2024年3月14日发(作者：)

2019年6月

EC

Both WHO’s constitution and the Universal Declaration of Human Right assert that

health is a human right, not a privilege for those who can afford it. Over time, that right has

made its way into both national and international law. But importantly, the right to health is

not simply a noble idea on a piece of paper.

世界卫生组织《组织法》与《世界人权宣言》(Universal Declaration of Human Right)均强调健

康是一项人权，而不是那些有经济实力者享有的特权。随着时间的推移，健康权已逐渐载入各国法律和

国际法律。但重要的是，健康权绝非只是纸上空谈。

It has been a platform for major improvements in global health. Since 1948, life

expectancy has increased by 25 years. Maternal and childhood mortality have plummeted.

Smallpox has been eradicated and polio is on the brink. We have turned the tide on the

HIV/AIDS epidemic. Deaths from malaria have dropped dramatically. New vaccines have made

once-feared diseases easily preventable. And there are many other causes for celebration. But

even as we continue to struggle with old threats, new ones have arisen. Climate change will

have profound effects on health. Antimicrobial resistance has the potential to undo the gains

of modern medicine. Vaccine hesitancy is putting millions of young lives at risk.

Noncommunicable diseases, including heart disease, stroke, cancer diabetes, hypertension,

lung diseases and mental illnesses have become the major killers of our time. And of course,

we continue to face the ever-present threat of outbreaks and other health emergencies.

健康权一直是全球健康状况得以获得重大改善的平台。自1948年以来，预期寿命延长了25岁。

产妇和儿童死亡率快速下跌。天花已被消灭，脊髓灰质炎也已处在被消灭的边缘。艾滋病毒/艾滋病的

势头得到扭转。疟疾致死的现象急剧减少。得益于新疫苗的出现，曾经让人谈虎色变的疾病也变得易于

预防。还有其他进步可喜可贺。但是，就在我们继续对抗既有健康威胁之时，新的健康威胁已经出现。

气候变化会对健康产生深远影响。抗微生物药物耐药性有可能让现代医学取得的成果荡然无存。“疫苗

犹豫”正危及数百万年轻人的生命。心脏病、中风、癌症、糖尿病、高血压、肺病和精神疾病等非传染

性疾病已成为当今时代的头号杀手。当然，我们还无时不刻不在面临着疫情和其他突发卫生事件的威胁。

In the past 12 months, WHO has responded to 47 emergencies in 50 countries. We are

currently responding to an outbreak of Ebola in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, very

near the border with Uganda. As of today, there have been 373 cases and 216 deaths since the

outbreak started in August. So far, we have managed to prevent Ebola from spreading across

the border, largely because we have much better tools with which to fight Ebola than at any

time in history. More than 32,000 people have been vaccinated, which is one of the reasons

the outbreak has not spread further than it has. We also have ways to treat those infected. So

far, 150 people have been treated with one of four drugs. 14 million travelers have been

screened, there have been more than 190 safe and dignified burials, we have done

door-to-door advocacy in almost 4000 households and we have trained more than 500

community leaders. But this outbreak has been much more difficult to control, largely

because of the security situation in eastern DRC. Armed groups operating in the area conduct

regular attacks on the city of Beni, the epicentre of the outbreak. And every time there is an

attack, the virus gets an advantage. Vaccination and contact tracing are disrupted.

在过去的12个月内，世卫组织应对了50个国家47起突发事件。我们目前正在处理邻近乌干达

边境的刚果民主共和国爆发的埃博拉疫情。自8月爆发以来，迄今已有373例病例和216例死亡。到