2024年1月24日发(作者：)

2017年全国大学生英语竞赛初赛试卷及答案(B类)

D

Jetlag is the (21)__________ of the body’s natural cycle and some

factors make it worse. The artificial atmosphere inside a plane can affect

the body in a number of ways and add to the effects of jetlag.

Exercising before flights helps to offset the effects on the body of

reduced (22) _________, and aerobic exercise afterwards helps to

reoxygenate it. Drink plenty of water. Children may need more. Drinking

carrot juice before flying overcomes oxygen deficiency.

Eat light, frequent meals. Heavy meals (23) __________ the blood

circulation, which can lead to dizziness and fainting. For two weeks before

you fly, eat plenty of food containing vitamins A and E; they will build up

your (24) __________ and help to keep you fit. Sleep as much as you can

before the flight and on it. On board, wear earplugs and eye pads because

darkness (25) __________ secretion of the hormones that enhance sleep.

Avoid alcohol, which restricts the brain’s oxygen intake. Like tea and

coffee, alcohol increases the dehydration effect of flying. If you need to

drink to relax, (26) __________ that the cabin environment intensifies the

effect of alcohol.

Wear loose, comfortable, warm clothes and limber up during flight.

Sitting down for several hours slows down the (27) _________, leading to

local stiffness, cramps and dizziness. Re-adjust to local time as soon as you

can. Bright light helps the body stay alert, so if you are going somewhere

sunny, stay outside.

Do not smoke before or during the flight since smoking (28)

___________ the blood oxygen level. If you need to calm your nerves, try

aromatherapy oils which have a sedative effect. (29) _________

your doctor before flying if you are on medication. The effects of some

drugs are strengthened at high altitudes and some may produce (30)

_________.

Part II Vocabulary and Structure (15 marks)

There are 15 incomplete sentences in this section. For each blank there

are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes

the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the answer sheet with

a single line through the centre.

31—35 BDABC 36—40 BDDAB 41—45 CADBC

31. What we all work for is to free ___B_____ time for the things we really

want to do.

A. off B. up

C. aside D. in

32. You ____D_____ his words seriously. He was talking nonsense.

A. won’t take

B. may not take

C. mustn’t have taken

D. needn’t have taken

33. Never hesitate to _____A____ the first opportunity that comes along.

A. seize B. draw

C. who; that D. obtain

34. His mother __B______ hated city life longed to return to the village in

_______she grew up.

A. that; where B. who; which C. who; that

D. who; where

35. All things ___C____, I think I’d better take your advice.

A. considering B. to be considered C. considered

D. have been considered

36. Twelve European countries ___AB_____ over to the Euro on January

1st, 2002.

A. transformed B. switched C.

reversed D. altered

37. She isn’t anything ___C___D__ unpleasant as people say she is.

A. as like B. like C.

as D. like as

38. Stop complaining. You really ____D____ my nerves.

A. get down B. get along C. get

off D. get on

39. There wasn’t ___B__A__ truth in what he said.

A. a grain of B. a ray of C. a

point of D. a drop of

40. _____C_B__ for my savings, I wouldn’t be able to survive these

miserable days.

A. Was it not

B. Were it not

C. Had it been not

D. Hadn’t it been

41. There was a power cut this morning. ____C____, I couldn’t do anything

with my computer.

A. Supposedly B. Presumably C.

Consequently D. Essentially

42. Alarm clocks needlessly wake __A____ households. I want to design

something targeted at the individual sleeper.

A. whole B. total C. full

D. high

43. ___D____ both parties agree on these issues will a contract be signed

soon.

A. If only B. Unless C.

Should D. Only if

44.—I’ve run out of cash. Could you lend me a few pounds this evening?

—__C_B__ I’ll just have to find time to get to the bank and make a

withdrawal.

A.I can lend you some now.

B. I’m not sure I’ve got any either.

C. Sorry, I haven’t got a penny in my account.

D. My credit card must be left home.

45. —We’re all going to the New Skyline Restaurant for our end-of-year

get-together. Can we count you in?

—Oh, thanks, Sara, but ___B__ C

A. I didn’t find you then. B. I’ve been to

the restaurant once.

C. I’ll pass this time. D. I’ll meet

you there at 5:00.

Part III Cloze (10 marks)

Read the following passage and fill in each blank with one word. Choose the

correct word in one of the following three ways: according to the context, by

using the correct form of the given word, or by using the given letters of the

word. Remember to write the answers on the answer sheet.

46. likelihood

51. dozens

47. fortune

52. least

48. take 49. with 50. knowing

53. burning /simple 55. realize

Did you know that for every 20,000 novels written, only one gets published?

So the (46) ____ (likely) that I’ll ever fulfill my ambition of becoming a

professional mystery writer doesn’t seem very high. But the prospect of

turning my lifelong passion into my livelihood and achieving fame and (47)

for ______ at the same time is just too exciting for me to be put off by dull

statistics.

So what does it (48) t_______ to become a writer? Reading is

important—all writers need to research their genre thoroughly to

familiarize themselves (49) _______ its codes and conventions. My

bookshelves at home are stacked with the novels of all the great mystery

writers, which I’ve read and in many cases, re-read, despite (50) _______

(know) all the time “who’d done it”.

Of course, being a writer requires imagination. You have to develop

your own personal style rather than simply copy the work of “the greats”.

I’ve turned out (51) d________ of short crime stories for my university

student magazine—some have been published, some not, but I’ve always

aimed to produce original and imaginative material.

Last but not (52) ________, successful writers possess enormous

self-discipline. I’ve often sacrificed my social life in order to devote the

necessary time and effort to producing a good quality story. And more than

once that has meant (53) _______ the midnight oil.

We’ve got a novel inside us. Getting it out in anywhere near publishable

form is no (54) ______ task, but with imagination and determination, and

the help of an expert on “master class”, who could possibly fail to (55)

re_______ their ambition?

Part IV Reading Comprehension (40 marks)

Read the following passages. Each passage is followed by several questions.

Respond to the questions using information from the passage. Remember to

write the answers on the answer sheet.

Section A (10 marks)

Questions 56—60 are based on the following passage.

The term culture shock was

introduced for the first time in 1958

to describe the anxiety produced

when a person moves to a completely

new environment. This term

expresses the feeling of not knowing

what to do or how to do things in a new environment. This term expresses

the feeling of not knowing what to do or how to do things in a new

environment. We can describe culture shock as the physical and emotional

discomfort a person suffers when coming to live in a place different from

the place of origin.

Often, the way that we live before is not accepted or considered as

normal in the new place. Everything is different, for example, not speaking

the language, not knowing how to use banking machines, not knowing how

to use telephones, and so forth.

The symptoms of culture shock can appear at different times.

Although a person can experience real pain from culture shock, it is also an

opportunity for growing and learning new perspectives. Culture shock can

help people develop a better understanding of themselves and stimulate

personal creativity.

Culture shock has many stages. Each stage can be ongoing, or appear

only at certain times. In the first stage, the new arrival may feel very happy

about all of the new experience. This time is called the honeymoon stage.

Afterward, the second stage presents itself. A person may encounter some

difficulties in daily life. For example, communication difficulties may occur,

such as not being understood. In this stage, there may be feelings of

impatience, anger and sadness. Transition between the old methods and

those of the new country is a difficult process and takes time to complete.

The third stage is characterized by gaining some understanding of the new

culture. A new feeling of pleasure and sense of humor may be experienced.

A person may start to feel a psychological balance. The individual is more

familiar with the environment and wants to belong. This starts an

evaluation of the old ways versus those of the new. In the fourth stage, the

person realizes that the new culture has good and bad things to offer. This

stage can be one of double integration or triple integration, depending on

the number of cultures that the person has to process. This integration is

characterized by a more solid feeling of belonging. The person starts to

define himself or herself and establish goals for living. The fifth stage is the

stage that is called the reentry shock. This occurs when a person returns to

the newly acquired customs are considered improper in the old culture.

Questions 56—60

Complete the summary with words from the passage, changing the form

where necessary, with only one word for each blank.

Introduced in 1958, culture shock is a term used to (56) __________

physical and emotional discomfort people experience when they come to or

live in a new place. Although many people suffer a lot from culture shock, it

is an (57) _________ for personal improvement. The five stages of culture

shock may last for a long time or show up once in a while. In the first stage,

the (58) __________ stage, the new arrival might be OK with everything.

Afterward, (59) ________ from old methods to the new one calls for time

and energy. During the third and fourth stage, people may gain more

understanding of the new culture and possess objective views. The double

or triple integration is (60) __________ by a feeling of belonging. The last

stage, called reentry shock, refers to the feeling people have when returning

to their home country.

Section B (10 marks)

Questions 61-65 are based on the following passage.

For some people, it would be unthinkable. But Gabe Henderson is finding

freedom in a recent decision; he canceled his MySpace account. The 26

years old graduate student stopped his account after realizing that a lot of

his online friends were really just acquaintances. “The superficial emptiness

clouded the excitement I had once felt,” Henderson wrote in an article. “It

seems we have lost, to some degree, the special depth that true friendship is

about.”

Journalism professor Michael Bugeja, who is a strong supporter of

face-to-face communication, read Henderson’s column and saw it was a

sign of hope. Though he’s not anti-technology, Bugeja often lectures

students about “interpersonal intelligence” —knowing when, where, and

for what purpose technology is most appropriate. He points out the students

he’s seen walking across campus, holding hands with each other while

talking on cell phones to someone else He’s also seen them in coffee shops,

surrounded by people, but staring instead at a computer screen. “True

friends,” he says, “need to learn when to stop blogging and go across

campus to help a friend.”

These days, young people are more wired than ever—but they’re also

getting more worried. Increasingly, they’ve had to deal with online bullies,

who are posting anything from embarrassing photos to online threats. And

increasingly, young people also are realizing that things they post on their

profiles can come back to hurt them when applying for schools or jobs.

Social networking can be an “extremely effective” way to publicize

events to large groups. It can even help build a sense of community on

campus. People joined Facebook as a way to meet others. However, it has

limitations. A good Internet profile could make even the most boring person

seem some what interesting. People are also not always happy with text

messages on the cell phones. Cell phones can be a quick way to say “have a

good day”. But friends can also cancel a night out with a text message to

avoid having to explain. “Our generation needs to get over this fear of

confrontation and rejection.” Henderson says. “The focus needs to be on

quality communication, in all ways.” Back in his life, Henderson is enjoying

spending more face-to-face time with his friends and less with his computer.

He says his decision to quit his social-networking Internet accounts was a

good one. “I’m not sacrificing friends,” he says, “because if a picture, some

basic information about their life and a Web page is all my friendship has

become, then there was nothing to sacrifice to begin with.”

Questions 61—63

Decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F) according

to the passage.

61. Although Henderson quit MySpace, most of his online friends are

actually close friends.

62. According to Bugeja, young people should know when to use technology

and when to stop using it.

63. Social networking helps build a sense of community but has a negative

effect on young people’s life if it is used inappropriately.

Questions 64—65

Answer the following questions briefly according to the passage.

64. What does Henderson lose by using social networking websites like

Myspace?

65. What do young people need to overcome in order to focus on quality

communication?

Section C (10 marks)

Questions 66—70 are based on the following passage.

“Five … Four … Three …

Two … One … See ya! ” and

Chance McGuire, twenty-five, is

airborne off a 600 –foot concrete

dam in Northern California. In

one second he falls 15 feet, in two

seconds 60 feet, and after three

seconds and 130 feet, he is flying at

66 miles an hour.

McGuire is a practitioner of

what he calls the king of all extreme sports. BASE—an acronym for

building, antenna, span (bridge) and earth (cliffs)—jumping has one of the

sporting world’s highest fatality rates: in its 18-year history, forty –six

participants have been killed. Yet the sport has never been more popular,

with more than a thousand jumpers in the United States, and more seeking

to get into it every day. It is an activity without margin for error. If your

chute malfunctions, don’t bother researching for a reserve—there isn’t time.

There are no second chances.

Still, the sport may be a perfect fit with the times. Americans may

have more in common with McGuire than they know or care to admit.

America has embarked on a national orgy of thrill seeking and risk taking.

The rise of adventure and extreme sports such as BASE jumping,

snowboarding, ice climbing, skateboarding, and paragliding is merely the

most vivid manifestation of this new national behavior.

The rising popularity of extreme sports speaks of an eagerness on the

part of millions of Americans to participate in activities closer to the edge,

where danger, skill, and fear combine to give weekend warriors and

professional athletes alike a sense of pushing out personal boundaries.

According to American Sports Data Inc., a consulting firm, participation in

so-called extreme sports is way up. Snowboarding has grown 113 percent in

five years and now boasts nearly 5.5 million participants. Mountain hiking,

skateboarding, scuba diving—their growth curves reveal a nation that loves

to play with danger. Contrast that with activities such as baseball, touch

football, and aerobics, all of which were in steady decline throughout the

1990s.

The pursuits that are becoming more popular have one thing in

common: the perception that they are somehow more challenging than a

game of touch football. “Every human being with two legs and two arms is

going to wonder how fast, how strong, how enduring he or she is,” says Eric

Perlman, a mountaineer and film maker specializing in extreme sports.

“We are designed to experience or die.”

Questions 66—68

Complete the following sentences with information given in the passage in a

maximum of 4 words for each blank.

66. _______ rates doesn’t stop people from getting into BASE jumping

every day.

67. The rise of extreme sports manifests the national behavior of _______

and ________.

68. The combination of fear, skill and danger gives both amateurs and

professionals a sense of ______.

Questions 69—70

Choose the best answer according to the passage.

69. Which of the following activities reveals a nation that loves to play

activities closer to the edge?

A.

B. Baseball.

C.

D. Aerobics.

70. What does Eric mean by saying “We are designed to experience or die”?

A. Life with great challenges is a meaningful one.

B. Life without great experiences is very common.

C. People may die while doing extreme sports.

Touch

Scuba

football.

diving.

D. Extreme sports are essential parts of human life.

Section D (10 marks)

Questions 71—75 are based on the following passage.

Albert Einstein was one of the greatest thinkers the world has ever

known. He formulated theories of relativity, successfully described the

nature of the universe and came up with the most famous equation in the

world. David Beckham is the footballer whose skills and precision have

made him one of the most gifted sportsmen of his generation. Who is more

intelligent?

How Gardner’s theory of multiple intelligences (MI) dares us to put

these two men on neighboring pedestals. Instead of regarding intelligence as

a single quantity measurable by pen-and-paper tests, Gardner, an

education professor at Harvard University, divides human intelligence into

no fewer than eight separate categories ranging from mathematical to

musical competence. (74)His ideas have provoked vigorous debate about

how one defines intelligence. Gardner’s point is that quantity measures only

one capacity, the sort of mental agility that is valued in academic

achievement, and that this single number does not do justice to human

potential. So he has created his own spheres of achievement. Some

categories are easily reconcilable with general perceptions about IQ. For

example, “linguistic” intelligence confers a mastery of language, and is the

preserve of such people as poets, writers and linguists. “Logical

mathematical” intelligence marks out people who take a reasoning

approach to physical things, and seek underlying principles. Einstein is the

standard –bearer of this group, which also includes philosophers. These two

categories are the main components of what we generally think of as

“intelligence”.

“Musical” intelligence characterizes musicians, composers and

conductors. “Spatial” intelligence is about being able to picture perspective,

to visualize a world in one’s head with great accuracy. Chess players, artists

and architects would rate highly in this category. Dancers, athletes and

actors are lumped under the “bodily-kinesthetic” heading; these individual,

like Beckham, are able to control their bodies and movements very

carefully.

Then come two types of “personal” intelligence-intrapersonal, the

ability to gauge one’s own mood, feelings and mental states, and

interpersonal, being able to gauge it in others and use the information.

These two categories could be interpreted as emotional intelligence.

Psychiatrists are particularly adept at the former, while religious leaders

and politicians are seen as people who can exploit the latter.

Charles Darwin is perhaps the perfect embodiment of the eighth

intelligence –“naturalist”. This label describes people with a deep

understanding of the natural world and its objects. Zoologists and botanists

can count themselves among this group.

(75)These eight categories certainly reflect the fact that, in these areas,

there is a spectrum of human ability ranging from the hopeless to the

brilliant. But are these really intelligences, or could these competences be

more accurately described as gifts or talents?

Questions 71—73

Answer the following questions briefly according to the passage.

71. What are the main components of “intelligence” we generally think of?

72. What kind of abilities does emotional intelligence involve?

73. Which intelligences are represented by Einstein and Beckham

respectively?

Questions 74—75

Translate the underlined sentences in the passage into Chinese.

74. His ideas have provoked vigorous debate about how one defines

intelligence.

75. These eight categories certainly reflect the fact that, in these areas, there

is a spectrum of human ability ranging from the hopeless to the brilliant.

Part V Translation (10 marks)

Translate the following sentences into English, using the hints given in

brackets. Remember to write the answer on the answer sheet.

76. 既然没有退路了，我们不妨试试他的方法。(might as well)

77. 公司的利润连续三个月下滑，你如何解释？(account for)

78. 在谈到如何能取得成功时，Blair强调创造机遇比等待机遇更重要。（put

emphasis on）

79. 我希望我年轻的时候也有你们这么好的机会。（虚拟语气）

80. 高昂的学费并不一定能够保证良好的教育。（guarantee）

Part VI Error Correction (10 marks)

Proofread the passage as required. Each indicated line contains a maximum

of one error. Correct the passage in the following way: for a right line, put

the sign “√” in the corresponding blank; for a wrong word, underline the

wrong word and write the correct one in the blank; for a missing word,

mark the position of the missing word with the sign “∧” and write the word

you believe to be missing in the blank; for an unnecessary word, cross the

unnecessary word with the sign “” and put the word with the sign “” in

the blank. Write the answers on the answer sheet.

For example:

One of my favorite writers are Charlotte Bronte. She was born in the early

___is___ nineteenth century when women had far fewer opportunities ∧

they have now. __than___ She lived in a small village in Yorkshire

and she took great pleasure in walking ____√___ on the moors where

__where__

Cash reward is a common form of motivation used by parents with high

81. ________

youngsters receive payments of as much as ￡100 for each A grade they

obtain at GSCE. But would such “bribes” be based on exam performance

or 82. ________

should they, as many parents and teachers feel, be offered in recognition of

a 83. ________

84. ________

85. ________

imagine, for example, a family with one child who is academically gift and

86. ________

another who has learning difficulties. The dangers of result-relating

incentives 87. ________

for the second child are clear; with little hope of obtaining the higher

grades,

the withholding of promised financial rewards would only compound of the

88.________

89. ________

believe that parents should rely in their own judgments in such matters.

They 90. ________

expectation to encourage their children work hard at exam time. Some

child’s effort, regardless of results? The later approach would solve the

problems of how parents reward children with different levels of ability;

child’s feeling of false. However, some leading educational psychologists

maintain that if parents know that money will motivate their child, then

they

should not be condemned for operating a system of cash payouts.

Part VII IQ Test (5 marks)

There are five IQ Test questions in this part. Write the answers on the

answer sheet.

91. Which two words starting with “P” and “O” contain the most letters?

92. What is at: The beginning of eternity

The end of time and space

The beginning of every end

And the end of every place?

93.

L

O

V

E

What’s the phrase that is represented by the picture?

94. Which picture should replace the question mark?

?

95. Your sock drawer contains ten pairs of white socks and ten pairs of

black socks. If you’re only allowed to take one sock from the drawer at a

time and you can’t see the color of the sock you’re taking until you’ve taken

it, how many socks do you have to take before you’re guaranteed to have at

least one matching pair?

Part VIII Writing (30 marks)

I (10 marks)

WRITERS REQUIRED

We are looking for people to write for this magazine about places of interest

in their local area which would be of interest to an international readership.

We would like to hear from anyone who has:

—an interest in travelling to places of interest;

—some personal experience of writing;

Send us a letter of application, explaining why you think you are suitable.

You should write no fewer than 100 words on the answer sheet. Use

“Frank” instead of your real name.

II (20 marks)

China is now experiencing the largest mass migration of people, an

estimated 230 million (2010), from the countryside to cities in history.

They’ve brought economy boom to cities and life improvement to their own

families. However, this migration leaves land in the countryside

uncultivated and children of migrant workers poorly educated.

How do you think can the migration in China have a balanced

development?

Write your article in about 140 words in an appropriate style on the answer

sheet.

2017 National English Contest

for College Students

(Level B - Preliminary)

参考答案及作文评分标准

Part I Listening Comprehension (30 marks)

Section A (5 marks)

1—5 CBBAC

Section B (10 marks)

6—10 BAACB 11—15 CABCB

Section C (5 marks)

16—20 ACABA

Section D (10 marks)

21. disruption 22. air pressure 23. slow down syste

ates 26. bear in mind 27. circulation 28. decreases

29. Consult 30. side effects

Part II Vocabulary and Structure (15 marks)

31—35 BDABC 36—40 BDDAB 41—45 CADBC

Part III Cloze (10 marks)

46. likelihood 47. fortune 48. take 49. with 50. knowing

51. dozens 52. least 53. burning /simple 55. realize

Part IV Reading Comprehension (40 marks)

Section A (10 marks)

56. describe 57. opportunity 58. honeymoon 59. transition 60.

characterized

Section B (10 marks)

61. F 62. T 63. T

64. The special depth that true friendship is about.

65. They need to get over fear of confrontation and rejection.

Section C (10 marks)

66. High fatality 67. thrill seeking; risk taking 68. pushing out personal

boundaries 69. C 70. A

Section D (10 marks)

71.“Linguistic”intelligence and“Logical mathematical”intelligence.

72. The ability to gauge one蒺s own mood, feelings and mental states, and

the ability to gauge it in others and use the information.

73.“Logical mathematical”intelligence and

the“bodily-kinesthetic”intelligence.

74. 他的观点引发了激烈的讨论，应如何定义智力。

75. 这八个类别的智力无疑反映了这样的事实，即这些类别中都有从无能到聪慧的各种不同能力的人。

Part V Translation (10 marks)

76. Since there is no turning back, we might as well try his method.

77. How do you account for the decline in profits for three consecutive

months?

78. Talking about how to achieve success, Blair puts more

emphasis on creating rather than waiting for opportunities.

79. I wish I had had such good opportunities as yours when I was

young.

80. High tuition doesn蒺t necessarily guarantee better education.

Part VI Error correction (10 marks)

Cash reward is a common form of motivation used by parents with high

expectation to encourage their children 夷work hard at exam

time. Some youngsters receive payments of as much as 谊100

for each A grade they obtain at GSCE. But would such“bribes”be based

on exam performance or

should they, as many parents and teachers feel, be offered in recognition of a

child蒺s effort, regardless of results? The later approach would

solve the problems of how parents reward children with different

levels of ability; imagine, for example, a family with one child who is

academically gift and

another who has learning difficulties. The dangers of result-relating

incentives for the second child are clear; with little hope of obtaining the

higher grades, the withholding of promised financial rewards would

only compound of the

child蒺s feeling of false. However, some leading educational

psychologists

believe that parents should rely in their own judgments in such matters.

They maintain that if parents know that money will motivate their child, then

they should not be condemned for operating a system of cash payouts.

81. to 82. should

83. 姨 84. latter

85. problem

87. related 88.

86.

of

gifted

89. failure 90. on

Part VII IQ Test (5 marks)

91. Post Office.

92. The letter“e”.

93. Falling in love.

94. A

95. Three socks.