2024年7月2日发(作者:)
AutoCAD提供了两个线型文件,即AutoCAD主文件夹的“SUPPORT”子文件
夹中的“”和“”,分别在使用样板文件“”
和“”创建文件时被调用。这两个文件中定义的线型种类相同,
区别仅在于线型的尺寸略有不同。以“”文件为例来介绍线型的
定义和定制,该文件中定义了45种不同的线型,其中包括14种ISO线型
和7种复杂线型,其余24种简单线型又可分为8组,每组线型的样式相同
而线段长度和间隔不同。例如,“DASHED2”和“DASHEDX2”线型的线段长
度和间隔分别为“DASHED”线型的0.5倍和2倍。
线型的定义
1. 线型定义格式
线型定义由标题行和模式行两部分组成。
(1) 标题行:由线型名称和线型描述组成,标题行以“*”为开始标记,
线型名称和描述由逗号分开,其格式为:
*linetype-name [, description](*线型名称[,线型描述])
(2) 模式行:由对齐码和线型规格说明组成,中间由逗号分开,其格
式为:
alignment,patdesc-1,patdesc-2, ...(对齐码,线型规格说明„)
例如:在文件中对BORDER(边界线)的定义如下:
其中对齐码“A”表示该线型采用两端对齐方式,目前AutoCAD仅支持
这一种对齐方式。
2. 简单线型的定义
简单线型是由短划线(Dash)、点(Dot)和空格(Space)组合而成。
在简单线型的规格说明中,正数表示其值为长度的短划线,负数表示其绝
对值为长度的空格,0表示点。例如在BORDER的规格说明“A,.5,-.25,.5,
-.25,0,-.25”中,.5表示0.5个单位长的短划线,-.25表示0.25个单
位长的空格,0表示一个点。
3. 复杂线型的定义
复杂线型是在简单线型中嵌入符号、字符串或形(关于形的详细介绍
见第33章)等其它元素而成的。如图32-1所示。
(1) 在线型规格说明中嵌入文字的格式为:
["string",style,R=n1,A=n2,S=n3,X=n5,Y=n6]
其中:
“string”:嵌入的文字,须用双引号括起来。
style:嵌入文字所用的文字样式名。
R:嵌入文字相对于画线方向的倾斜角度。
A:嵌入文字相对于WCS坐标系中X轴正向的倾斜角度。
S:嵌入文字的比例因子。
X:嵌入文字在画线方向上的偏移量。
Y:嵌入文字在画线方向的垂向上的偏移量。
例如:在文件中对“GAS_LINE”线型的定义如下:
*GAS_LINE,Gas line
----GAS----GAS----GAS----GAS----GAS----GAS--
A,.5,-.2,["GAS",STANDARD,S=.1,R=0.0,X=-0.1,Y=-.05],-.25
(2) 在线型规格说明中嵌入形的格式为:
[shape,shape file,R=n1,A=n2,S=n3,X=n5,Y=n6]
其中:
? shape:嵌入的形。
? shape file:嵌入形所在的形文件,该文件应在AutoCAD的系统路
径中。
? R、A、S、X、Y的意义同上。
例如:在文件中对“GAS_LINE”线型的定义如下:
*FENCELINE2,Fenceline square
----[]-----[]----[]-----[]----[]---
A,.25,-.1,[BOX,,x=-.1,s=.1],-.1,1
线型的创建和修改
通过前面的学习已经了解了线型是如何定义和保存的,在此基础上对
标准线型进行修改或自己创建新的线型。在AutoCAD 2002中提供了
“-Linetype”命令对线型进行各种操作。现在就使用该命令在AutoCAD环
境下创建一个新的线型和线型文件。
实例1 创建“INTERVAL”线型
(1) 运行AutoCAD 2002,在命令行输入:-linetype,AutoCAD在命令
行提示:
Enter an option[?/Create/Load/Set]:C Enter
Enter name of linetype to create: INTERVAL Enter
此时,AutoCAD弹出“Create or Append Linetype File”对话框,如
图32-2所示。
(2) 在“Create or Append Linetype File”对话框中输入线型文件
名“”,并按下Save键返回。此时系统创建并打开了一个新的线
型文件“”;
(3) 命令行提示用户输入描述文本和线型模式:
Descriptive text: Interval ____ ._. ____ ._. ____ ._. ____ ._.
Enter
Enter linetype pattern (on next line):
A,1,-.125,0,-.125,.25,-.125,0,-.125 Enter
New linetype definition saved to file.
Enter an option [?/Create/Load/Set]: Enter
实际上,由于线型文件是ASCII格式的,因此用户可以在AutoCAD环
境外使用任一文本编辑器直接打开或创建线型文件,并对其内容进行补充
和修改。
实例2 创建“ARROW”线型
(1) 使用Windows附件中的“记事本”程序打开由实例一创建的
“”文件。
(2) 在该文件中添加如下内容,如图32-3所示。
*Arrow,Arrow -->-->-->
A,.25,-.05,[">",STANDARD,S=.1,R=0.0,X=-.1,Y=-.05],-.1
(3) 进入AutoCAD 2002,载入线型文件“”,即可使用该文
件中定义的“INTERVAL”和“ARROW”线型,图32-4显示了使用这两种线
型的例子。
说明使用“-linetype”命令,如果该线型己在库文件中存在,则系统
会提示用户该线型已经在库文件中定义,并询问用户是否重新定义。用户
可对其重新定义来实现对已有线型的修改。
绘图中有两个比例要设置
1.格式---标注样式---修改--调整--使用全局比例
这里设置的作用:主要是为你在图框中绘图的大小与图框的显示,比
如你用缩小比例1:10,就可以在调整--使用全局比例改为10,像你在CAD
中绘图中,比如一直线的长度1000mm,我们画时一般都会用缩小比例呢,
就可以改使用全局比例。把它改为10(假设),这样你在绘图中输入直线
长度1000就可以在自己指定的地方显示出来。大概就是这个意思。
2.格式---线型---全局比例因子。它的作用:目的是控制线段的长短、
线段之间间隙的大小。比如你在画中心线时,它在绘图中显示像直线一样,
你就可以在全局比例因子中,把它改小,或改大。这样以便我们可以清楚
的看出它是一条中心线。
;;
;; AutoCAD ISO Linetype Definition file
;; Version 2.0
;; Copyright (C) 1996-2008 by Autodesk, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
;;
;; Note: in order to ease migration of this file when upgrading
;; to a future version of AutoCAD, it is recommended that you add
;; your customizations to the User Defined Linetypes section at the
;; end of this file.
;;
;; customized for ISO scaling
;;
*BORDER,Border __ __ . __ __ . __ __ . __ __ . __ __ .
A, 12.7, -6.35, 12.7, -6.35, 0, -6.35
*BORDER2,Border (.5x) __.__.__.__.__.__.__.__.__.__.__.
A, 6.35, -3.175, 6.35, -3.175, 0, -3.175
*BORDERX2,Border (2x) ____ ____ . ____ ____ . ___
A, 25.4, -12.7, 25.4, -12.7, 0, -12.7
*CENTER,Center ____ _ ____ _ ____ _ ____ _ ____ _ ____
A, 31.75, -6.35, 6.35, -6.35
*CENTER2,Center (.5x) ___ _ ___ _ ___ _ ___ _ ___ _ ___
A, 19.05, -3.175, 3.175, -3.175
*CENTERX2,Center (2x) ________ __ ________ __ _____
A, 63.5, -12.7, 12.7, -12.7
*DASHDOT,Dash dot __ . __ . __ . __ . __ . __ . __ . __
A, 12.7, -6.35, 0, -6.35
*DASHDOT2,Dash dot (.5x) _._._._._._._._._._._._._._._.
A, 6.35, -3.175, 0, -3.175
*DASHDOTX2,Dash dot (2x) ____ . ____ . ____ . ___
A, 25.4, -12.7, 0, -12.7
*DASHED,Dashed __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ _
A, 12.7, -6.35
*DASHED2,Dashed (.5x) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
A, 6.35, -3.175
*DASHEDX2,Dashed (2x) ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ___
A, 25.4, -12.7
*DIVIDE,Divide ____ . . ____ . . ____ . . ____ . . ____
A, 12.7, -6.35, 0, -6.35, 0, -6.35
*DIVIDE2,Divide (.5x) __..__..__..__..__..__..__..__.._
A, 6.35, -3.175, 0, -3.175, 0, -3.175
*DIVIDEX2,Divide (2x) ________ . . ________ . . _
A, 25.4, -12.7, 0, -12.7, 0, -12.7
*DOT,Dot . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
A, 0, -6.35
*DOT2,Dot (.5x) ........................................
A, 0, -3.175
*DOTX2,Dot (2x) . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
A, 0, -12.7
*HIDDEN,Hidden __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __
A, 6.35, -3.175
*HIDDEN2,Hidden (.5x) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
A, 3.175, -1.5875
*HIDDENX2,Hidden (2x) ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____
A, 12.7, -6.35
*PHANTOM,Phantom ______ __ __ ______ __ __ ______
A, 31.75, -6.35, 6.35, -6.35, 6.35, -6.35
*PHANTOM2,Phantom (.5x) ___ _ _ ___ _ _ ___ _ _ ___ _ _
A, 15.875, -3.175, 3.175, -3.175, 3.175, -3.175
*PHANTOMX2,Phantom (2x) ____________ ____ ____ _
A, 63.5, -12.7, 12.7, -12.7, 12.7, -12.7
;;
;; ISO 128 (ISO/DIS 12011) linetypes have been added.
;;
;; The size of the line segments for each defined ISO line, is
;; defined for an usage with a pen width of 1 mm. To use them with
;; the other ISO predefined pen widths, the line has to be scaled
;; with the appropriate value (e.g. pen width 0,5 mm -> ltscale 0.5).
;;
*ACAD_ISO02W100,ISO dash __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __
A,12,-3
*ACAD_ISO03W100,ISO dash space __ __ __ __ __ __
A,12,-18
*ACAD_ISO04W100,ISO long-dash dot ____ . ____ . ____ . ____ . _
A,24,-3,0,-3
*ACAD_ISO05W100,ISO long-dash double-dot ____ .. ____ .. ____ .
A,24,-3,0,-3,0,-3
*ACAD_ISO06W100,ISO long-dash triple-dot ____ ... ____ ... ____
A,24,-3,0,-3,0,-3,0,-3
*ACAD_ISO07W100,ISO dot . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
A,0,-3
*ACAD_ISO08W100,ISO long-dash short-dash ____ __ ____ __ ____ _
A,24,-3,6,-3
*ACAD_ISO09W100,ISO long-dash double-short-dash ____ __ __ ____
A,24,-3,6,-3,6,-3
*ACAD_ISO10W100,ISO dash dot __ . __ . __ . __ . __ . __ . __ .
A,12,-3,0,-3
*ACAD_ISO11W100,ISO double-dash dot __ __ . __ __ . __ __ . __ _
A,12,-3,12,-3,0,-3
*ACAD_ISO12W100,ISO dash double-dot __ . . __ . . __ . . __ . .
A,12,-3,0,-3,0,-3
*ACAD_ISO13W100,ISO double-dash double-dot __ __ . . __ __ . . _
A,12,-3,12,-3,0,-3,0,-3
*ACAD_ISO14W100,ISO dash triple-dot __ . . . __ . . . __ . . . _
A,12,-3,0,-3,0,-3,0,-3
*ACAD_ISO15W100,ISO double-dash triple-dot __ __ . . . __ __ . .
A,12,-3,12,-3,0,-3,0,-3,0,-3
;; Complex linetypes
;;
;; Complex linetypes have been added to this file.
;; These linetypes were defined in in
;; Release 13, and are incorporated in in
;; Release 14.
;;
;; These linetype definitions use .
;;
*FENCELINE1,Fenceline circle ----0-----0----0-----0----0-----0--
A,6.35,-2.54,[CIRC1,,x=-2.54,s=2.54],-2.54,25.4
*FENCELINE2,Fenceline square ----[]-----[]----[]-----[]----[]---
A,6.35,-2.54,[BOX,,x=-2.54,s=2.54],-2.54,25.4
*TRACKS,Tracks -|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-
A,3.81,[TRACK1,,s=6.35],3.81
*BATTING,Batting SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS
A,.00254,-2.54,[BAT,,x=-2.54,s=2.54],-5.08,[BAT,,r=180
,x=2.54,s=2.54],-2.54
*HOT_WATER_SUPPLY,Hot water supply ---- HW ---- HW ---- HW ----
A,12.7,-5.08,["HW",STANDARD,S=2.54,R=0.0,X=-2.54,Y=-1.27],-5.08
*GAS_LINE,Gas line ----GAS----GAS----GAS----GAS----GAS----GAS--
A,12.7,-5.08,["GAS",STANDARD,S=2.54,R=0.0,X=-2.54,Y=-1.27],-6.35
*ZIGZAG,Zig zag /
A,.00254,-5.08,[ZIG,,x=-5.08,s=5.08],-10.16,[ZIG,,r=18
0,x=5.08,s=5.08],-5.08
;; Linetype Definition related to JIS Z 8312
;;
*JIS_08_11,1SASEN11 ___ _ ___ _ ___ _ ___ _ ___ _ ___
A,11,-.60,.60,-.60
*JIS_08_15,1SASEN15 ____ _ ____ _ ____ _ ____ _ ____
A,15,-.75,.75,-.75
*JIS_08_25,1SASEN25 ________ __ ________ __ _____
A,25,-1.125,.75,-1.125
*JIS_08_37,1SASEN37 ________ __ ________ __ _____
A,37.5,-1.125,.75,-1.125
*JIS_08_50,1SASEN50 _______________ __ ____________
A,50,-1.125,.75,-1.125
*JIS_02_0.7,HIDDEN0.75 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
A,.75,-.60
*JIS_02_1.0,HIDDEN01 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
A,1,-1
*JIS_02_1.2,HIDDEN01.25 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
A,1.25,-1.25
*JIS_02_2.0,HIDDEN02 __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __
A,2,-1
*JIS_02_4.0,HIDDEN04 ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____
A,4,-1.5
*JIS_09_08,2SASEN8 __ _ _ __ _ _ __ _ _ __ _ _ __ _ _
A,8,-.55,.55,-.55,.55,-.55
*JIS_09_15,2SASEN15 ___ _ _ ___ _ _ ___ _ _ ___ _ _ ___
A,15,-.90,.60,-.90,.60,-.90
*JIS_09_29,2SASEN29 ______丂__ __ ______丂__ __ ___
A,29,-1.2,.70,-1.2,.70,-1.2
*JIS_09_50,2SASEN50 ____________丂__ __ _____________
A,50,-1.2,.70,-1.2,.70,-1.2
;;
;; User Defined Linetypes
;;
;; Add any linetypes that you define to this section of
;; the file to ensure that they migrate properly when
;; upgrading to a future AutoCAD version. If duplicate
;; linetype definitions are found in this file, items
;; in the User Defined Linetypes section take precedence
;; over definitions that appear earlier in the file.
;;
;;
;; AutoCAD Linetype Definition file
;; Version 3.0
;; Copyright (C) 1991-2008 by Autodesk, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
;;
;; Note: in order to ease migration of this file when upgrading
;; to a future version of AutoCAD, it is recommended that you add
;; your customizations to the User Defined Linetypes section at the
;; end of this file.
;;
*BORDER,Border __ __ . __ __ . __ __ . __ __ . __ __ .
A,.5,-.25,.5,-.25,0,-.25
*BORDER2,Border (.5x) __.__.__.__.__.__.__.__.__.__.__.
A,.25,-.125,.25,-.125,0,-.125
*BORDERX2,Border (2x) ____ ____ . ____ ____ . ___
A,1.0,-.5,1.0,-.5,0,-.5
*CENTER,Center ____ _ ____ _ ____ _ ____ _ ____ _ ____
A,1.25,-.25,.25,-.25
*CENTER2,Center (.5x) ___ _ ___ _ ___ _ ___ _ ___ _ ___
A,.75,-.125,.125,-.125
*CENTERX2,Center (2x) ________ __ ________ __ _____
A,2.5,-.5,.5,-.5
*DASHDOT,Dash dot __ . __ . __ . __ . __ . __ . __ . __
A,.5,-.25,0,-.25
*DASHDOT2,Dash dot (.5x) _._._._._._._._._._._._._._._.
A,.25,-.125,0,-.125
*DASHDOTX2,Dash dot (2x) ____ . ____ . ____ . ___
A,1.0,-.5,0,-.5
*DASHED,Dashed __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ _
A,.5,-.25
*DASHED2,Dashed (.5x) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
A,.25,-.125
*DASHEDX2,Dashed (2x) ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ___
A,1.0,-.5
*DIVIDE,Divide ____ . . ____ . . ____ . . ____ . . ____
A,.5,-.25,0,-.25,0,-.25
*DIVIDE2,Divide (.5x) __..__..__..__..__..__..__..__.._
A,.25,-.125,0,-.125,0,-.125
*DIVIDEX2,Divide (2x) ________ . . ________ . . _
A,1.0,-.5,0,-.5,0,-.5
*DOT,Dot . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
A,0,-.25
*DOT2,Dot (.5x) ........................................
A,0,-.125
*DOTX2,Dot (2x) . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
A,0,-.5
*HIDDEN,Hidden __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __
A,.25,-.125
*HIDDEN2,Hidden (.5x) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
A,.125,-.0625
*HIDDENX2,Hidden (2x) ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____
A,.5,-.25
*PHANTOM,Phantom ______ __ __ ______ __ __ ______
A,1.25,-.25,.25,-.25,.25,-.25
*PHANTOM2,Phantom (.5x) ___ _ _ ___ _ _ ___ _ _ ___ _ _
A,.625,-.125,.125,-.125,.125,-.125
*PHANTOMX2,Phantom (2x) ____________ ____ ____ _
A,2.5,-.5,.5,-.5,.5,-.5
;;
;; ISO 128 (ISO/DIS 12011) linetypes
;;
;; The size of the line segments for each defined ISO line, is
;; defined for an usage with a pen width of 1 mm. To use them with
;; the other ISO predefined pen widths, the line has to be scaled
;; with the appropriate value (e.g. pen width 0,5 mm -> ltscale 0.5).
;;
*ACAD_ISO02W100,ISO dash __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __
A,12,-3
*ACAD_ISO03W100,ISO dash space __ __ __ __ __ __
A,12,-18
*ACAD_ISO04W100,ISO long-dash dot ____ . ____ . ____ . ____ . _
A,24,-3,0,-3
*ACAD_ISO05W100,ISO long-dash double-dot ____ .. ____ .. ____ .
A,24,-3,0,-3,0,-3
*ACAD_ISO06W100,ISO long-dash triple-dot ____ ... ____ ... ____
A,24,-3,0,-3,0,-3,0,-3
*ACAD_ISO07W100,ISO dot . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
A,0,-3
*ACAD_ISO08W100,ISO long-dash short-dash ____ __ ____ __ ____ _
A,24,-3,6,-3
*ACAD_ISO09W100,ISO long-dash double-short-dash ____ __ __ ____
A,24,-3,6,-3,6,-3
*ACAD_ISO10W100,ISO dash dot __ . __ . __ . __ . __ . __ . __ .
A,12,-3,0,-3
*ACAD_ISO11W100,ISO double-dash dot __ __ . __ __ . __ __ . __ _
A,12,-3,12,-3,0,-3
*ACAD_ISO12W100,ISO dash double-dot __ . . __ . . __ . . __ . .
A,12,-3,0,-3,0,-3
*ACAD_ISO13W100,ISO double-dash double-dot __ __ . . __ __ . . _
A,12,-3,12,-3,0,-3,0,-3
*ACAD_ISO14W100,ISO dash triple-dot __ . . . __ . . . __ . . . _
A,12,-3,0,-3,0,-3,0,-3
*ACAD_ISO15W100,ISO double-dash triple-dot __ __ . . . __ __ . .
A,12,-3,12,-3,0,-3,0,-3,0,-3
;; Complex linetypes
;;
;; Complex linetypes have been added to this file.
;; These linetypes were defined in in
;; Release 13, and are incorporated in in
;; Release 14.
;;
;; These linetype definitions use .
;;
*FENCELINE1,Fenceline circle ----0-----0----0-----0----0-----0--
A,.25,-.1,[CIRC1,,x=-.1,s=.1],-.1,1
*FENCELINE2,Fenceline square ----[]-----[]----[]-----[]----[]---
A,.25,-.1,[BOX,,x=-.1,s=.1],-.1,1
*TRACKS,Tracks -|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-
A,.15,[TRACK1,,s=.25],.15
*BATTING,Batting SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS
A,.0001,-.1,[BAT,,x=-.1,s=.1],-.2,[BAT,,r=180,x=.1,s=.
1],-.1
*HOT_WATER_SUPPLY,Hot water supply ---- HW ---- HW ---- HW ----
A,.5,-.2,["HW",STANDARD,S=.1,R=0.0,X=-0.1,Y=-.05],-.2
*GAS_LINE,Gas line ----GAS----GAS----GAS----GAS----GAS----GAS--
A,.5,-.2,["GAS",STANDARD,S=.1,R=0.0,X=-0.1,Y=-.05],-.25
*ZIGZAG,Zig zag /
A,.0001,-.2,[ZIG,,x=-.2,s=.2],-.4,[ZIG,,r=180,x=.2,s=.
2],-.2
;; User Defined Linetypes
;;
;; Add any linetypes that you define to this section of
;; the file to ensure that they migrate properly when
;; upgrading to a future AutoCAD version. If duplicate
;; linetype definitions are found in this file, items
;; in the User Defined Linetypes section take precedence
;; over definitions that appear earlier in the file.
;;
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