paragraph?

A]Having children contributes little to the glamour of celebrity moms.

B]Celebrity moms have influenced our attitude towards child rearing.

C]Having children intensifies our dissatisfaction with life.

D]We sometimes neglect the happiness from child rearing.

Part B

Directions:

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The following paragraph are given in a wrong order. For Questions 41-45, you are required to

reorganize these paragraphs into a coherent text by choosing from the list A-G to filling them into

the numbered boxes. Paragraphs E and G have been correctly placed. Mark your answers on

ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)

A] No disciplines have seized on professionalism with as much enthusiasm as the humanities. You

can, Mr Menand points out, became a lawyer in three years and a medical doctor in four. But the

regular time it takes to get a doctoral degree in the humanities is nine years. Not surprisingly, up to

half of all doctoral students in English drop out before getting their degrees.

B] His concern is mainly with the humanities: Literature, languages, philosophy and so on. These

are disciplines that are going out of style: 22% of American college graduates now major in

business compared with only 2% in history and 4% in English. However, many leading American

universities want their undergraduates to have a grounding in the basic canon of ideas that every

educated person should posses. But most find it difficult to agree on what a “general education”

should look like. At Harvard, Mr Menand notes, “the great books are read because they have been

read”-they form a sort of social glue.

C] Equally unsurprisingly, only about half end up with professorships for which they entered

graduate school. There are simply too few posts. This is partly because universities continue to

produce ever more PhDs. But fewer students want to study humanities subjects: English

departments awarded more bachelor’s degrees in 1970-71 than they did 20 years later. Fewer

students requires fewer teachers. So, at the end of a decade of theses-writing, many humanities

students leave the profession to do something for which they have not been trained.

D] One reason why it is hard to design and teach such courses is that they can cut across the

insistence by top American universities that liberal-arts educations and professional education

should be kept separate, taught in different schools. Many students experience both varieties.

Although more than half of Harvard undergraduates end up in law, medicine or business, future

doctors and lawyers must study a non-specialist liberal-arts degree before embarking on a

professional qualification.

E] Besides professionalizing the professions by this separation, top American universities have

professionalised the professor. The growth in public money for academic research has speeded the

process: federal research grants rose fourfold between 1960and 1990, but faculty teaching hours fell

by half as research took its toll. Professionalism has turned the acquisition of a doctoral degree into

a prerequisite for a successful academic career: as late as 1969a third of American professors did

not possess one. But the key idea behind professionalisation, argues Mr Menand, is that “the

knowledge and skills needed for a particular specialization are transmissible but not

transferable.”So disciplines acquire a monopoly not just over the production of knowledge, but also

over the production of the producers of knowledge.

F] The key to reforming higher education, concludes Mr Menand, is to alter the way in which “the

producers of knowledge are produced.”Otherwise, academics will continue to think dangerously

alike, increasingly detached from the societies which they study, investigate and

criticize.”Academic inquiry, at least in some fields, may need to become less exclusionary and more

holistic.”Yet quite how that happens, Mr Menand dose not say.

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G] The subtle and intelligent little book The Marketplace of Ideas: Reform and Resistance in the

American University should be read by every student thinking of applying to take a doctoral degree.

They may then decide to go elsewhere. For something curious has been happening in American

Universities, and Louis Menand, a professor of English at Harvard University, captured it skillfully.

G → 41. →42. → E →43. →44. →45.

Part C

Directions:

Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your

translation should be written carefully on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)

With its theme that “Mind is the master weaver,” creating our inner character and outer

circumstances, the book As a Man Thinking by James Allen is an in-depth exploration of the central

idea of self-help writing.

(46) Allen’s contribution was to take an assumption we all share-that because we are not robots we

therefore control our thoughts-and reveal its erroneous nature. Because most of us believe that mind

is separate from matter, we think that thoughts can be hidden and made powerless; this allows us to

think one way and act another. However, Allen believed that the unconscious mind generates as

much action as the conscious mind, and (47) while we may be able to sustain the illusion of control

through the conscious mind alone, in reality we are continually faced with a question: “Why cannot

I make myself do this or achieve that? ”

Since desire and will are damaged by the presence of thoughts that do not accord with desire, Allen

concluded : “ We do not attract what we want, but what we are.” Achievement happens because you

as a person embody the external achievement; you don’t “ get” success but become it. There is no

gap between mind and matter.

Part of the fame of Allen’s book is its contention that “Circumstances do not make a person, they

reveal him.” (48) This seems a justification for neglect of those in need, and a rationalization of

exploitation, of the superiority of those at the top and the inferiority of those at the bottom.

This ,however, would be a knee-jerk reaction to a subtle argument. Each set of circumstances,

however bad, offers a unique opportunity for growth. If circumstances always determined the life

and prospects of people, then humanity would never have progressed. In fat, (49)circumstances

seem to be designed to bring out the best in us and if we feel that we have been “wronged” then we

are unlikely to begin a conscious effort to escape from our situation .Nevertheless, as any

biographer knows, a person’s early life and its conditions are often the greatest gift to an individual.

The sobering aspect of Allen’s book is that we have no one else to blame for our present condition

except ourselves. (50) The upside is the possibilities contained in knowing that everything is up to

us; where before we were experts in the array of limitations, now we become authorities of what is

possible.

Section Ⅲ Writing

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Part A

51. Directions:

Write a letter to a friend of yours to

1) recommend one of your favorite movies and

2) give reasons for your recommendation

Your should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2

Do not sign your own name at the end of the leter. User “LI MING” instead.

Do not writer the address.(10 points)

Part B

52. Directions:

Write an essay of 160---200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should

1) describe the drawing briefly,

2) explain it’s intended meaning, and

3) give your comments.

Your should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points)

2011年考研英语一真题参考答案

客观题

Section I Use of English

CDBBA BADCA BCDCB DADAC

Section II Reading Comprehension

Part A

DBDBA BDCAC DCBAA CCDDB

Part B

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41.B 42.D 43.A 44.C 45.F

翻译题：

46、艾伦的贡献在于提供了我们能分担和揭示错误性质的假设--因为我们不是机器人，因此

我们能够控制我们的理想。

47、我们可以单独通过意识维持控制的感觉，但实际上我们一直面临着一个问题，为什么我

不能完成这件事情或那件事情。

48、这似乎可能为必要时的忽视正名，也能合理说明剥削，以及在顶层的人的优越感及处于

后层人们的劣势感。

49、环境似乎是为了发挥我们的优势，而且如果我们感觉受了委屈，那么我们就不可能有意

识的做出努力逃离我们原来的处境。

50、正面在于我们处于这样的位置，知道所有事情都取决与我们自己，之前我们是受到一系

列限制的专家，现在我们成了权威

作文

51. Directions:

Write a letter to a friend of yours to

1) recommend one of your favorite movies and

2) give reasons for your recommendation.

You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET2.

Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use”Li Ming”instead.

Do not write the address.(10points)

小作文范文：

Dear friends:

I am writing, without hesitation, to share one of my favorite movies, If You Are The One,

with you, which is not only conducive to your study, but also beneficial to your life。

For one thing, it’s storyline is very tight and characters' language is classic and

thought-provoking. For another thing, the profound cultural elements implicit in the scene will

equip you with profound cultural background and, above all, enrich your daily life。

Would you like to see this movie after my recommendation? Remember to tell me your

opinion about the movie. I am looking forward to your early reply。

Yours,

Li Ming

52、Direction

Write an essay of 160-200words based on the following drawing .In your essay ,you should

1) describe the drawing briefly

2) explain its intended measing and

3) give your comments

You should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET2.(20points)

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Our surroundings are being polluted fast and man's present efforts cannot prevent it. Time is

bringing us more people, and more people will bring us more industry, more cars, larger cities and

the growing use of man-made materials. The drawing sets us thinking too much due to its

far-reaching influence。

Nowadays, though the awareness of protecting environment is being accepted by more and

more people, we can still see many unpleasant scenes especially in scenic spots. Why does this

phenomenon arise? Many factors are accounting for it. First and foremost, to some people, the

consciousness of protecting environment is still not so strong. They may not think it is a big deal to

throw rubbish everywhere. In addition, the environmental management system isn’t so satisfying.

For example, in some places there’re few regulations or the implementation is seldom performed

actually。

From what has been discussed above, it is urgent to take some effective and relative measures.

In the first place, we should continue to conduct more propaganda in communities and schools so as

to let people realize the importance of protecting environment. In the second, more rules should be

made and carried out by the government to restrain the conduction of destroying environment.

People should work together to create clean and beautiful surroundings。

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