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欧洲文化入门 名词解释

1． Pax Romana 罗马帝国统治下的和平

In the Roman history ，there came two hundred years of peaceful time， which was

guaranteed(保证) by the Roman legions， it was known as Pax Romana

2． The New Testament 新约

The Bible was divided into two sections： the Old Testament and the New Testament. The

New Testament is about the doctrine (教义) of Jesus Christ. The word “Testament” means

“agreement”， the agreement between God and Man.

3． Pentateuch 摩西五经

The Old Testament consists of 39 books， the oldest and most important of which are the first

five books， called Pentateuch. Pentateuch contains five books： Genesis (创世记)， Exodus

(出埃及记)， Leviticus(教义记)， Numbers (逃亡记)， Deuteronomy (摩西遗言记)。

4．Genesis 起源

Genesis is one of the five books in Pentateuch， it tells about a religious account (描述) of the

origin of the Hebrews people， including the origin of the world and of man， the career (经

历) of Issac and the life of Jacob and his son Joseph.

5．The Historical Books 史书 was divided into seven sections：

①Books of Joshua ② Books of Judges ③ Books of Samuel ④ Books of Kings

⑤ Books of the Chronicles ⑥ Books of Ezra ⑦ Books of Nehemiah.

6．the Middle ages 中世纪

In European history， the thousand-year period following the fall of the Western Roman

Empire in the fifth century is called the Middle Ages.

The middle ages is so called because it came between ancient times and modern times. To be

specific (具体说来)， from the 5th century to 15th century.

The transitional (过渡时期) period is called the middle ages， between ancient times and

modern times.

7. Feudalism 封建主义

Feudalism in Europe was mainly a system of land holding (土地所有) — a system of holding

land in exchange for military service (军事力量)。 The word “feudalism” was derived (来源)

from the Latin “feudum”， a grant (许可的) of land.

8. code of chivalry 骑士制度

As a knight， he were pledged to protect the weak， to fight for the church， to be loyal to

his lord and to respect women of noble birth. These rules were known as code of chivalry，

from which the western idea of good manners developed.

9．Gothic 哥特式

① The Gothic style started in France and quickly spread through all parts of Western Europe.

② It lasted from the mid-12th to the end of 15th century and， in some areas， into the 16th.

More churches were built in this manner than in any other style in history.

③ The Gothic was an outgrowth (丰富与发展) of the Romanesque.(罗马式)

10．The Canterbury Tales：

① The Canterbury Tales was written by Chaucer.

② Chaucer introduced French and Italy writing the English native alliterative verse.(压头韵)

③ Both Chaucer and The Canterbury Tales are the best representative of the middle Engli

Renaissance名词解释

11. Renaissance文艺复兴

Generally speaking， Renaissance refers to the period between the 14th and mid-17th

century. The word “Renaissance” means revival (复兴)， specifically in this period of history，

revival of interest in ancient Greek and Roman culture. Renaissance， in essence (从实质上

讲)， was a historical period in which the European humanist thinkers and scholars made

attempts (试图) to get rid of conservatism (保守主义思想) in feudalist Europe and introduce

new ideas that expressed the interests of the rising bourgeoisie (资产阶级)， to lift the

restrictions (禁忌) in all areas placed by the Roman church authorities.(权利威信)

Generally speaking， Renaissance refers to the period between the 14th and mid-17th

century.

Renaissance started in Florence and Venice with the flowering of paintings， sculpture (雕塑)

and architecture. 最早开始于painting