2024年4月4日发(作者：如何进入安全模式win7)

understanding of how the systems work help

from

you understand how the

automobile works .了解各系统如何工作有助于了解汽车是如何工作的。

road bumps for better ride and handling.

以获得更好的乘坐舒适型和操作稳定性。

support the vehicle and cushion it

purpose of an automobile engine is to

汽车发动机的功用是提供汽车行驶所需的动力

它们支撑着车身，并缓解由于路面不平引起的颠簸，

supply the power needed to move the vehicle.

internal combustion engine is a device used to convert the chemical energy of the

fuel into heat energy .and then convert this heat energy into usable mechanical energy .

内燃机是一种将燃料的化学能转化为热能，再把热能转化为可利用的机械能的装置。

amount of air/fuel mixture allowed to enter the cylinder determines the power and

进入汽缸中的可燃混合气体的数量，决定了该发动机的功speed developed by the engine .

率和转速。

ng friction to minimize wear and loss of power is the primary job a lubrication

system must perform.

clutch

cover

which

减少摩擦，降低磨损和动力损失是润滑系统必须完成的主要工作。

includes the flywheel ,clutch disc ,pressure plate ,springs ,

它包括飞

a rotating mechanism between and the linkage necessary to operate the clutch is

the engine and transmission .离合器是位于发动机和变速器之间的一个旋转装置，

轮，离合器摩擦片，压盘。压紧弹簧。离合器盖以及操作离合器所需要的连接杆件等。

start the engine Or shift the gear ,the driver has to depress the clutch pedal with the

purpose of disengagement the transmission from the engine .at that

members connected to the transmission input

time .the driven

shaft are either stationary or rotating at a

speed that is slower or faster than the driving members connected to the engine

crankshaft .为了启动发动机或换挡，驾驶员必须踩下离合器踏板以便于实现变速器和发动

机的分离，此时。与变速器输入轴相连的离合器从动件可能处于静止状态，

速度旋转，这一速度可能高于或低于与发动机相连的离合器主动件的旋转速度。

way .pushing the pedal down operates the disengagement mechanism which puts

pressure on the fingers of the clutch diaphragm via a release bearing and cause the

diaphragm to release the clutch plate .无论采用哪种方式，踩下踏板，操纵分离机构，通

过分离轴承对离合器膜片弹簧施加压力。均可以解除膜片弹簧对离合器盘的压紧！

modern automatic transmission consists of many components and systems that are

designed to work together in a symphony of planetary gear sets ,the hydraulic

system ,seals and gaskets .the torque converter ,the governor and the modulator or

.自动变速器由许多的部件和系

也可能以一定的

throttle cable and computer control that has evolved over the years into what many

mechanically included individuals consider to be an art form

统组成，它们有行星齿轮组，液压系统，密封圈，和密封衬垫，变矩器，油压调节器，调制

器，节气门拉索，电子控制装置等，经过精心设计，运作协调，其中的电子控制装置经历了

多年的发展，已经巧妙的形式融入了许多人性化的设计。

11..in this scenario ,when we turn the ring gear ,the planets will walk along the sun gear

(which is held stationary )causing the planet carrier to turn the output shaft in the same

direction as the input shaft but at a slower speed causing gear reduction (similar to a car in

the first gear )

.在这种情况下，当转动齿圈，行星齿轮将沿着被固定的太阳轮运行，从而行星齿轮架带动

输出轴以与输入轴相同方向的旋转但速率较小，来实现减速（类似于普通变速器的一档）

12..The final drive assembly also provide

more slowly than the drive shaft

慢。

gear reduction so that the drive wheels spin

.主减速器总成具有减速作用，因而驱动轮要比传动轴转的

13，.brakes are actually energy conversion devices ,which convert the kinetic energy

(momentum ) o f the vehicle into thermal energy (heat ).when stepping on the brake

a stopping force ten time s as powerful as the force that

制动器实际上就是能量转换装置，它讲汽车的动能转化为热能，当

s ,the driver command s

puts the car in motion .

驾驶员踩下制动踏板，所产生的制动力是汽车运动时动力的十倍。

typical brake system consists of disk brakes in front and either disk or drum brake s

in the rear connected by a system of tubes and hoses that link the brake at each wheel to

the master cylinder .常见的制动系统布置有前后盘式，前盘后鼓式，各个车轮上的制动器

通过一套管路系统连接到制动主缸上。

14..The parking brake system controls the rear brakes through a serious of steel cables

that are connected to either a hand lever or a foot pedal .the idea is that the system is fully

mechanical and completely bypasses the hydraulic system so that the vehicle can be

brought to a stop even if there is a total brake failure

踏板相连的钢缆来操纵后轮制动器，

整个液压制动系统失灵的情况下汽车也能实现制动。

15..on most cars ,it takes three to four complete revolutions of the steering wheel to make

the wheel s turn from lock to lock (from far left to far right )

对于大多数汽车来说，使转向轮从一侧的极限位置偏转到嫩一侧的极限位置，

最右侧）转向盘需要转动三到四圈。

ent tooth pitch (number of teeth per inch )in the center than it has on the outside .

有些汽车采用可变传动比的转向器，在其齿轮齿条机构中，齿条中心与两端的齿距，

寸的齿数）不同。

d of twisting further into the block the way a regular bolt would ,this bolt is held

fixed so that when it spins ,it moves the block ,which moves the gear that turns the wheels .

由于转向螺栓的轴向是固定的，所以螺杆转动时，没有像通常那样螺杆向螺母深处前进，而

是使螺母沿螺杆轴向移动，从而带动齿扇轴，最后偏转转向轮。

18. as The Vanes spin ,they pull hydraulic fluid from the return line at low pressure force it

into the outlet at high pressure

口，以高压油输出。

compressed spring when force is removed ,returns to its original position ,the

distance that a spring compressed under force depends on the rate of the spring.

撤除时，被压紧的弹簧恢复到初始状态，

刚度。

20..rubber bushings are placed between the bolts and the links .these bushings dampen

vibrations .The links hold the axle in place and keep it from moving from side to side or

forward and backward .在螺栓和控制壁之间装有橡胶衬套，这些衬套可以缓解振动。这些

控制壁确保后桥工作在正确的位置，防止它左右或前后移动。

当压紧力

在压力作用下，弹簧的压缩变形量取决于该弹簧的

.随着叶片的转动，从回油管吸入低压油然后把它压向出油

（每英

（从最左侧到

.驻车制动系统通过一套与操纵手柄与

且与液压系统并联，从而保证在这套系统是机械式的，

unit1

body 车身chassis 底盘enclosure外壳、套

weld焊接

hood车棚、车顶

rivet铆钉bolt螺钉

sway 摇摆

washer垫圈

frame车架

vibrationsteering转向、操作

振动

brake 制动

stabilizer稳定器ride乘坐舒适性handling操作稳定性linkages转向传动机构

plier钳子distributor分电器alternator交流发电机regulator调节器carburetor化油器

transmission变速器differentialradiator散热器、水箱

差速器

defroster除冰装置sludge金属碎屑

power train 传动系unitized body 承载式车身suspension system 悬架系统

steering system 转向系

steering wheel 转向盘

idler arm随动臂

system 点火系统

braking system 制动系shock absorbers减震器control arms控制臂

steering gears 转向器tie rod 横拉杆

ignition

steering column转向管柱

brake shoe制动蹄disc brake 盘式制动器

exhaust system 排气系统

drum brakes 鼓式制动器

lubrication system 润滑系oil filters 机油滤清

器drive（or propeller）shaft传动轴

unit2

longitudinal纵向的transverse横向的

universal joints 万向节

reciprocate往复

mechanical机械的

spin旋转piston活塞ignite点火

gallon加仑rub摩擦quart夸脱reservoir油箱

stroke冲程

enclosed被附上的

camshaft凸轮轴combustion燃烧disengaged脱离啮合的flywheel飞轮

internal-combustion engine内燃机

气体

diesel-fuel柴油LPG=Liquefied Petroleum Gas液化石油

spark ignition火花点火compression CNG=Compressed natural gas压缩天然气

spark plug火花塞ignition压缩点火

机

gas-turbine engine蒸汽机

oil pump机油泵

Stirling engine斯特灵发动

exhaust system排气系统

air/fuel ratio空燃比

lubricating system润滑系统oil pan油底壳

emission-control system排放控制系统

connecting rod连杆

stroke进气冲程

程

energy conversion能量转换

TDC=Top Dead Center上止点BDC=Bottom Dead Center 下止点intake

exhaust stroke排气冲compression stroke压缩冲程power stroke作功冲程

compression ratio压缩比

unit3

residual剩余的

grime污垢

varnish积碳buildup组合adhesion粘着

baffle隔板

cleanser清洁剂

sump油底壳

sludge油泥

crankcase曲轴clog填塞gum粘合trough水槽

箱porosity多孔性periphery外围synthetic合成的additive添加剂antiscuff防磨损

overhaul大修neutralize使无效

干油底壳wet-sump湿油底壳

agitation激动start-up启动

pickup tube机油吸油管

engine block气缸体dry-sump

full-flow filtering

gear type oil pump

filter screen滤网

system全流式滤清器

齿轮泵

pressure-relief valve安全阀bypass valve旁通阀

jockey pulley张紧轮corrosion inhibitor阻蚀剂detergent-dispersant清洁分散剂

viscosity index粘度指数

unit8

foam inhibitor泡沫抑制剂

clutch离合器flywheel飞轮stationary静止的stationary扭转的crankshaft曲轴stall停转

mount安放groove沟lever杆pivot支点gearbox变速器retract缩回compactness紧密

drive train传动系drive shaft传动轴pressure plate压盘clutch disc离合器从动盘

release fork分离拨叉

gear ratio

传动比release bearing分离轴承

器踏板coupling device接合装置

小齿轮splined hub花键毂

master cylinder主缸clutch pedal离合

at idle空转couple with与...连接ring gear齿圈pinion gear

thrust pad止推垫cast iron铸铁diaphragm spring膜片弹簧

engage with与...啮合centrifugal force离心力fulcrum ring导轴衬bell housing离合器壳

unit9

hump圆形隆起transaxle变速驱动桥tuck挤进gasket垫圈governor调速器modulator调制

stator定子maze曲径submerge淹

retrieve找回cork软木

planetary gear set

reverse gear倒档

stick shift顶档杆

器spline花键bone结合strap皮带doughnut油炸圈饼

没quart夸脱downshift向下换挡optimal最佳的solenoid电磁线圈

塞manipulate操作fluid coupling液力耦合器

行星齿轮组throttle cable节气门拉索

torque converter液力变矩器

ring gear齿圈high gear高速档

sprag clutch楔块式超越离合器

vacuum hose真空软管

unit10

centrifugal force离心力gear up使换快档

throttle valve节流阀leak out泄露windshield wiper风窗玻璃刮水器

differential差速器hypoid准双曲面的

differential（LSD）防滑差速器

器总成gear reduction齿轮减速

shaft行星齿轮轴

unit11

intersect相交mesh啮合traction静止的limited-slip

drive shaft传动轴axle shaft半轴final drive assembly主减速

gear reduction ratios齿轮减速比side gear半轴齿轮pinion

drive pinion主动小齿轮

disastrous灾难性的hood发动机罩plunger柱塞sponginess海绵性的malfunction故障

bypass迂回corkscrew开塞钻inoperative不起作用的

出尖锐的声音thumping极大的momentarily即刻

brake hose制动软管

booster调压器slam冲击screech发

thermal energy热能master cylinder制动

slave cylinder轮缸drum brake鼓式制动器

panic stop紧急制动

combination

主缸brake pedal制动踏板

brake shoe制动蹄bleeder screw放气螺钉spongy pedal踏板发软

friction lining比例阀equalizer valve平衡阀

valve组合阀emergency brake紧急制动器

actuator液压传动机构

unit12

pressure differential valve差压阀

brake booster制动助力器flat spot平点hydraulic

perpendicular垂直的intersect相交enclose装入mechanism机械装置

revolution旋转slightly轻微的

spin回旋recirculate在循环

fluid液体linkage连接

slope斜坡oval卵形的

rack齿条spindle轴

engage接合threaded带着螺纹的

outlet出口exert尽力utilize利用

rack-and-pinion齿条齿consumption消费eliminate除去spindle轴steering system转向系统

轮式recirculating ball循环球式steering ratio转向减速比variable-ratio steering可变速比转

worm gear涡向tooth pitch齿距turning limit转向限值

轮pitman arm转向臂

power-steering system动力转向系统

threaded rod螺杆ball bearing球轴承rotary-vane pump叶片泵

spool-valve滑阀retractable vane可伸缩叶片pressure-relief valve安全阀rotary valve回转阀

electronic control system电子控制系统

unit13

alignment调正bump碰撞deflect使什么偏斜clamp夹子pivot支点rebound回弹strut支

semielliptical半椭圆的

leaf spring钢板弹簧

bracket

torsion

bolt

柱lengthwise纵向的vibration振动asymmetrical不均匀的

托架staggered错列的unit body组合车身coil spring螺旋弹簧

bar扭力杆station wagons旅行车

head螺栓头spring shackle板簧吊环

spring eye钢板弹簧卷耳

upper control arm上控制臂

rubber bushing橡胶衬套

ball joint球形接头stabilizer

bar稳定杆cornering force回转力shock absorber减震器

轮角U-joint万向节U-bolt u形螺栓fore-and-aft纵向的

trailing links纵臂pinion angle小齿