2024年3月13日发(作者：)

2021年考研英语翻译真题及详细解析(英译汉)

2021年考研英语英译汉试题及解析

In his autobiography, Darwin himself speaks of his

intellectual powers with extraordinary modesty. He points out

that he always experienced much difficulty in expressing

himself clearly and concisely, but (46) he believes that this

very difficulty may have had the compensating advantage of

forcing him to think long and intently about every sentence,

and thus enabling him to detect errors in reasoning and in his

own observations. He disclaimed the possession of any great

quickness of apprehension or wit, such as distinguished Huxley.

(47) He asserted, also, that his power to follow a long and

purely abstract train of thought was very limited, for which

reason he felt certain that he never could have succeeded with

mathematics. His memory, too, he described as extensive, but

hazy. So poor in one sense was it that he never could remember

for more than a few days a single date or a line of poetry. (48)

On the other hand, he did not accept as well founded the charge

made by some of his critics that, while he was a good observer,

he had no power of reasoning. This, he thought, could not be

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true, because the “Origin of Species” is one long argument

from the beginning to the end, and has convinced many able men.

No one, he submits, could have written it without possessing

some power of reasoning. He was willing to assert that “I have

a fair share of invention, and of common sense or judgment, such

as every fairly successful lawyer or doctor must have, but not,

I believe, in any higher degree.” (49) He adds humbly that

perhaps he was “superior to the common run of men in noticing

things which easily escape attention, and in observing them

carefully.”

Writing in the last year of his life, he expressed the

opinion that in two or three respects his mind had changed

during the preceding twenty or thirty years. Up to the age of

thirty or beyond it poetry of many kinds gave him great pleasure.

Formerly, too, pictures had given him considerable, and music

very great, delight. In 1881, however, he said: “Now for many

years I cannot endure to read a line of poetry. I have also

almost lost my taste for pictures or music.” (50) Darwin was

convinced that the loss of these tastes was not only a loss of

happiness, but might possibly be injurious to the intellect,

and more probably to the moral character.

真题解析

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46. He believes / that (this very )difficulty may have had

the compensating advantage (of forcing him to think long and

intently about every sentence, // and thus enabling him to

detect errors in reasoning and in his own observations.)

句子结构分析

(1)本句是一个主从复合句，含有一个that引导的宾语从句;其

主干是he believes that (difficulty may have had the advantage).

(2)宾语从句“that this very…his own observations”含有

of引导的两个后置定语“of forcing him to…his own observations”;

由于是分词短语作定语，且太长，翻译时要找到与主句的逻辑关系，

翻译成非定语成分。

词语用法解释

(1)very

adj. 表示“真正的，真实的，恰好的”等等。

adv. 表示“很，甚，及其，非常，完全”等。例如：The very idea

of cheating people again is distasteful to him.(他一想到还要

欺骗人就感到很不是滋味。)

表示加强语气，意思是“就是，正是”，原文正是此种用法。

(2)compensate

vi.&vt. 表示“补偿，赔偿，酬报”等。如：to compensate sb.

for (为……向某人赔偿)，Nothing can compensate the young mother

for the loss of her favrourite daughter.(年轻的妈妈丧失了自

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己心爱的女儿是任何东西也弥补不了的。)本句是其现在分词作定语，

译成“弥补的，补偿的”。

(3)advantage

n.表示“优势，有利条件，利益，便利”等等。如：Many women

think this is an advantage for men. (许多妇女认为这是男人的

优越之处。)This hall combines the advantages of the ball room

and of a meeting place.(这个大厅既可作舞厅,又可作会场。)

常用短语：take advantage of (利用，欺骗)，at an advantage

(有利地)，be of advantage to (对……有利)，gain an advantage

over/of (胜过, 优于)。

(4)enable 见2021年49题解释。

(5)detect

vt.表示“发现，察觉，注意到”。例：The dentist could detect

no sign of decay in her teeth.(牙医在她的牙齿上找不到蛀蚀的

迹象。)表示“侦察出，查明(常与in连用)”。例如：He was detected

in the act of stealing.(他在偷窃时被当场发觉。)此处是“查明，

发现”的意思。

(6)reason

n.表示“理由, 原因, 动机, 理智, 前提”等。如：There are

reasons for this great interest in the ideas, feelings, and

actions of youth.(对年轻人的思想、感情和行动发生这样巨大的兴

趣, 自有它的道理。)

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vt.表示“说服, 推论, 辩论”。如：reason with sb. for/against

sth. (因赞成/反对……同某人讲道理/辩论)。

vi.表示“推论, 劝说, 思考”。如：to reason a person out of

fear(劝人别害怕)。

常用短语：it stands to reason (合乎道理)，with reason (有

理由，合乎情理)。例如：He thinks, with reason, that I don’t

like him.(他有理由认为我不喜欢他。)

本句可译成“推理”。

参考译文

他(达尔文)认为，正是这种困难起了弥补作用，使他长时间专注

地思考每个句子，从而能在推理和亲自观察中发现自己的错误。

更多2021年考研英语复习资料请访问：考研英语复习

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本文为“2021年考研英语翻译真题及详细解析(英译汉)”以供

广大学员参考使用。预祝各位考生复习顺利。

47. He asserted, // also, that his power to follow a long

and purely abstract train of thought was very limited, / for

which reason he felt certain // that he never could have

succeeded with mathematics.

句子结构分析

(1)本句是一个复杂的主从复合句，包括两个that引导的宾语从

句、一个for引导的原因状语从句，主句的主干是he asserted that

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