2024年4月28日发(作者：)

语言文学英语翻译基础模拟题2020年(116)

(总分100, 做题时间60分钟)

翻译题

these times when market forces appear **plicated and more

volatile, it is all the more important to understand the professional

jargon and terminology in the market place in order to be able to

better make our investment and business decisions. Understanding key-

economic indicators will assist in the decision making process,

providing a snapshot of the current situation and an insight into the

future.

Each economic indicator tells us something about the economy or

inflation. Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is probably the most

important report as it is the whole framework where other economic

indicators fall under. Using the textbook formula where Gross

National Product = Consumption + Investment + Government Spending +

Exports - Imports, some of the indicators will fall into the above-

mentioned category e. g. retail sales figures will fall under

consumption, construction spending under investment, to name a few.

There are also indicators that are broader that tell us about the

economy itself rather than **ponent, e. g. employment figures,

leading indicators, money supply figures ( M3 ). Inflation figures,

Produce Price Index ( PPI) and the Consumer Price Index ( CPI) will,

in short, inform us of the changes in wholesale prices, cost of

consumer ( retail) goods and services respectively.

An indicator that is useful must be accurate, timely and reliable. It

depends entirely on the integrity of the national statistical system

responsible. It is vital to know the **ponents of an indicator. We

have to be mindful of the limitation of these statistical figures

too.

Some indicators can be historic or extremely volatile, and therefore

their value are reduced. It is better to compare the most recent data

with earlier months, or take a moving average for the past 3, 6 or 12

months to smooth the data. It will tell us if there has been a

significant change in trend and whether a new direction is under way.

SSS_TEXT_QUSTI

分值: 11.2

答案:

在目前这种时期，市场越来越变幻莫测、动荡不定，要做出明智的商业投资决

策，理解市场相关的专业术语变得尤为重要。主要经济指标传达的信息包括当

前的经济状况以及未来可能出现的情况，能协助制定投资和商业决策。

每个经济指标都能给我们一些有关经济状况或通货膨胀的信息，其中应以国内

生产总值(GDP)最为重要。与其他的经济指标不同，它反映的是整个经济体系。

经济学教材中，GDP的计算公式是：GDP=消费+投资+政府开支+出口一进口。一

些经济指标都包含在上述的方程式中，如零售销售数字包括在消费、建筑开支

属投资部分等。

除此之外，还有一些能反映整个经济状况而非各部门状况的更广泛的经济指

标，如就业数字、领先指标和货币供应(M3)等。至于通胀数据，生产物价指数

和消费物价指数，简言之，则分别让我们知道物品批发以及服务和零售消费价

格的变动。

经济指标必须准确、及时和可靠。这完全依赖于相关国家统计系统是否完善。

了解有关指标包含哪些方面也非常重要。另外，我们也应知道统计数字有局限

性。

有些指标可能过时或是波动剧烈，降低了它们的有效性。因此，比较妥当的做

法是把最新数据与之前几个月份进行比较，或是取过去3个月、6个月或12个

月的平均波动数。我们将由此知道经济趋势是否发生显著改变或者新的发展趋

势是否正在到来。

an urbanization went forward in the same climate of the

unexpected that has characterized urbanization everywhere. Townsmen,

home builders, immigrants, businesses, and governments have made

their way in a setting of constant change. They have dwelt in a space

they could never know or predict. The settlement , the building and

rebuilding, the economy and the governance of American cities thus

takes the shape of a history of peoples who **monly accepted

knowledge and traditions to a situation that demanded continuing

adaptation and change.

Today the United States is a thoroughly urbanized nation. Only 3. 4

percent of the population still farms, and everyone else, regardless

of the size of the settlement, is employed in urban-type jobs. Yet

for all the novelty of the present situation, survivals of past

stages of American urbanization continues as active tensions within

the new totally urbanized setting.

The racial conflicts between whites and blacks, devolving from the

seventeenth century enslavement of Africans, grind on. Seventeenth,

eighteenth, and nineteenth century conflicts among farmers, village

merchants, city brokers, and bankers go forward in the politics of

governments-subsidized agriculture and government-managed banking.

The rivalries among developers, contractors, and cities that

characterized the building of nineteenth century canals and railroads

reappear in the politics of interstate highways, airplanes, and

**munications. The specialized city districts that first took shape

in the nineteenth century now have been magnified a thousand times

into the giant mosaics of metropolitan suburbs, industrial and office

parks, shopping centers, and resort and retirement settlements.

**munity-destroying tensions of relative poverty amidst great wealth

first appeared with urban boom of the early nineteenth century. At

that time these tensions found their characteristic outlets in

workers unions. Now riches and poverty are separated into distant

enclaves within vast metropolitan regions, and class conflicts appear

in the rivalry of economic factions for special advantages within the

system of welfare capitalism of the federal government. The American

city remains, as in the nineteenth century, the preeminent place of

class contrast, but in the current national and international economy

of the United States the city is no longer the place where relief can

be sought.

SSS_TEXT_QUSTI

分值: 11.1

答案:

美国的城市化，在那些毫无预见的人看来，是在其他地方的城市化毫无二致的

气氛中进行的。城镇居民、营造家园者、外地移民、商贸往来、政府部门，都

在不断变化的环境中拓展。他们生活在一个自己不可能知道，也不可能预见的

空间中。因此，美国城市的开拓，建设和重建，经济发展，管理整治，呈现出

一种历史形式，即不同的民族把共同接受的知识和传统带到了一个需要不断调

整和改变的情势下。

如今的美国已是一个彻底城市化的国家；除了3．4％的人依然务农外，其他

人，不管其财产处理方式如何，均从事城市型的工作。尽管当前的情况很新

奇，但是，美国城市化过程中各个历史阶段遗留下来的东西，都作为灵敏的张

力继续出现在完全城市化的新环境中。

从17世纪非洲人沦为奴隶开始的白人和黑人之间的种族冲突，依然存在；17、

18和19世纪农场主、农村商人、城市经纪人、银行家之间的分歧，仍然在政

府补贴农业、政府管理银行的政治方面有增无减。19世纪开发者、承包商和城

镇一度围绕开渠修路展开的竞争，又重新出现在州际公路、机场和电讯等建设

上。19世纪首次形成的专业化市区，如今扩大了上千倍，已成为都市郊区、工

业园区、办公园地、购物中心、避暑疗养地等庞大建筑群体。随着19世纪初期

城市的繁荣，首先在巨富中间出现了相对贫困，造成破坏社区的紧张状况。当

时的这种紧张状况主要表现在工人组织之中。现在的贫富分化已在广大城区中

形成差异，非常悬殊的社区，阶级冲突已随着经济派别在联邦政府实行的福利

资本主义制度内争夺特殊利益而出现。现在的美国城市仍然是像19世纪那样是

一个阶级差别鲜明的地方，但是，在美国当前的国家和国际经济中，城市不再

是人们可以寻求轻松的去处。

the earliest times in England, the traveler' s inn has always

been a warm and hospitable place, a gathering place for voyagers to

rest and recover. The tireless landlord, the local customers sharing

drinks and food, the welcoming atmosphere, have all become part of

the legend of the typical English country and city life. In later

centuries, the English tavern took on the role of community gathering

place, being the location where friendly chatter and fierce social

debate mixed with business discussions, and food, wine, beer and

coffee were consumed as the noise of convivial exchanges rose.

In modern times, the English pub often continues to function as

**munal meeting place, especially for people whose homes are too

small to entertain any number of guests or friends. In many Asian

countries, the local restaurant serves a similar social function.

In Ireland, the pub has acted as a central attraction for poorer

villagers in the rural areas, and as a literary and social focus in

the cities. In keeping with the sociable nature of pub gatherings,

music as well as talk has become a central part of this institution

in Ireland.

Now people around the world are able to experience the friendly

nature of the Irish pub, which follows in the wake of its English

equivalent as a welcome and growing expert. English pubs have been

found in America, in parts of Europe and throughout the world where

English pub is witnessing an outburst of international popularity as

westerns turn away from their television **puter screens and seek to

put a human face to their social contacts. They are finding it in the

bars and corners of Irish pubs where Guinness stout, the Irish

national drink, is available in the tall dark creamy pint glasses and

Irish music is the regular fare.

An international representative for the Irish manufacturers of

Jameson' s whiskey, Patrick Mc-Carville, points out that while the

world has been laughing at Irish jokes (a stereotype of the Irish way

of life) , the Irish have been quietly carrying out an economic coup

which is seen in the evidence of the explosion of Irish pubs.

SSS_TEXT_QUSTI

分值: 11.1

答案:

从最古老的年代起，英国的旅客客栈就一直是温馨好客的地方，旅行者可聚集

在那里休养生息。那不知疲倦的店主，前来饮酒就餐的当地人以及店中好客的

气氛，都已经成了典型的英国城乡生活的一个佳话。在后来的几个世纪中，英

国的客栈成了社区公众聚集的地方，在那里人们友好地闲聊，就社会问题进行

激烈的争论，还有的人在谈生意，他们一边进行欢快喧闹的交流，一边吃饭，

一边喝些葡萄酒、啤酒或咖啡。

在现代社会，英国酒吧继续成为公众聚集的地方，特别是有些人因家居狭窄，

不便应酬宾客或朋友，便常光顾酒店。在许多亚洲国家，当地饭馆也具有同样

的社会功能。

在爱尔兰，客栈在乡间是吸引贫穷人们的聚首之地，在城市，酒吧则成了文化

和社会的中心，为了跟上酒吧中公众聚集的交际需求，音乐和交谈成了爱尔兰

酒吧的中心内容。

现在全世界的人们都能感受到爱尔兰酒吧的友善，它们紧步英国酒吧的后尘，

成了热情好客的行家里手。在美国、欧洲的一些地区，甚至是在全世界，英国

酒吧迅速地受到世人的欢迎，这是由于西方人远离了电视和计算机屏幕，而去

追求面对面的社交。他们在爱尔兰酒吧或是酒馆中，能喝到吉尼斯烈性黑啤

酒，这种酒盛在高高的黑色的含有大量奶油的品脱杯中，是爱尔兰的国酒。人

们在酒吧里也能常常享受到爱尔兰音乐。

贾米森威士忌在爱尔兰酿造厂的国际代表，帕特里克?麦卡维尔指出，当人们一

直在对爱尔兰笑话放声嘲弄时(这指的是一种陈腐的爱尔兰生活方式)，爱尔兰

人正悄然兴起一场迅猛的经济变革，爱尔兰酒吧的骤变就是可见的证明。

Shape of Things to Come

When the world was a simpler place, the rich were fat, the poor were

thin, and right-thinking people worried about how to feed the hungry.

Now, in much of the world, the rich are thin, the poor are fat, and

right-thinking people are worrying about obesity.

Evolution is mostly to blame. It has designed mankind to cope with

deprivation, not plenty. People are perfectly tuned to store energy

in good years to see them through lean ones. But when bad times **e,

they are stuck with that energy stored around their expanding

bellies.

Thanks to rising agricultural productivity, lean years are rarer all

over the globe. Modern-day Malthusians, who used to draw graphs

proving that the world was shortly going to run out of food, have

gone rather quiet lately. According to the UN, the number of people

short of food fell from 920m in 1980 to 799m 20 years later, even

though the world' s population increased by 1. 6 billion over the

period. This is mostly a cause for celebration. Mankind has won what

was, for most of his time on this planet, his biggest battle: to

ensure that he and his offspring had had enough to eat. But every

silver lining has a cloud, and the consequence of prosperity is a new

plague that brings with it a host of interesting policy dilemmas.

As a scourge of the modern world, obesity has an image problem. It is

easier to associate with Father Christmas than with the four horses

of the apocalypse. But it has a good claim to lumber along beside

them, for it is the world' s biggest public-health issue today—the

main cause of heart disease and diabetes. Since the World Health

Organization labeled obesity an "epidemic" in 2000, reports on its

fearful consequences **e thick and fast.

SSS_TEXT_QUSTI

分值: 11.1

答案:

未来的身段

世界原本没有这么复杂。那时，富人胖，穷人瘦，头脑正常的人在发愁：怎样

才能让挨饿的人吃上饭。而现在，在这个世界上的很多地方，富人瘦，穷人

胖。头脑正常的人在为肥胖发愁。

这罪魁祸首就是进化。进化已将人类设定好了，它使人能对付匮乏，却不会应

对富足。经过进化的完美调教，人们可以在丰年储存能量，靠它捱过荒年。但

是如果坏年景总也不来，他们不断增长的肚皮上囤积的能量，就甩不掉了。

由于农业生产力不断提高，荒年在世界各地都更为罕见。当代的马尔萨斯论者

曾画出各种图表，证明全世界的粮食马上就会吃完，而他们最近却不怎么吱声

了。根据联合国的数据，粮食短缺的人口从1980年的9．2亿下降到了20年后

的7．99亿，尽管世界人口同期增长了16亿。这总该是件可喜可贺的事情。人

类打了个大胜仗，他们在这个星球上的绝大部分时间里，都在为赢得这场最大

的战役而奋斗，那就是保证他们自己和子孙后代都能吃得饱。但是，凡是好

事，都有可能向坏的方面转化，现在富足带来了一种新的烦恼，搞得人们在一

大堆问题的决策上进退两难，这种近况令人关注。

肥胖这个当今世界的灾难，首先带来的是一个形象问题。它更容易让人联想到

圣诞老人，而不是《圣经?启示录》中(给人类带来战争、饥荒、瘟疫和死亡的)

那四匹马。但肥胖完全有理由和这四匹马并驾齐驱，因为它是当今世界公众健

康最大的问题，是引起心脏病和糖尿病的主要原因。自从世界卫生组织2000年

把肥胖列为“流行病”，对其可怕后果的报道一时间连篇累牍，铺天盖地。

Palace

The Elysee Palace in France enjoys equal popularity in the world with

the Buckingham Palace in the United Kingdom, the Kremlin in Russia as

well as the White House in the U. S. A. It is the residence of the

president of the French Republic and the symbol of the supreme

authority in France.

The Elysee Palace, with an area of 11,000 square meters, is at the

eastern end of the Champs Elysee in the bustling city of Paris proper

and backed by a large and tranquil garden of more than twenty

thousand square meters. Its main building, quite handsome and

graceful, is a 2-story classical stone architecture of European

style, flanked by two side buildings facing each other and with an

extensive rectangular courtyard in the middle. There are altogether

369 halls and rooms of different size.

The Elysee Palace, built in 1718, has a long history of closing to

300 years to date. This house was at first a private residence of a

count named d' Evreau, hence it was called Hotel d' Ev-reau. It had

later gone through many vicissitudes and its owners had been changed

for many times, but all the dwellers in it were distinguished

personages and high officials. The house was renamed Bonaparte

Mansion when it was owned by Louis XV and Louis XVI successively when

they acted as emperors. Napoleon I signed his act of abdication here

when he had suffered crushing defeat in the Battle of Waterloo in

1815. Napoleon III moved in the Mansion in 1848 when he was elected

president, and the house became a Royal Palace when he proclaimed

himself as emperor. The Third French Republic issued a decree in

1873, designating officially the Elysee Palace as the residence of

president of the French Republic. Over the hundred odd years since

then, almost all the presidents of the French Republic worked and

lived there. Starting from 1989, the Elysee Palace is open to the

public every year in September on the French Castles Day.