2024年3月10日发(作者：)

摘要

摘要

对“il y a”的阐释是贯穿在布朗肖整个文学生涯中的一条重要思想线索，而这一概念

继承自好友列维纳斯。列维纳斯将“il y a”定义为“先于存在的存在”、“无世界的实存”，

以此区别于海德格尔的“存在”。布朗肖将这个哲学概念引入文学领域，并用自己所提出的

“另一种夜”的说法对其阐释，指出两者之间的贯通之处。不仅如此，由于“il y a”揭示出

了主体与存在之间的关系，这一概念还引导着布朗肖重新思考写作与主体之间的关系，对其

写作观的诞生产生了重要影响。布朗肖对作品、语言抑或是叙事的思考，都深深地扎根于“il

y a”所蕴含的对主体的否定意味之上。

布朗肖的写作观反映到创作中，就是其小说所独具的鲜明特色。布朗肖通过小说中时空

的异化、叙事声音的转换以及人物形象的弱化，进一步凸显了“récit”文本本身的“物质性”。

布朗肖的叙事性演绎，使得“il y a”概念中所蕴含的消解主体的力量得以充分展现。

对于布朗肖而言，在“il y a”影响下所形成的这种消解式写作观具有更加深远的意义。

“il y a”所造成的主体之死，使布朗肖开始挖掘主体和他者之间的关系，他认为，死亡具

有绝对不可能性，是对主体性的中断，基于此，主体与他者之间的关系必然是双重非均衡，

永不可逆转的，布朗肖将这种关系定义为“中性”。 不同于列维纳斯从“il y a”中找到了

一条通向他者的神圣超越之路，从而与“中性”彻底背离的做法，布朗肖的立足点始终是

“il y a”所具有的“中性”特性，他借助“il y a”对主体的统治地位进行罢黜，对写作中

的主体进行否定，其最终的目标在于构建一片文学空间，恢复文学的本体论地位。

关键词

：

莫里斯·布朗肖；列维纳斯；“il y a”（有）；中性；文学空间

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Abstract

Abstract

Throughout Maurice Blanchot's literary pursuits, the interpretation of "il y a" acts as an

important concept which cannot be ignored. It emerged from the idea of Emmanuel Levinas who

defined "il y a" as "existence prior to existence" or "existence without existents" as opposed to the

concept of "Being" proposed by Martin Heidegger. Blanchot introduces this philosophical concept

to the realm of literature, expounds it with his "the other night" theory, and points out the

connections between these two. Moreover, because "il y a" reveals the relationship between subject

and existence, it guides Blanchot to rethink about the relationship between writing and subject and

exerts a profound influence on his outlook of writing. Blanchot's notion on literary works,

language and narrative takes root in il y a’s negation of subject.

The distinctive features exemplified by Blanchet’s literary fictions are illustrative of his writing

outlook. Through the alienation of time and space, shift of narrative voices and erasure of images,

the materiality of the text itself are further manifested. With Blanchet’s narration techniques, the

power of destroying subject contained by "il y a" can be fully displayed.

For Blanchot, the negative writing conception under the influence of "il y a" has a further

significance. The death of subject caused by "il y a" leads Blanchot to discover the relationship

between the subject and the other. He believes that death which is an interruption of subjectivity

means an absolute impossibility. Based on this, the relationship between the subject and the other

must be double unbalanced and irreversible, which is defined by Blanchot as "neuter". Different

from Levinas's finding a sacred transcendental path going towards the other from "il y a" and

completely deviating from "neuter", what Blanchot insists instead is "neuter" of "il y a". Blanchot

relies on "il y a" to expel the subject in reality and negates the subject in writing in order to

construct the space of literature and restore the ontological status of literature.

Key Words:

Maurice Blanchot, Levinas, “il y a”, neuter, the space of literature

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