2024年4月12日发(作者：)
专题10 完形填空夹叙夹议文（全国卷20空）
1.
（
2021
•
全国乙卷）
Simply saying thank you doesn't seem enough in certain situations. I was considering this while working as a
1 just a few weeks ago. And it came to me then how much easier it would be if we had a range of words that
express different 2 of gratitude(
感谢
).
My thoughts were soon 3 . We had a woman patient who was 4 from a knee replacement
operation. One afternoon, while 5 to get into bed she collapsed(
倒下
) from what was 6 discovered
to be a heart attack. The collapse was disastrous, 7 the emergency medical team and good teamwork. But
she recovered, though 8 , and was ready for discharge(
出院
)after four weeks.
She was 9 for everything that the medical and nursing team had done for her. On her day of discharge,
we shared in her 10 at her recovery. As she was 11 she was eager to say 12 to each of us
in the nursing team. When she 13 one nurse, she tried to press a five-pound note into her hand. My
colleague 14 to accept it, saying that we were all just 15 our job. The patient looked puzzled, and
then 16 :“Oh this isn't for the 17 I had. I take that as a 18 . No, this is for setting my hair
yesterday.”
And there you have it. To many people, 19 lives is part of the job but styling hair is an 20 and
should be rewarded.
1
．
A
．
cleaner
2
．
A
．
grades
B
．
chemist
B
．
meanings
C
．
nurse
C
．
needs
D
．
doctor
D
．
expectations
3
．
A
．
brushed aside B
．
put to the test
4
．
A
．
departing
5
．
A
．
attempting
6
．
A
．
eventually
7
．
A
．
assessing
8
．
A
．
slightly
9
．
A
．
grateful
10
．
A
．
surprise
11
．
A
．
operating
12
．
A
．
sorry
B
．
escaping
B
．
choosing
B
．
fortunately
B
．
requiring
B
．
accidentally
B
．
thoughtful
B
．
delight
B
．
thinking
B
．
hello
C
．
brought under discussion D
．
taken into account
C
．
retiring
C
．
pausing
C
．
casually
C
．
forming
C
．
slowly
C
．
sorrowful
C
．
curiosity
C
．
hesitating
C
．
goodbye
D
．
recovering
D
．
promising
D
．
secretly
D
．
proving
D
．
happily
D
．
fearful
D
．
disappointment
D
．
leaving
D
．
yes
13
．
A
．
reached
14
．
A
．
wished
15
．
A
．
enjoying
16
．
A
．
repeated
17
．
A
．
courage
18
．
A
．
goal
19
．
A
．
risking
20
．
A
．
honour
【答案】
1
．
C
2
．
A
3
．
B
4
．
D
5
．
A
6
．
A
7
．
B
8
．
C
9
．
A
10
．
B
11
．
D
12
．
C
13
．
A
14
．
D
15
．
B
16
．
C
17
．
D
18
．
B
19
．
C
20
．
D
B
．
consulted
B
．
pretended
B
．
doing
B
．
recited
B
．
patience
B
．
given
B
．
changing
B
．
ability
C
．
introduced
C
．
failed
C
．
securing
C
．
replied
C
．
duty
C
．
push
C
．
saving
C
．
opening
D
．
persuaded
D
．
refused
D
．
starting
D
．
reported
D
．
care
D
．
greeting
D
．
building
D
．
extra
【分析】
这是一篇夹叙夹议的文章。文章通过作者做护士期间遇到的一个女病人为例，表达了我们应该对别人的付
出表示真诚的感谢，即使他们只是做了自己分内的事。
1
．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：几周前我在做护士的时候就在考虑这个问题。
A. cleaner
清洁工；
B. chemist
化学
家，药剂师；
C. nurse
护士；
D. doctor
医生。根据下文的
“as she was 11 she was eager to say 12 to each of us in
the nursing team.”
可知，当时作者是一名护士。故选
C
。
2
．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我突然想到，如果我们有一系列表达不同程度感激之情的词语，那会容易得多。
A. grades
分数，
B. meanings
意思；
C. needs
需求；
D. expectations
期待。级别，程度；根据上文的
“simply saying
thank you doesn’t seem enough in certain situations”
可知，作者认为如果有表达不同程度感谢的词，那么感谢
就容易得多了。故选
A
。
3
．
考查动词短语辨析。句意：我的想法很快就进行了测验。
A. brushed aside
撇开；
B. put to the test
经受考验，
接受
……
的考验；
C. brought under discussion
在讨论中；
D. taken into account
考虑。结合下文讲述女病人对
护士们的所为，可知作者的想法立即接受了测验。故选
B
。
4
．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们有一个病人膝盖置换手术后正在康复。
A. departing
出发，离开；
B. escaping
逃跑；
C. retiring
退休；
D. recovering
恢复。结合下文提到手术和病人从床上摔下来可知，病人正在恢复中。
故选
D
。
5
．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：一天下午，当她试图上床睡觉时，她因心脏病而摔倒了。
A. attempting
试图，尝
试；
B. choosing
选择；
C. pausing
暂停；
D. promising
承诺。结合上文提到这是个膝盖有伤的病人，可推知
她尝试着自己上床。故选
A
。
6
．
考查副词词义辨析。句意：一天下午，当她试图上床睡觉时，她因心脏病而摔倒了。
A. eventually
最后；
B.
fortunately
幸运地；
C. casually
随意地；
D. secretly
秘密地。结合上文病人是因为膝盖置换手术而住院，由此
可知，此处是指最终发现摔倒是因为心脏病。故选
A
。
7
．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：这次摔倒是灾难性的，需要紧急医疗队和良好的团队合作。
A. assessing
评估；
B. requiring
需要；
C. forming
形成；
D. proving
证明。根据
“the collapse was disastrous”
可知，要想把病人治
好需要紧急医疗队和良好的团队合作。故选
B
。
8
．
考查副词词义辨析。句意：虽然很慢，但她恢复了，四周后就可以出院了。
A. slightly
轻微地；
B. accidently
意外地；
C. slowly
缓慢地；
D. happily
幸福地。根据上文的
“the collapse was disastrous”
可知，要从灾难性的
病痛中恢复一定很慢。故选
C
。
9
．
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她对医疗及护士团队为她所作的一切都非常感激。
A. grateful
感激的；
B.
thoughtful
体贴的；
C. sorrowful
伤心的，
D. fearful
恐惧的。悲伤的；结合下文女病人离开前和大家一一道别，
推知她对大家的付出表示感激。故选
A
。
10
．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：在她出院那天，我们分享了她康复的喜悦。
A. surprise
惊喜；
B. delight
喜悦；
C. curiosity
好奇心；
D. disappointment
失望。根据下文的
“her recovery”
可知，此处是指分享她康复的喜悦。
故选
B
。
11
．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：当她要离开时，她急切地想和我们护理队的每一个人说再见。
A. operating
手术；
B. thinking
思考；
C. hesitating
犹豫；
D. leaving
离开。根据上文的
“on her day of discharge”
可知，女病人要出
院了，所以此处是指当她即将离开医院时。故选
D
。
12
．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：当她要离开时，她急切地想和我们护理队的每一个人说再见。
A. sorry
抱歉；
B.
hello
你好；
C. goodbye
再见；
D. yes
同意。根据上文的
“on her day of discharge”
可知，女病人要出院了，由
此推知她对护理团队的人告别，
say goodbye to sb.“
和某人告别
”
符合语境。故选
C
。
13
．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：当她走到一个护士身边时，她试图塞一张五英镑的钞票在她手里。
A. reached
到
达；
B. consulted
咨询；
C. introduced
介绍；
D. persuaded
说服。结合上文提到女病人出院时要和护士们一一
道别可知，此处是指她走到一个护士的身边，用
“reach”
符合语境。故选
A
。
14
．
A. wished
希望；
B. pretended
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我的同事拒绝接受，说我们只是做了自己的工作而已。
假装；
C. failed
失败；
D. refused
拒绝。结合常识和下文的
“we were all just 13 our job”
可知，作者的同事拒绝
收下女士给的钱。故选
D
。
15
．
A. enjoying
享受；
B. doing
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我的同事拒绝接受，说我们只是做了自己的工作而已。
做；
C. securing
获得，保护；
D. starting
开始。根据上文提到作者的同事拒绝收下钱可推知，她认为照顾病
人只是做了自己应该做的事情而已。故选
B
。
16
．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：这个病人开起来很困惑，然后回复到：
“
噢，这不是因为我接受的照顾。我认为
”A. repeated
重复；
B. recited
背诵；
C. replied
回答，
D. reported
它是应该的。不，这是昨天给我做头发的。回应；
报道。结合上文作者同事说照顾女士是自己的工作，不应该得到额外的礼物可知，此处是女病人对同事说
的话的回应。故选
C
。
17
．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：这个病人开起来很困惑，然后回复到：
“
噢，这不是因为我接受的照顾。我认为
它是应该的。不，这是昨天给我做头发的。
”A. courage
勇气；
B. patience
耐心；
C. duty
职责；
D. care
照顾。
根据下文的
“No, this is for setting my hair yesterday”
可知，女病人并不是因为护士的照顾才给的五英镑。故选
D
。
18
．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：这个病人开起来很困惑，然后回复到：
“
噢，这不是因为我接受的照顾。我认为
它是应该的。不，这是昨天给我做头发的。
”A. goal
目标；
B. given
该给的东西；
C. push
推力；
D. greeting
招呼。根据上文的
“No, this is for setting my hair yesterday”
推知，女病人认为她得到的照顾是护士们应该给她
的（东西）。故选
B
。
19
．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：对许多人来说，拯救生命是工作的一部分，但发型是额外的，应该得到奖励。
A. risking
冒险；
B. changing
改变；
C. saving
拯救，挽救；
D. building
建设。根据上文内容可知，医生和护
理团队拯救了女病人的生命可知，此处指很多人认为拯救生命是医生和护士工作的一部分。故选
C
。
20
．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：对许多人来说，拯救生命是工作的一部分，但做发型是额外的事情，应该得到
A. honour
荣誉；
B. ability
能力；
C. opening
开口处；
D. extra
额外的东西。
奖励。根据下文的
“To many people
，
19 lives is part of the job”
和
“but”
可知，此处指做发型是本职工作以外的事情，即额外做的事情，应该得到
奖励。故选
D
。
2.
（
2021
•
浙江卷 •
1
月卷）
Last year I decided to do some volunteer work. I began to 21 on the Internet and discovered Volunteer
USA
．
Three months later I 22 myself on a plane to Phoenix, Arizona. I was 23 at the thought of living
with loads of new people for three months. However, within fifteen minutes of 24 , my worries had gone.
Everyone was so 25 and like-minded that it was very 26 to feel at home.
I was sent to the Coronado National Forest for my first 8-day 27 . We had to 28 everything we
needed and walk three miles to where we worked. It may not seem like a 29 way but in 35℃ heat and with a
heavy pack, my legs were on fire.
My job was to 30 a stairway out of rock. This 31 climbing up and down the side of a mountain
inhabited (
栖息
) by mountain lions, although I should say they were only heard,never 32 .
Three days later, a beautiful stairway came into being. The 33 of knowing that my 34 will be on
that mountainside for years to come is massive.
But on the last night we were 35 in a thunderstorm. I woke up at midnight to find a swimming pool in
my tent. The temperature was close to 36 . I had to spend the rest of the night trembling in the only 37
part of my tent.
38 , I suffered a lot. But I know whatever I have to face in my life I was there and I 39 . I think I
am much 40 for having taken part in the project.
21
．
A
．
calculate
22
．
A
．
imagined
23
．
A
．
annoyed
24
．
A
．
arriving
25
．
A
．
confident
26
．
A
．
funny
27
．
A
．
tour
28
．
A
．
drop
29
．
A
．
nice
30
．
A
．
build
31
．
A
．
helped
32
．
A
．
hunted
33
．
A
．
satisfaction
34
．
A
．
work
35
．
A
．
left
B
．
negotiate
B
．
introduced
B
．
surprised
B
．
sleeping
B
．
friendly
B
．
good
B
．
project
B
．
make
B
．
safe
B
．
test
B
．
ended
B
．
trained
B
．
ambition
B
．
memory
B
．
caught
C
．
advertise
C
．
enjoyed
C
．
scared
C
．
thinking
C
．
energetic
C
．
lucky
C
．
campaign
C
．
carry
C
．
long
C
．
clean
C
．
allowed
C
．
seen
C
．
expectation
C
．
record
C
．
attacked
D
．
research
D
．
found
D
．
excited
D
．
walking
D
．
curious
D
．
easy
D
．
course
D
．
buy
D
．
quick
D
．
guard
D
．
meant
D
．
fed
D
．
intention
D
．
story
D
．
separated
36
．
A
．
boiling
37
．
A
．
tidy
38
．
A
．
By the way
39
．
A
．
survived
40
．
A
．
smarter
【答案】
21
．
D
22
．
D
23
．
C
24
．
A
25
．
B
26
．
D
27
．
B
28
．
C
29
．
C
30
．
A
31
．
D
32
．
C
33
．
A
34
．
A
35
．
B
36
．
D
37
．
B
38
．
C
39
．
A
40
．
B
【分析】
B
．
average
B
．
dry
C
．
normal
C
．
new
D
．
freezing
D
．
soft
D
．
In either case
D
．
recovered
D
．
busier
B
．
Regardless of that C
．
Needless to say
B
．
resisted
B
．
stronger
C
．
escaped
C
．
happier
这是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章讲述了作者去年通过网上查询信息得到去科罗拉多国家森林当志愿者的机会，
虽然期间作者经历了暴雨中帐篷漏水，为狮子上下山而搭建台阶的繁重工作等磨难，仍然感谢这个经历让
自己变得更坚强。
21
．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我开始在网上查询并且发现
“
美国志愿者
”
。
A. calculate
计算；
B. negotiate
协商；
C. advertise
登广告；
D. research
研究。根据前文的
“Last year I decided to do some volunteer work.”
可知，作者
在网上研究有哪些可以做志愿者的信息。故选
D
项。
22
．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：三个月后，我发现自己在飞往亚利桑那州凤凰城的飞机上。
A. imagined
想象；
B. introduced
介绍；
C. enjoyed
喜欢；
D. found
发现。根据前文的
“I began to_1_on the Internet…”
可知，作者
之前还在网上查阅，三个月后自己就动身了。故选
D
项。
23
．
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：一想到我要和一群陌生人一起住三个月，我很害怕。
A. annoyed
烦恼的；
B.
surprised
惊讶的；
C. scared
害怕的；
D. excited
兴奋的。根据后面的
“my worries had gone.”
可知，我一开始很
担忧。故选
C
项。
24
．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，到达
15
分钟里我的担忧就消失了。
A. arriving
到达；
B. sleeping
睡觉；
C. thinking
思考；
D. walking
行走。根据
“feel at home”
得知到达目的地不久，作者就不担心了。故选
A
项。
25
．
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：每个人都如此友好和志趣相投以至于很容易有宾至如家的感觉。
A. confident
自信的；
B. friendly
友好的；
C. energetic
活力的；
D. curious
好奇的。根据后文
“and like-minded”
可推断，作
者感觉大家都很友好。故选
B
项。
26
．
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：每个人都如此友好和志趣相投以至于很容易有宾至如家的感觉。
A. funny
搞笑
的；
B. good
好的；
C. lucky
幸运的；
D. easy
容易的。根据
“that like-minded”
和
“feel at home”
得知大家都很
友好并且志趣相投，感觉到家的温暖很容易。故选
D
项。
27
．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我被派往科罗拉多国家森林开始头
8
天的项目。
A. tour
游览；
B. project
项目；
C. campaign
活动；
D. course
课程。根据下文
“for having taken part in the project”
可知，这是在说当志愿者的
项目，原词复现。故选
B
项。
28
．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们必须带上需要的东西走到三英里外我们工作的地方。
A. drop
掉下；
B. make
制作；
C. carry
携带；
D. buy
购买。根据下文
“with a heavy pack”
可知，作者他们要背负着必需品走。故选
C
项。
29
．
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：可能看起来不远，但是在
35
度高温下，背着沉重的物品，我的腿像是着了火。
A. nice
好的；
B. safe
安全的；
C. long
长的；
D. quick
快的。根据前文
“walk three miles”
可知，作者他们走的
路程不远。故选
C
项。
30
．
A. build
建造；
B. test
测试；
C. clean
清洁；
D. guard
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我的工作是用岩石建一个阶梯。
保卫。根据下文
“climbing up and down the side of a mountain.”
可知，作者在狮子栖息地建一个阶梯供狮子攀
爬。故选
A
项。
31
．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：这意味着狮子能在山上栖息地通过阶梯爬上爬下。
A. helped
帮助；
B. ended
结
束；
C. allowed
允许；
D. meant
意味。根据
“climbing up and down”
可知，台阶修好了意味着狮子可以爬上爬
下。故选
D
项。
32
．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：虽然我应该说他们只被听说过，从没被亲眼见过。
A. hunted
捕猎；
B. trained
训
练；
C. seen
看到；
D. fed
喂养。根据前文
“although I should say they were only heard”
可知，作者以前没有见
过。故选
C
项。
33
．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：知道我的作品将会在未来的几年里出现在那片山坡上，我的满足感是巨大的。
A. satisfaction
满意；
B. ambition
雄心；
C. expectation
期待；
D. intention
意图。根据上文的
“a beautiful stairway
came into being”
可知，我修的台阶成型了，我很满意。故选
A
项。
34
．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：知道我的作品将会在未来的几年里出现在那片山坡上，我的满足感是巨大的。
A. work
工作，作品；
B. memory
回忆；
C. record
记录；
D. story
故事。根据上文的
“My job was to”“a beautiful
stairway came into being”
可知，修台阶是我的工作。故选
A
项。
35
．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：但是在最后一晚，我们被困在雷雨中。
A. left
离开；
B. caught
捉住；
C. attacked
袭击；
D. separated
分离。根据下文
“I woke up at midnight to find a swimming pool in my tent”
可知，作者他们
被困在雷雨中。故选
B
项。
36
．
考查形容词短语辨析。句意：温度接近零度。
A. boiling
煮沸的的；
B. average
平均的；
C. normal
正常的；
D. freezing
冰冻的。根据下文
“trembling”
得知温度很低。故选
D
项。
37
．
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我不得不后半夜在帐篷干的那一块地方发抖。
A. tidy
干净的；
B. dry
干的；
C. new
新的；
D. soft
软的。根据上文的
“thunderstorm”
和后文的
“part of my tent”
可知，帐篷里进了水，作者
蜷缩在帐篷干的地方。故选
B
项。
38
．
考查介词短语词义辨析。句意：不用说我受了很多苦。
A. By the way
顺便问一下；
B. Regardless of that
尽管
这样；
C. Needless to say
不用说；
D. In either case
在这两种情况下。根据前文给狮子栖息地建造台阶和下雨
天帐篷漏水可知，作者当志愿者时受了很多苦。故选
C
项。
39
．
A. survived
生存；
B. resisted
考查动词辨析。句意：但是我知道不论人生中面对什么，我都在这，我都活了下来。
反抗；
C. escaped
逃离，抓牢；
D. recovered
恢复。根据上文
“But I know whatever I have to face in my life I was
there.”
可知，作者认为再多苦都可以坚持下来，挺过去。故选
A
项。
40
．
考查形容词比较级词义辨析。句意：我认为因为参加这个项目我更强壮了。
A. smarter
更聪明的；
B. stronger
更强壮的；
C. happier
更快乐的；
D. busier
更忙碌的。根据前文
“But I know whatever I have to face in my life I
was there.
可知作者感觉经历让他更强壮。故选
B
项。
1. Passage 1
（
2021·
安徽池州市
·
高三期末）
I was in deep thought. The year drew to a 1 . What would I accomplish in the next?
I looked up at the 2 in the distance. They were white now. Not long ago, they were brown. In the time
I’ve lived in Idaho, I’ve had the opportunity to watch the 3 of seasons make their changes on those
mountains I am never 4 of seeing.
My first 5 of them came in September. The sides of the mountains were painted green with the leaves.
Near the top were pines. The days moved on. The weather 6 . The leaves browned. The mountain
changed.
Fall 7 to winter. I stood and watched the top of the mountains turn a blinding white. I’m not a skier,
but I imagined the excitement of 8 down the side of those mountains—free, fast, and 9 .
Winter turned to 10 . The snow in the valley 11 . The weeks passed, the green in the valley
flowed 12 up the slopes like a reversed waterfall. The mountains were as I first saw them, green and leafy.
On this New Year’s Eve, the mountains are white again. I saw so many changes, but were they changes? The
mountains are never changing. Like people, they only changed 13 to fit the weather. They didn’t allow
outside influences to 14 what lie beneath their coats of changing colors. They were always the same.
I’m in my third season of life. A little snow has 15 at my peak. My clothing changed to 16
my seasons. Next year and all my years to follow, I want to be as constant as a mountain. Although my looks
change, I want to be 17 . My body will change coats many times, but when my day is done, I want people to
say, “No matter what the seasons of life 18 , he never changed inside. He never 19 the pressures of
the seasons or the weathers of life to change what he was underneath. He was a 20 mountain you could
rely on.”
1
．
A
．
close
2
．
A
．
ruins
3
．
A
．
variety
4
．
A
．
tired
5
．
A
．
sight
6
．
A
．
wanned
7
．
A
．
contributed
8
．
A
．
throwing
9
．
A
．
frustrated
10
．
A
．
spring
11
．
A
．
multiplied
12
．
A
．
steadily
13
．
A
．
rules
14
．
A
．
uncover
15
．
A
．
melted
B
．
change
B
．
remains
B
．
order
B
．
informed
B
．
intention
B
．
cooled
B
．
gave way
B
．
slipping
B
．
motivated
B
．
summer
B
．
disappeared
B
．
immediately
B
．
colors
B
．
change
B
．
slimmed
C
．
practice
C
．
trees
C
．
stress
C
．
accused
C
．
scenery
C
．
improved
C
．
subscribed
C
．
climbing
C
．
panicked
C
．
fall
C
．
stayed
C
．
gradually
C
．
coats
C
．
expose
C
．
gathered
D
．
agreement
D
．
mountains
D
．
cycle
D
．
convinced
D
．
desire
D
．
continued
D
．
gave in
D
．
battling
D
．
thrilled
D
．
winter
D
．
thickened
D
．
casually
D
．
measures
D
．
remove
D
．
frozen
16
．
A
．
instruct
17
．
A
．
inspiring
18
．
A
．
fetched
19
．
A
．
requested
20
．
A
．
naturally
【答案】
1
．
A
11
．
B
2
．
D
12
．
A
B
．
confirm
B
．
reliable
B
．
took
B
．
expected
B
．
consequently
C
．
fit
C
．
challenging
C
．
presented
C
．
meant
C
．
definitely
D
．
fight
D
．
brave
D
．
rewarded
D
．
allowed
D
．
instantly
3
．
D
13
．
C
4
．
A
14
．
B
5
．
A
15
．
C
6
．
B
16
．
C
7
．
B
17
．
B
8
．
B
18
．
C
9
．
D
19
．
D
10
．
A
20
．
C
【分析】这是一篇议论文。文章主要讲述作者的人生感悟。群山随着四季循环，山的外层颜色不断的变化，
但山的内在永远不会变，从而感慨自己的人生，随着生命季节的变化，作者的外表发生了改变，但希望内
心不变，成为一个对于他人来说真正值得依赖的人。
1
．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这一年接近尾声。
A. close
关闭，结束；
B. change
改变；
C. practice
实践，练
习；
D. agreement
协议，一致。分析可知，后文
“What would I accomplish in the next?”
中的
“in the next”
应是指
下一年，因此可推知，本句
“The year drew to a ___1___”
应是指这一年要结束了，
“draw to a close”
，固定短
语，意为
“
渐近结束；告终
”
，符合语境。故选
A
项。
2
．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我抬头望着远处的群山。
A. ruins
废墟，残存部分；
B. remains
剩余物，古迹；
C. trees
树木；
D. mountains
山脉。根据后文
“on those mountains”
可知，
此处表达作者
“
眺望远山
”
。故选
D
项。
3
．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在我住在爱达荷州的时间里，我有机会在那些我永远看不腻的山上观察季节
的循环和它们的变化。
A. variety
变化，多变性；
B. order
顺序，命令；
C. stress
压力，紧张；
D. cycle
循环。
根据空后
“seasons”
意为
“
季节
”
，且后文
“Fall ___7___ to winter.”“Winter turned to ___10___ .”“The mountains
were as I first saw them, green and leafy. On this New Year’s Eve, the mountains are white again.”
可知，这里应是
指四季的循环使得群山（的景色）发生了变化。故选
D
项。
4
．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在我住在爱达荷州的时间里，我有机会在那些我永远看不腻的山上观察季
节的循环和它们的变化。
A. tired
疲劳的，疲倦的；
B. informed
见多识广的，了解情况的；
C. accused
被控
告的；
D. convinced
确信的，深信的。根据后文作者对于山脉四季变化的描述
“The sides of the mountains were
painted green with the leaves.(
山的两侧被树叶涂成了绿色。
)”
，
“The leaves browned. The mountain changed.(
树
叶变成褐色。山上发生了变化。
)”
和
“I stood and watched the top of the mountains turn a blinding white.(
我站在
那里，看着山顶变成一片炫目的白色。
)”
可知，群山的四季变化使得作者
“
侃侃而谈
”
，
“never be tired of sth”
，
可意为
“
永不厌倦
”
，符合作者的感情表达。故选
A
项。
5
．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我第一次见到它们是在九月。
A. sight
视力，景象；
B. intention
意图，目的；
C. scenery
风景，景色；
D. desire
愿望，要求。根据后文
“The sides of the mountains were painted green with the
leaves.(
山的两侧被树叶涂成了绿色。
)”
可知，这是作者第一次看山时的景色。
“first sight”
，可意为
“
第一眼；
初见
”
，符合句意和语境。故选
A
项。
6
．考查动词词义辨析。句意：天气变凉了。
A. wanned
（使）变苍白，（使）呈病态；
B. cooled
使冷却，变
凉；
C. improved
提高，改善；
D. continued
继续。根据后文
“The leaves browned.”
可知，应是天气凉了，树叶
变成了褐色。故选
B
项。
7
．考查动词词义辨析和动词短语辨析。句意：秋天被冬天所取代。
A. contributed
贡献，是
……
的原因；
B.
gave way
（
to
）被替代；
C. subscribed
订阅，捐款；
D. gave in
屈服，让步。根据后文
“I stood and watched the
top of the mountains turn a blinding white.(
我站在那里，看着山顶变成一片炫目的白色。
)”
可知，应是冬天到
了，秋天被冬天所取代。
“give away to”
，固定短语，意为
“
被取代
”
。故选
B
项。
8
．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我不是一个滑雪者，但我想象着从山的一侧滑下来的兴奋
——
自由、快速、
激动。
A. throwing
扔，掷；
B. slipping
滑倒，滑动；
C. climbing
攀登；
D. battling
搏斗，奋斗，斗争。根据
前文
“I’m not a skier(
我不是一个滑雪者
)”
可知，作者应是在想象从山上滑雪下来时的感觉。故选
B
项。
9
．考查形容词义辨析。句意：我不是一个滑雪者，但我想象着从山的一侧滑下来的兴奋
——
自由、快速、
激动。
A. frustrated
懊恼的，沮丧的；
B. motivated
有积极性的；
C. panicked
惊慌失措的；
D. thrilled
兴奋的，
激动的。根据前文
“I imagined the excitement of ___8___ down the side of those mountains(
我想象着从山的一侧
滑下来时的兴奋
)”
可知，
“free, fast, and ___9___”
应是在描写从山上滑雪下来时的心情，与前文
“excitement”
相呼应，由此可知此处应是
“
激动的
”
。故选
D
项。
10
．考查名词词义辨析。句意：冬去春来。
A. spring
春天；
B. summer
夏天；
C. fall
秋天；
D. winter
冬天。
根据后文
“The mountains were as I first saw them, green and leafy.(
群山和我第一次看到时一样，绿油油，枝繁
叶茂。
)”
可知，冬去春来，春天到了。故选
A
项。
11
．考查动词词义辨析。句意：山谷里的雪消失了。
A. multiplied
迅速增加；
B. disappeared
消失；
C. stayed
停留；保持；
D. thickened
（使）变厚；变浓；变稠。根据后文
“The mountains were as I first saw them, green and
leafy.(
群山和我第一次看到时一样，绿油油，枝繁叶茂。
)”
可知，春天到了，山谷里的雪融化消失了。故选
B
项。
12
．考查副词词义辨析。句意：几个星期过去了，山谷里的绿色像倒流的瀑布一样，顺着山坡稳步地往上
流。
A. steadily
稳定地，不变地；
B. immediately
立即，马上；
C. gradually
渐渐地，逐步地；
D. casually
随
便地，偶然地，临时地。根据后文
“…like a reversed waterfall. The mountains were as I first saw them, green and
leafy.”
可知，到了春天，群山和作者初见时一样，绿油油，枝繁叶茂，那绿色就像倒流的瀑布，非常稳定地
向上延伸。故选
A
项。
13
．考查名词词义辨析。句意：就像人类一样，它们只是为了适应天气而更换颜色。
A. rules
规则，习惯；
B. colors
颜色；
C. coats
外套，外层；
D. measures
措施，方法。与后文
“They didn’t allow outside influences to
___14___ what lie beneath their coats of changing colors. (
他们不允许外界的影响改变他们外衣下的颜色。
)”
中
“coats”
相呼应，句中表达
“
山的颜色
/
外层
”
含义。故选
C
项。
14
．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们不允许外界的影响改变他们外衣下的颜色。
A. uncover
发现；揭露；
B.
change
改变；
C. expose
暴露；
D. remove
移动；显露；露出；去除。根据前文
“The mountains are never changing.”
可知，在作者看来，即使山的颜色随着四季循环发生了改变，山的本质从未发生改变。故选
B
项。
15
．考查动词词义辨析。句意：山顶上已经积起了一点雪。
A. melted
融化；
B. slimmed
变苗条，减肥，缩
减；
C. gathered
聚集，集合；
D. frozen
冻结，结冰。结合文章语境可知，前文
“I’m in my third season of life.”
作者提及的
“the third season”
应是对应文中提及的
“
秋天
”
，作者将自己的人生比喻为山，山顶已积了雪，即
作者已到暮年。故选
C
项。
16
．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我的外衣随着（生命）季节的变化而变化。
A. instruct
指示，命令；
B. confirm
证明，确认；
C. fit
适合，合适于（某地）；
D. fight
斗争，竞争。与前文
“Like people, they only changed __13__
to fit the weather.”
中
“fit the weather”
相呼应，这里应是
“fit my seasons”
，表达
“
随着生命季节而改变以适应
”
含
义。故选
C
项。
17
．
A. inspiring
鼓舞人心的；
B. reliable
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：虽然我的外表变了，但我想要是可靠的。
可信赖的，可依靠的；
C. challenging
挑战性的，考验能力的；
D. brave
勇敢的；无畏的。结合语境可知，
该句应是与后文
“He was a ___20 __ mountain you could rely on.”
一致，所选词应是与
“rely on”
相呼应，
B
项
“reliable”
符合分析。故选
B
项。，
18
．考查动词词义辨析。句意：无论生活的季节如何变化，他的内心从未改变。
A. fetched
（去）拿来，（去）
请来；
B. took
拿走，取走；
C. presented
把
……
交给，呈现；
D. rewarded
奖赏，给以报酬。根据前文主语
“No
matter what the seasons of life”
为
“
生命的季节
”
并结合后文
“he never changed inside”
可知，作者应是表达
“
无论
生命的季节如何呈现，自己的本质都不会改变
”
。故选
C
项。
19
．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他从不让生命季节的压力或生活的天气变化改变他的内在。
A. requested
（正
式或礼貌地）请求，要求；
B. expected
期望，指望；
C. meant
意味着，打算；
D. allowed
允许。分析可知，
本句
“He never ___19___ the pressures of the seasons or the weathers of life to change what he was underneath.”
应
是与前文
“They didn’t allow outside influences to ___14___ what lie beneath their coats of changing colors.”
一
致，因此与前文相呼应，该空应是
“allowed”
。故选
D
项。
20
．
A. naturally
自然地，
B. consequently
考查副词词义辨析。句意：他绝对是一座你可以依靠的大山。天生地；
因此，所以；
C. definitely
肯定，确实；
D. instantly
立即，马上。分析可知，所选副词应是起到强调作用，
表述他人对于作者的评价
“
他确实是一个值得信赖的人
”
。故选
C
项。
Passage 2
（
2021·
江西景德镇市
·
高三一模）
Henry Brown was at the top of his game. The 53-year-old chairman and chief executive of AMC in the US
was working hard, supporting a happy family, 1 a busy social life and making plans for a long, well-earned
2 .
In May 2005, he went for check-up with neurologist to 3 a slight facial droop. A scan 4 he
was suffering from terminal brain cancer and had only three months to live.
As Mr. Brown explains in “Chasing, Daylight”, his 5 , published posthumously of his final weeks of
life, he 6 this news as a kind of blessing. He would have 100 days to make good 7 : to say goodbye
to colleagues, friends and family and to plan a future for his wife and children. Like the accountant he was, Mr.
Brown wanted to close the book on his life and leave his 8 in good order..
The diagnosis also 9 him thinking about his career and 10 it had truly meant. “Before my
illness, I had 11 commitment king among virtues,” he writes. “After I was 12 , I came to treat
consciousness as the most important 13 .”
Mr. Brown now believed, like Socrates, that “the unconsidered life is not worth 14 .” And he felt sorry
for colleagues and peers who had not the 15 to reflect more seriously on their lives.
“I felt sorry that they had not been 16 as I had, with this sudden change to life,” he writes. “They had
no real motivation or clear timeline, to stop what they were so busy at, to 17 ,and. so ask what 18
they were doing with their life. Many of them had money; many of them had more money than they needed.”
19 , money is not the problem. Fulfillment is. Career goals may have been met, but the excitement and
20 the job once offered are now a distant memory.
1
．
A
．
making
2
．
A
．
improvement
3
．
A
．
investigate
4
．
A
．
proved
5
．
A
．
amount
6
．
A
．
looked on
7
．
A
．
program
8
．
A
．
incidents
B
．
maintaining
B
．
involvement
B
．
find
B
．
noticed
B
．
account
B
．
depended on
B
．
life
B
．
events
C
．
adding
C
．
retirement
C
．
inspect
C
．
recovered
C
．
evidence
C
．
took on
C
．
fortune
C
．
affairs
D
．
starting4
D
．
punishment
D
．
search
D
．
revealed
D
．
excuse
D
．
held on
D
．
death
D
．
accidents
9
．
A
．
prevented
10
．
A
．
that
11
．
A
．
meant
12
．
A
．
diagnosed
13
．
A
．
value
14
．
A
．
making
15
．
A
．
chance
16
．
A
．
blessed
17
．
A
．
deal with
18
．
A
．
seriously
19
．
A
．
Besides
20
．
A
．
comfort
【答案】
1
．
B
11
．
D
2
．
C
12
．
A
B
．
caught
B
．
what
B
．
treasured
B
．
recovered
B
．
virtue
B
．
respecting
B
．
potential
B
．
punished
B
．
work out
B
．
exactly
B
．
However
B
．
depression
C
．
got
C
．
which
C
．
checked
C
．
cured
C
．
advantage
C
．
considering
C
．
power
C
．
regarded
C
．
look forward
C
．
perfectly
C
．
Therefore
C
．
pleasure
D
．
forced
D
．
how
D
．
considered
D
．
infected
D
．
reward
D
．
living
D
．
ability
D
．
deserved
D
．
step back
D
．
extremely
D
．
Additionally
D
．
puzzle
3
．
A
13
．
B
4
．
D
14
．
D
5
．
B
15
．
A
6
．
A
16
．
A
7
．
D
17
．
D
8
．
C
18
．
B
9
．
C
19
．
B
10
．
B
20
．
C
【语篇解读】
这是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章主要讲述了
53
岁的美国
AMC
董事长兼首席执行官
Henry Brown
被确认为
晚期脑癌后，开始反思自己的人生意义。他将自己生病看作一种祝福，让他开始思考自己的职业生涯以及
这一诊断的真正意义。
1
．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这位
53
岁的美国
AMC
董事长兼首席执行官工作努力，有一个幸福的家庭，
维持着繁忙的社交生活，为一个长期的、收入丰厚的退休生活做着规划。
A. making
制作；
B. maintaining
保
C. adding
增加；
D. starting
开始。持；根据后文
“a busy social life”
以及上文提到他已经
53
岁了，是美国
AMC
董事长兼首席执行官，可推测他要维持着繁忙的社交生活。故选
B
。
2
．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这位
53
岁的美国
AMC
董事长兼首席执行官工作努力，有一个幸福的家庭，
A. improvement
改善；
B. involvement
维持着繁忙的社交生活，为一个长期的、收入丰厚的退休生活做着规划。
参与；
C. retirement
退休；
D. punishment
惩罚。根据上文
“making plans for a long, well-earned”
结合他已经
53
岁了，可推测是为退休生活作规划。故选
C
。
3
．
2005
年
5
月，
A. investigate
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他去神经科医生那里做检查，检查轻微的面部下垂。
检查；
B. find
找到；
C. inspect
检查；
D. search
搜索。根据后文
“a slight facial droop”
可知是去医生那里检查
轻微的面部下垂。故选
A
。
4
．
A. proved
证明；
B. noticed
考查动词词义辨析。句意：扫描显示他患有晚期脑癌，只有三个月的生命了。
注意到；
C. recovered
恢复；
D. revealed
显示，揭示。根据后文
“he was suffering from terminal brain cancer”
可
知扫描结果显示他患有晚期脑癌，
reveal
符合语境。故选
D
。
5
．考查名词词义辨析。句意：正如
Brown
先生在他的自传《追逐日光》中解释的那样，他把这条消息视为
A. amount
数量；
B. account
解释；
C. evidence
一种祝福，这本书是他死后出版的，描述了他生命的最后几周。
证据；
D. excuse
借口。结合后文
“this news as a kind of blessing”
可知
Brown
先生在自己的书里把自己患有晚
期脑癌的消息解释为一种祝福。故选
B
。
6
．考查动词短语辨析。句意：正如
Brown
先生在他的自传《追逐日光》中解释的那样，他把这条消息视为
一种祝福，这本书是他死后出版的，描述了他生命的最后几周。
A. looked on
看作；
B. depended on
取决于；
C. took on
采取；
D. held on
坚持。根据后文
“this news as a kind of blessing”
表示
“
把
……
视为
”
短语为
look on sth.
as…
。故选
A
。
7
．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他有
100
天的时间来为自己的死亡做准备，使之不留遗憾：向同事、朋友和
家人告别，为妻儿妥善规划未来。
A. program
项目；
B. life
生活；
C. fortune
运气；
D. death
死亡。呼应上文
“had only three months to live”
可知，
Brown
先生的生命只剩下一百天，所以他要用这一百天来为自己的死亡
做准备。故选
D
。
8
．考查名词词义辨析。句意：出于会计师的本能，
Brown
先生希望将自己人生的账本结算清楚，把身后的
一切事情都安排得井井有条。
A. incidents
事件，指偶然发生的、不太重要的小事；
B. events
事件，指重大
C. affairs
事务，
D. accidents
事故。而引人注目的事情；私事；根据上文
“Like the accountant he was, Mr. Brown
wanted to close the book on his life”
可知，
Brown
先生希望将自己人生的账本结算清楚，把身后的一切事情都
安排得井井有条，
affairs
此处指
“
事务、私事
”
符合语境。故选
C
。
9
．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这一诊断还促使他思考自己的事业以及它的真正意义。
A. prevented
阻止；
B. caught
抓住；
C. got
让，
D. forced
迫使。使；结合后文
“him thinking about his career”
可知为短语
“get sb. doing
sth.”
，表示
“
让某人作某事
”
。故选
C
。
10
．考查连词词义辨析。句意：这一诊断还促使他思考自己的事业以及它的真正意义。空处为宾语从句，
从句中缺少宾语，指代事情应用
what
。故选
B
。
11
．考查动词词义辨析。句意：
“
在发现生病前，我一直认为责任是首要的美德，
”
他写道。
A. meant
意味着；
B. treasured
重视；
C. checked
检查；
D. considered
考虑，认为。根据后文
“commitment king among virtues”
指
将责任视为首要美德，应用
consider
。故选
D
。
12
．
“
在被确诊后，
”A. diagnosed
诊断；
B. recovered
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我开始认为自觉才是首要的美德。
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