2024年4月25日发(作者：cad看图软件免费下载)
Confucius
Confucius (551-479 BC), known in China as Kongzi, given name Qiu and
courtesy name Zhongni, was a native of Zouyi (present-day Qufu in Shandong
Province) of the State of Lu during the Spring and Autumn Period (770-476 BC).
A great thinker, educator and founder of Confucianism
the first figure in Chinese history to initiate private education
trained 3,000 disciples
The Analects
宋朝宰相赵普：“臣平生所知，诚不出此，昔以其半辅太祖（赵匡胤）定天下，今欲
以其半辅陛下（赵匡义）致太平
“It’s true that my knowledge goes no further than
The Analects
. I relied on
one half of it constantly in assisting Emperor Taizu to conquer and stablilize the
country; I can now use the other half to help Your Majesty secure peace and
harmony under heaven
从宋朝以来，它和《大学》《中庸》《孟子》合称为“四书”，成为封建时代读书人的
必读书。
The Great Learning The Doctrine of the Mean The Analects The
Works of Mencius
Confucius’ Thoughts
Confucius on Heaven: the Source of Everything
Heaven does not speak in words. It speaks through the rotation of the four
seasons and the growth of all living things 天何言哉？四时行焉，百物生焉，天何言
哉
Heaven=nature ≠ a lifeless mechanism separate from humans
is the great world of life and the process of creation of life
Human life was part of nature as a whole
Confucius required people to hold Heaven in awe
a person of virtue must “respect his heavenly mission（畏天命）," listen to the
purpose of Heaven by caring for and improving life
He who offends against Heaven has none to whom he can pray 获罪于天，
无所祷也
Confucian respect for and belief in Heaven represented a form of religious
spiritualism of the ancient Chinese
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