2024年3月15日发(作者：360杀毒怎么卸载不掉)

A级常考的语法——虚拟语气

虚拟语气是英语动词的特殊形式，与陈述语气恰恰相反，虚拟语气所表达的动作或状态

不是事实，而是说话人的主观愿望、想象、要求、推测、假设或建议等。语气的虚拟和陈述

与否完全取决于说话人本身。虚拟语气可以用于非真实条件句中，也用于名词性从句和同位

语从句等句式中。

1.1 非真实条件句中的虚拟语气

1）非真实条件句

英语的条件句分为真实条件和非真实条件两种。真实条件属于陈述句式，而非真实条件

属于虚拟句式。真实与虚拟与否完全取决于说话人的意图。

E.g. If it is fine tomorrow, we'll go out.

If it were fine tomorrow, we would go out.

一般来说，非真实条件可分为三种情况：于过去、现在和将来事实相反的三种情况。其

位于动词的表现形式如下：

与现在事实相反的假设

与过去事实相反的假设

与将来事实相反的假设（将

来不太可能出现的情况）

从句

If+ 主语+ 动词过去式（be

动词用were)

If+ 主语+ had+过去分词

1. If+ 主语+ 动词过去式

2. If+ 主语+ were to +动词原

形

3. If+ 主语+ should+动词原

形

主句

主语+would/should/could/might

+动词原形

主语+ would/should/could/might

+have +过去分词

主语+would/should/could/might

+动词原形

E.g. If I were you, I would take the job. （与现在事实相反）

If you left your car outside at night, you would have it stolen. (将来不太可能出现的情况）

If he had been ill, he would not have finished the work. （与过去事实相反）

If he should/were to tell us everything, we could try to solve his problem. （将来不太可能出

现的情况）

2）非真实条件句的特殊情况

a. If 的省略

当虚拟条件从句中含有助动词had, were, should时，可将它们提到句首而省略连词if， 这

时从句发生部分倒装。

E.g. Were I you, I would take the job.

Had he been ill, he would not have finished the work.

Should he tell us everything/ Were he to tell us everything, we could try to solve his problem.

E.g. If I were at school again, I would study harder.

________________________________________________

If you had come earlier, you would have caught the bus.

________________________________________________

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b. 含蓄虚拟条件句：

通过介词短语、副词、连词等代替条件从句的假设称为含蓄条件。

E.g. Without your help, we couldn't have finished the work ahead of time.

= But for your help, we couldn't have finished the work ahead of time.

=If it had not been for your help, we couldn't have finished the work ahead of time.

=Had it not been for your help, we couldn't have finished the work ahead of time.

E.g. But for his calm courage, the battle would have lost. （与过去事实相反）

With free time and no TV, they might rediscover reading. （与现在事实相反或指将来不

太可能出现的情况）

I ran all the way to school, otherwise I would have been late. （与过去事实相反）

He must have had an accident, or he would have finished the task then. （与过去事实相反）

E.g. What would you do with a million dollars?(= if you had a million dollars)

1.2 虚拟语气在带有强烈主观色彩的动词、名词或形容词后所跟随的从句中的应用

1）某些动词后的宾语从句中要求用虚拟语气结构，用于表示命令，要求，建议，劝告等。

其形式为：（should）+动词原形

E.g. I suggest that he (should) go with us. （表建议）

The general directed that the troops (should) attack. （表命令）

They demanded that the company (should) make compensation for the loss. （要求）

同样用法的动词有：

order（命令） command（命令） ask（要求） require（要求） request（要求） demand

（要求）suggest（建议） propose（提议） advise（劝告） urge（主张） intend（打算）

insist（坚持） decide（决定） determine（决定） prefer （宁愿） recommend（推荐）

desire（渴望）

当suggest 表示“暗示，表明”之意，insist表示“坚持说，力言”之意时，suggest/insist

后的宾语从句不使用虚拟语气，应使用陈述语气。

E.g. The smile on his face suggested that he was satisfied with our work. 他脸上的表情表

明他对我们的工作很满意。

The man insisted that he had never stolen the money. A那个人坚持说他没有偷钱。

2）某些形容词（或分词）后的主语从句要用虚拟语气结构，用于表示命令，要求，建议，

惊异和失望等，（should）+动词原形

E.g. It was suggested that he (should) join the club activities.（表建议）

It is suggested that the meeting (should) be put off till next week.人们建议会议推迟到下

周。

It is strange (surprising, disappointing) that she shouldn't have been invited.（表惊异）

It is strange that he (should) have acted toward his parents like that.真奇怪他竟然那样对他

父母。（从句谓语动词在主句谓语动词之前发生时，要用"should have done")

suggested建议的 recommended被推荐的 proposed被提议的，所推荐的 necessary 必要的

essential必要的 important重要的 vital重要的 appropriate适当的 advisable适当的，合

理的 desirable理想的 better更好的 natural自然的 strange奇怪的 glad高兴的

surprising惊异的 disappointing失望的 pity可怜的

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