2024年5月6日发(作者：电脑读不出硬盘)

英语国家概况名词解释（2）

英语国家概况名词解释

5. The Bill of Rights----In 1789, James Madison introduced in the House of

Representatives a series of amendments which later were drafted into twelve

proposed amendments and sent to the states for ratification. Ten of them were

ratified in 1791 and the first ten amendments to the constitution were called the

Bills of Rights because they were to insure individual liberties.1789年詹姆斯麦迪逊

在众议院提出了一系列的修正法案，后来这些法案被起草成十二条修正法案提交各州讨论。

其·中有两条没被各州通过，其余十条在1791 年被通过，成为宪法的前十项修正案--《人

权法案》。从那时起美国就完成了宪法体制的'建立

6. The British constitution: There is no written constitution in the United

Kingdom, that is, unlike the constitutions of most other countries, the British

constitution is not set out in any single document. It is made up of statute law,

common law and conventions.英国议会制政府制度并不是基于成文宪法。联合王国没

有成文宪法，也就是说与大多数他国宪法不同，英国宪法不由单一文件构成，而是由成文

法、习惯法和惯例组成。(惯例是指法律没有明文要求必须执行，但被视为政府工作中不

可缺少的行为准则)。司-法-部门裁定习惯法和解释成文法。

7. The Great lakes----The Great Lakes are the five lakes in the northeast. They

are Lake Superior which is the largest fresh water lake in the world, Lake Michigan

(the only one entirely in the U.S.), Lake Huron, Lake Eire and Lake Ontario. They are

all located between Canada and the United States expect Lake Michigan.美国最重

要的湖泊就是五大湖。这五大湖包括：苏必利尔湖--世界上最大的淡水湖，密歇根湖(唯

一完全在美国境内的湖)，休伦湖，伊利湖和安大略湖。除密歇根湖全部属美国外，其他

均为美国和加拿大之间的界湖。

8. The Emancipation Proclamation-（解放宣言）---After the Civil war began,

Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation to win more support at home and

abroad. It granted freedom to all slaves in areas still controlled by the Confederacy.

1863年1月1日，林肯总统发表了《解放宣言》，正是解放美国所有的奴隶。

9. checks and balances: 制衡the United states has three separate branches of

government: the of government: the legislative, executive ,and judicial .Each branch

has a portion of constitutional authority and can check or block the actions of the

other branches. The three branches are thus in balance. the three branches are thus

in balance .this is a system of checks and balances美国政府的三个分支：在政府立法，

执行，和司法。每个分支具有宪法权力的一部分，可以检查或其他部门的行为块。三个部

门是平衡三个部门是平衡的。这是一 个制衡制度。

《英语国家概况名词解释》