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2022年托福阅读长难句100句：中东商人

The central state, though often very rich and very populous, was intrinsically

fragile, since the development of new international trade routes could undermine the

monetary base and erode state power, as occurred when European seafarers

circumvented Middle Eastern merchants after Vasco da Gama”s voyage around Africa

in the late fifteenth century opened up a southern route.( TPO16,56)

populous /”ppjls/ adj. 人口多的，人口稠密的

intrinsical /in”trinsik,-kl/ adj. 本质的，内在的

undermine /nd”man/ vt. 渐渐减弱或暗中破坏;

erode /”rd/ vt. )侵蚀，腐蚀

seafarer /”sifer/ n. 船员，水手

monetary /”mntri/ adj. 货币的，钱的

circumvent /skm”vnt/ vt. 设法克制或避开(某事物);躲避，回避

我是分界限，大家先一遍速读看是否理解

The central state, (though often very rich and very populous),was intrinsically

fragile, (since the development of new international trade routes could undermine the

monetary base and erode state power), (as occurred)(whenEuropean seafarers

circumvented Middle Eastern merchants)(after Vasco da Gama”s voyage around Africa

in the late fifteenth century opened up a southern route.) ( TPO16,56)

托福阅读长难句100句分析：

这句话的主干就是：

The central state was intrinsically fragile

修饰一：(though often very rich and very populous)，插入语

中文：虽常常特别富有且人口众多

修饰二：(since the development of new international trade routes could undermine

the monetary base and erode state power)，从句

中文：由于新的国际贸易线路的进展能破坏货币根底并腐蚀国家权力

修饰三：(as occurred) ，从句

中文：就犹如发生