2024年3月17日发(作者：)

英语语音基础表

1.音节：

(1)单音节是由一个元音（或再加上前后的辅音）构成。

如：make face my I Mike.

(2)双音节是由两个元音（或再加上前后的辅音）构成。

如：hour answer.

(3)多音节是由三个或三个以上的音节构成。

如：exercise.

(4)开音节：元音字母后面没有辅音字母时，为绝对开音节；

"元音字母+辅音字母(r除外)+不发音的e"时，为相对开音节。

如：绝对开音节 no 相对开音节 note.

(5)闭音节：元音字母后面有辅音字母。

如：not desk on.

2.音节的划分：

(1)在两个音节的相邻处有两个辅音字母时（除r和字母组合

外），一个属于前面，另一个属于后面。

如：let-ter ap-ple.

(2)两个音节的相邻处只有一个辅音字母时（除r和字母组合

外），如果前面是开音节，则该辅音字母属于后面；如果前

面是闭音节，则该辅音字母属于前面。

如：stu-dent stud-y.

(3)在两个音节相邻处有字母r时：

①相邻处是rr时，一个r属于前面，另一个r属于后面，前

边按重读闭音节规律发音。

如：mar-ry.

②相邻处是"元音字母+r+其他辅音字母"时，r属于前面，前

边按重读-r音节规律发音。

13-1

如：far-ther.

③相邻处是"元音字母+r+元音字母"时，r属于前面。

如：dur-ing.

④有字母组合的词在划分音节时，要保持字母组合的完整。

如：daugh-ter.

3.26个英文字母在单词中常发的音：

a [a] b [b] c [k] d [d] e [e]

f [f] g [g] h [h] i [i] j [dʒ]

k [k] l [l] m [m] n [n] o [ɔ]

p [p] q [k] qu[kw] r [r] s [s]

t [t] u [ʌ] v [v] w [w] x[ks]

y [j] z [z]

a_e e_e i_e o_e u_e

[ei] [i:] [ai] [əu] [ju:]

4.基本字母组合发音：

an [æn] can ran pan fan

at [æt] cat hat rat bat

en [en] hen ten pen men

13-2

et [et] net pet wet jet

ig [ig] big dig pig wig

ip [ip] sip dip rip zip

ot [ɔt] hot cot pot dot

og [ɔg] frog fog log dog

ug [ʌg] rug bug hug mug

ink [iŋk] drink pink sink wink

5.元音字母和元音字母组合在非重读音节中的读音：

a e i o u

[ə] [ə] [ə] [ə] [ə]

ar er or ur

[ə] [ə] [ə] [ə]

如：about around hello April student o'clock

collection doctor grammar answer brother

August Saturday

元音字母组合发音规则

a的字母组合：

ai [ei]

ai[ei] rain paint pain jail rail nail straight

ai[e] again said

ay [ei]

play

ay[ei] bay ray way say hay pay May lay day

aw [ɔ:]

aw[ɔ:] paw draw saw straw strawberry law awful

13-3

au [ɔ:]

au[ɔ:] August sauce sausage naughty autumn applause

because astronaut

au[a:] aunt laugh

augh [ɔ:]

augh[ɔ:] daughter

air/aer [eə]

air/aer[eə] hair aeroplane aerial

al [ɔ:]

al[ɔ:] talk call tall fall ball wall also

al[a:] half palm (al+f或m时，读[a:])

e的字母组合：

ee [i:]

ee[i:] reeds eel bee peel jeep feet see teeth street

beef week agree green need

ea [i:]/[e]

ea[i:] sea meat peanut clean peach tea leaf pea

cream eat please teacher

ea[e] head sweater sweat pear lead bear leather

feather weather heavy breakfast

ea[ei] great

ea[iə] really idea

ey [i:]/[ei]

key

ey[ei] grey

ey[i:] donkey money jockey turkey monkey hockey

13-4

ear [iə]/[eə]

ear[iə] hear near beard dear year

ear[eə] bear wear pear

ear[a:] heart

ear[ə:] learn early (ear+辅音时，ear读[ə:])

eer [iə]

eer[iə] deer beer

ei/eigh [ei]

ei/eigh[ei] veil eight

ei/eigh[ai] height neither either

ei[i:] receive (c+ei时,ei常读[i:])

eu/ew/iew [ju:]

eir [eə]

eo [i:]

i的字母组合：

eu/ew/iew[ju:] neutral deuce new view review few

nephew dew hew newspaper

eir[eə] their theirs

eo[i:] people

ie [ai]

ie[ai] tie pie lie die

ie[i:] thief belief believe

ie[e] friendly

ie[aiə] quiet science

ia/io [aiə]

ia/io[aiə] dialogue pioneer diary lion

13-5

ig/igh [ai]

ig/igh[ai] right sight night tight light sign fight high

o的字母组合：

oa [əu]

oa[əu] road toast toad coal goat boat coat soap

coach

ow [əu]/[au]

ow[əu] rainbow pillow yellow window bowl row

hollow low follow show know snow

ow[au] cow towel clown owl crown brown flower

tower how crowded down now

ou [au]

ou[au] house out mouth count fountain mountain

shout mouse found sound around

ou[ʌ] country young

ou[u:] group soup you through

ou[əu] though shoulder although

oi [ɔi]

oy [ɔi]

oi[ɔi] coin oil point noise boil soil poison coil

join voice

oy[ɔi] boy oyster toy cowboy soy enjoy

oo [u:]

oo[u:] moon zoo roof rooster boots food spoon

room cool pool noodle school soon too

oo[u] book woods cookie wool foot cook hook

13-6

look good

our [ɔ:]/[auə]

our[ɔ:]/[auə] four our your

our[uə] tour

our[ə:] journey

owe/ower [auə]

owe/ower[auə] towel flower

oor/oar [ɔ:]

oor[uə] poor

oor/oar[ɔ:] door board

ough [ɔ:]

ough[ɔ:] ought thought

oul [u]

oul[u] should would could

u的字母组合：

ui [u:]/[ju:]

ui[u:] suit juice fruit

ui[ju:] suitcase

ue [u:]/[e]

ue[u:] Sue blue glue

ue[e] guess guest

uy [ai]

uy[ai] buy guy

ture [tʃə]

ture[tʃə] future

13-7

y的字母组合：

y

y[ai] sky fly dry spy type shy cry my by

y[i] rainy sunny puppy dizzy dirty pony happy

baby physics

y[j] yes yard (词首的y用作辅音字母时，读[j])

yr [ə:]

yr[ə:] myrtle

yre [aiə]

yre[aiə] tyre byre

"元音字母+re"字母组合（a/e/i/o/u+re）

are [eə]

are[a:] are

are[eə] care dare rare hare prepare square

ere [iə]/[eə]

ere[iə] here mere severe

ere[eə] there where

ire

ire[aiə] fire wire tire entire

ore

ore[ɔ:] more fore core before store

ure [juə]/[uə]

ure[uə] sure

ure[juə] cure pure endure

"元音字母+r"字母组合（a/e/i/o/u+r）

13-8

ar [ar]

ar[ar] arm car armchair card cart farm park garden

market smart hard art star start

ar[ɔ:] warm quarter

er [ə:]

ir [ə:]

er[ə(:)] sister brother under rooster winter mermaid

marker mother person her other clever

ir[ə:] birthday circus dirty bird circle dirt girl sir

birth first

or [ɔr]

or[ɔr] porch pork horse horn fort morning corn fork

report short sport story corner

or[ə(:)] world work doctor actor word

ur [ər]

ur[ər] turtle surfing turkey fur hurt purse nurse

辅音字母组合发音规则

ch [ tʃ ]/[ k ]/[ ʃ ]

ch[tʃ] beach lunch cheese bench church chicken chair

cherry cheap

ch[k] school chemistry

ch[ʃ] machine

tch [ tʃ ]

tch[tʃ] watch catch

sh [ ʃ ]

sh[ʃ] sheep shirt ship fish dish push shoes shovel

13-9

wh [w]/[h]

wh[w] whale white wheel wheat whip whistle

wheelchair whisper

wh[h] whose who

ph [ f ]

ph[f] photo elephant telephone trophy pharmacy

alphabet geography dolphin

gu [g]/[gw]

gu[g] guess guest

gu[gw] language

gn [n]

gn[n] sign foreign

ng [ŋg]

gh [ f ]

gh[f] laugh

ng[ŋg] hungry language penguin

-ge [dʒ]

-ge[dʒ] cabbage bridge porridge

ck [k]

ck[k] back rock

nc/nk [ŋk]

th [ð]/[θ]

kn [n]

nc/nk[ŋk] uncle bank drink

th[ð] brother feather leather father mother

th[θ] thin through nothing both

kn[n] knob knee knife knock knit know

13-10

wr [r]

wr[r] wrist wrinkle wrap wreath write wrong

mb [m]

mb[m] thumb lamb bomb comb crumb numb

mn [m]

qu [kw]

ss [s]

mn[m] autumn

qu[kw] quiet question

ss[s] glasses grass discuss

tw [tw]

tw[tw] twenty

thr [θr]

tr [tr]

thr[θr] through

tr[tr] tractor truck train tray tree triangle trunk

dr [dr]

trolley trip trumpet

dr[dr] dream drum dry drop draw drink

bl[bl] blue black blocks blouse bloom bleach

blanket

fl[fl] flat flu fly flame flute floor flag flower

pl[pl] plane play plus planet platform plum plate

cl[kl] clock cloud clean clay climb close clap

gl[gl] glass glove globe glue glasses glider

cr[kr] crown crab cream crow crayon cry

gr[gr] gray green grass grapes ground grow

13-11

pr[pr] prize price prawn press prince princess pray

br[br] bright brook brim bride brown bread brick

brother

fr[fr] frog frost Friday French fries fruit front friend

frame

sm[sm] smile small smell smoke smooth

sn[sn] snowman snow snore snake snail

sneakers sneeze snack

sl[sl] slow slap sleep slide slope sled

sw[sw] switch swallow swan swim sweet swing

sweater sweat

sp[sb] spider spaceship spinach spoon spell

st[sd] stockings store star stamp storm stick student

stand

sc[sg] scarf scooter scanner scarecrow scale scorpion

scoop

sk[sg] skunk skis skirt skates

-ble[bl] terrible table able

-dle[dl] noodle needle

-(p)ple[pl] people apple

-(t)tle[tl] little turtle

-stle[sl] whistle

-cil[sl] pencil

-(s)son[sn] person lesson

-sin[sn] basin

-son[zn] reason season

-fin[fn] muffin coffin

13-12

-ften[fn] often

-ven[vn] oven seven

-(s)sion[ʃən] expression

-tion [ ʃən ]/[ tʃən ]

-tion[ʃən] nation information situation

-tion[tʃən] question suggestion

-ture[tʃə] future picture

-sion[ʒən] decision conclusion

-ing[iŋ] sitting playing standing during following

13-13