2024年2月18日发(作者：)

虹口区2018学年度第一学期期终学生学习能力诊断测试高一英语 试卷II. Grammar and VocabularySection AWhen we were kids, learning polite expressions was important. Our parents taught us to say “thank

you” (16)________ we received help, and to say “please” when we needed a favour from others.

(17)________ would you say “thank you” and “please” to a digital(数码的) assistant?Last month, Amazon announced it had added new features to its smart assistant Alexa, (18)________

will be available by updating a software on May 9. One of the developments – a politeness feature –

addresses some parents’ concerns about their children forgetting their manners because they have become

used to (19)________ (shout) orders at their Echo, a smart speaker (20)________ features the digital

assistant r, some people believe kids shouldn’t have to thank a machine, a children can tell the difference

between machines and kids ask Alexa to solve a math problem using the word “please” – as in “Alexa, please tell me

what 5 plus 7 is” – Alexa will not only give the correct answer, (21)________ ________ give the following

response: “Thank for asking so nicely.”“I ask Siri to turn on the lights or set an alarm in the same natural language that I use in day-to-day

life,” Chaim Gartenberg wrote on tech site The Verge. “It doesn’t matter that an Echo can’t hear or

understand it – it (22)________ (matter) that you say it.”With the increasing use of AI (artificial intelligence), forming the habit of being polite in everyday life

is becoming even (23)________ ________ (important), as the British research company ChildWise found.

In January, it published a report warning that people (24)________ become used to giving orders to digital

assistants without using polite expressions might become rude when dealing with , as German philosopher G.W.F. Hegel wrote in his 1807 book The Phenomenology of Spirit,

one is worse off if they treat their machines in an undignified(不体面的) way. And father of two Manu

Kumar told Quartz, “One of my criteria for determining how nice someone is (25)________ (be) by

watching how they speak to a waiter.” “In a similar way, even if the AI or tech doesn’t care about it, other

people around us are going to experience how we treat it.”Section B第 1 页 / 共 9 页

A. spread B. formal C. chance

I. need

D. found E. objective

K. consistsF. experienceG. economical H. respect J. observing

The idea of the youth hostel(旅社) started with one man: Richard Schirmann(1874-1961), a German school teacher, who felt that there was a (26)________ for overnight accommodation for his students in order that they could see new things and have new experiences outside the classroom. He felt that one learns by (27)________, and tried to make his dream come true in the year 1909, when he started providing accommodation for his students in inns, farmhouses and the like. The first youth hostel was opened in Schirrmann’s own school in Altena, after which it was replacd by a permanent hostel in Altena Castle. Schirrmann went on to (28)________ the German Youth Hostel Association in the year 1919. By this time, the idea of the youth hostel had (29)________ far and wide, all over the lands of Europe and further. And then, in the year 1932, a(n) (30)________ organization called the International Youth Hostel was founded in Amsterdam, which (31)________ of youth hostels from Switzerland, Germany, Poland, the Netherlands, Norway, Britain, Ireland, France, Czechoslovakia, Denmark and Belgium. Richard Schirrmann became its chairman in 1933. The idea of the youth hostel is for young people who are on trips to get (32)________

accommodation in exchange for some money and a helping hand with the domestic chores(家务活). These hostels were said to build character and a sense of independence, as the youth who stayed in them got the (33)________ to see how other people lived as well as to help to do work. Youth hostels are also places to meet and make new friends. They have no class divisions and everyone has to do their share. Here, wealth and position does not help you gain (34)________, but friendliness does. The friendlier you are, the more you learn from the (35)________ of staying in a youth . Reading ComprehensionSection ADid you ever have someone’s name on the tip of your tongue and yet you were unable to recall it.

When this happens again, don’t try to __36__ it. Do something else for a couple of minutes, until the name

may come into your mind. The name is there since you have met this person and you have heard his name.

It only has to be dug out. The first effort to recall __37__ the mind for operation, but it is the subconscious(潜意识的) __38__ that go to work to dig up __39__ memory. Forcing yourself to recall almost __40__ helps

because it doesn’t loosen your memory; it only tightens it.

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In an examinations, students find the preparatory method helps. They read over the questions __41__

trying to answer any of them. Then they answer first the ones of which they are most certain. __42__, deeper

mental activities in the subconscious mind are taking __43__; work is being done in the more difficult

question. By the time the easier questions are answered, __44__ to the more difficult ones will usually begin

to appear into consciousness. It is often just a question of waiting for recall to come to the __45__.36.A. recall37.A. leads38.A. deeds39.A. a light40.A. never41.A. after42.A. Meanwhile43.A. place44.A. questions45.A. worldB. rememberB. beginsB. performanceB. a freshB. directlyB. besidesB. HoweverB. shapeB. problemsB. attentionC. memorizeC. helpsC. movementsC. an unclearC. partlyC. beforeC. AnywayC. chargeC. proverbsC. ideaD. remindD. preparesD. actionsD. a darkD. clearlyD. againstD. WhateverD. actionD. answersD. memorySection B(A)On the day the tornado(龙卷风) hit, there was no sign fierce weather was on its way – the sky was blue

and the sun had been out. The first warning my husband, Jimmy, 67, and I, 65, got came around ,

from some text on the TV Jimmy was watching. He ran upstairs to find me in our third-floor bedroom, and

we changed the channel from the national television to our local Pensacola, Florida, the tornado was on top of us. It was the loudest thing I have ever heard. The bones of the house

shook, and the power went out. And the wind began to roar(咆哮) through the house, most likely through

blown-out windows and the door to our garage. Everything was moving. And the back wall of the house

came off and flew into the darkness outside. We had three flights of steps to get to the storeroom down

there, the relative safety of the first floor.I didn’t know how or if we would make it down the steps. It felt as if there were no floor underneath

me as the wind lifted me off my feet. As we finally reached the last flight of steps, our front door blew out.

Suddenly, a three-foot-long tree branch flew over our heads, missing us by inches.第 3 页 / 共 9 页

By the time I reached the storeroom, the tornado had been over us for about a minute. Jimmy pushed

me down to the storeroom floor, but he couldn’t get inside himself because of the wind. I held Jimmy’s arm

as the tornado blew the door open. My knees were full of glass, but I felt no pain. If I had let go, Jimmy

would have flown right out the back of the of a sudden, Jimmy lifted off his feet. I thought he was gone. And then everything stopped. He

landed on his feet. In those first quiet moments, I couldn’t believe it was over. Our neighbor says the storm

lasted four minutes. In that time, four of the twelve town houses in our unit were completely destroyed.

Amazingly, none of us were seriously did the couple learn about the coming fierce weather?A. From the dark sky.C. From the local newspaperB. From the national TV station.D. From the text sent by their can we infer from paragraph 2 about the couple?A. They were hit by a tree branch.C. Their garage was blown to pieces.B. They tried to get out of the house.D. Their house was badly do we know about Jimmy when the author reached the storeroom?A. He was in great danger.C. He was seriously injured.B. He flew out of the house.D. He got inside the storeroom.(B)Friends play an important part in our lives, and although we may take the fact of friendship for granted,

we often don’t clearly understand how we make friends. While we get on well with a number of people, we

are usually friends with only a very few – for example, the average among students is about six er, a great many relationships come under the term “friendship”. In all cases, two people like

one another and enjoy being together, but the degree of intimacy(亲密) and the reasons for their mutual

interest vary greatly.

At the beginning, much depends on how people meet, and on favorable first impressions. As we get to

know people, we take into consideration things like age, race, physical attractiveness, economic and social

status, and intelligence. Although these factors are not the most important, it is more difficult to relate to

people when there is a huge difference in age and the next level, actual behavior, facial expression and tone of voice really matter. Friends will stand

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closer together and will spend more time looking at each other. Smiles and soft voices also show friendliness.

Some relationships develop well on argument and discussion. It is usual for close friends to have

similar ideas and beliefs, to have common interests that they often talk about. It generally takes time to reach

this point; sometimes people “click” immediately. People like to do friends favors and hate to let them

down. Meanwhile, friends have to learn to accept different opinions and habits.

In contrast with marriage, there are no friendship ceremonies. But the support and understanding that

results from shared experiences and emotions does seem to create a powerful bond, which can overcome

differences in background, age, class or phrase “to relate to people” (para. 3) means _________.A. to meet people unexpectedlyC. to interact with people in a meaningful wayB. to show favor for peopleD. to know people with is believed that arguments between friends ________.A. should be avoidedC. will lead to misunderstandingB. may do harm to friendshipD. may bring about closer ing to the passage, what causes the close association between friends is _________.A. social statusC. shared experiences and emotionsB. backgroundD. physical attractiveness(C)In the United States alone, over 100 million cell phones are thrown away each year. Cell phones are

part of a growing mountain of electronic waste like computers and personal digital assistants. The electronic

waste stream is increasing three times faster than traditional garbage as a onic devices contain valuable metals such as gold and silver. A Swiss study reported that while

the weight of electronic goods represented by precious metals was relatively small in comparison to total

waste, the concentration(含量) of gold and other precious metals was higher in so-called e-waste than in

naturally occurring onic wastes also contain many poisonous metals. Even when the machines are recycled and the

harmful metals removed, the recycling process often is carried out in poor countries, in practically

uncontrolled ways which allow many poisonous substances to escape into the ng products out of raw materials creates much more waste material, up to 100 times more, than

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the material contained in the finished products. Consider again the cell phone, and imagine the mines that

produced those metals, the factories needed to make the box and packaging it came in. Many wastes

produced in the producing process are harmful as U.S. Environmental Protection Agency notes that most waste is dangerous in that “the production,

distribution, and use of products — as well as management of the resulting waste — all result in greenhouse

gas release.” Individuals can reduce their contribution by creating less waste at the start — for instance,

buying reusable products and many countries the concept of extended producer responsibility is being considered or has been put

in place as an incentive(动机) for reducing waste. If producers are required to take back packaging they use

to sell their products, would they reduce the packaging in the first place?Governments’ incentive to require producers to take responsibility for the packaging they produce is

usually based on money. Why, they ask, should cities or towns be responsible for paying to deal with the

bubble wrap(气泡垫) that encased your television?From the governments’ point of view, a primary goal of laws requiring extended producer

responsibility is to transfer both the costs and the physical responsibility of waste management from the

government and tax-payers back to the mentioning the Swiss study, the author intends to tell us that _________.A. the weight of e-goods is rather smallB. e-waste deserve to be made good use ofC. natural minerals contain more precious metalsD. the percentage of precious metals is heavy in e-waste53._______ are contained in the electronic devices.A. natural mineralsB. e-wastesC. precious metalsD. raw responsibility of e-waste treatment should be extended ________.A. from producers to governmentsC. from individuals to does the passage mainly talk about?A. The increase in e-waste.C. The seriousness of e-waste.B. The creation of e-waste.D. The management of e-waste.第 6 页 / 共 9 页

B. from governments to producersD. from distributors to governments

Section CA. But I can tell you that homeworking requires special skills like self-discipline and time management.B. Not everyone agrees with Sunjit, though.C. Are there jobs to which homeworking seems almost impossible?D. In Britain, there are 2.1 million people who work from home at present.E. I have been lucky enough to have sufficient social support.F. Other reasons for homeworking are the benefits to both employers and g-from-home Dream Now a RealitySunjit Patel is a graphic designer with a well-known publishing company. He has lived in England

since he was five. He lives in South London, and for the last three years he has been working from home.

Sunjit isn’t alone. __56__ In addition, about eight million people spend some time working at home rather

than in an office. This is almost twice as many as ten years rapidly-growing trend towards working from home is the same in many countries. But why? The

main reason is technological: easy access to broadband and the availability of phone and video-conferencing.

These enable people to use their home as an office in an efficient and cost-effective way.

__57__ Office space is costly, so if an organization can reduce its workstations, it may be able to move

to a smaller site. Employees often work better at home: travelling to work can be very time-consuming and

tiring. Many homeworkers save a lot of time if they don’t travel to work and they can start the day fresher

and therefore work more Patel says, “I have been working from home since my son was born and have been really

enjoying it. __58__ I’ve known my boss and colleagues for a long time now, which really helps because

you’ve got to trust each other. You also need to have regular contact, by phone, email or video conference,

and you need to make regular trips to your offices. Otherwise you really miss out on the gossip and on the

social side of work.”__59__ This response to a query(询问) about homeworking was recently posted on the Internet: “The

only people who can work from home are those who do an unnecessary job. Can surgeons work from home?

Ambulance drivers? Firefighters? If you can work from home full-time, you have a pointless job.”

Fortunately for Sunjit and the 2.1 million like him, not many people think that way!第II卷第 7 页 / 共 9 页

I. Translation.1.2.3.4.学生应当积极参与社会实践活动。(sure)这个专家所推荐的方法被证明在实践中行之有效。 (prove)不要让孩子接触过多的网络游戏，这会让他们无法全神贯注于学习。 (concentrate)任何人都难以想象这些士兵在艰苦和枯燥的训练中所经历的煎熬。(it)II. Guided Writing假如你叫李华，作为交换生(exchange student)在美国学习期间，得到了朋友Jane许多方面的帮助，给她写封信，表达感激之情，并邀请她来上海做客，信的内容必须包括：1.2.3.你所获得的具体帮助；你对她的感激；你对她的邀请。KEYSII. Grammar and VocabularySection A16. when 17. But 18. who 19. shouting 20. which 21. but also 22. matters

23. more important 24. who 25. is

Section B26. I 27. J 28. D 29. A 30. B 31. K 32. G 33. C 34. H 35. FIII. Reading ComprehensionSection A36-40 ADCCA 41-45CAADDSection B(A) 46. C 47. D 48. A

(B) 49. D 50. D 51. C第 8 页 / 共 9 页

(C) 52. B 53. C 54. B 55. D

Section C56. D 57. F 58. A 59. B

第II卷I. Translation.1. The students are sure to take active part in the social practical ativities.2. The way that the expert remmemded proved effective in practice.3. Don't expose the children to too much online games, and it makes them not concentrate on the study.4. It is hard for everyone imagine the suffering that those soliders experienced in the tough and dull training.第 9 页 / 共 9 页