2024年1月24日发(作者：)

PartIDirections:optionsonself-guidedYoushouldWriting30minutesForthispart,eyouhavetwohowtogoonyourtour:SectionAListeningComprehension25minutesDirections:Inthissection,ndofeachnewsreport,ouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).Thenmarkthecons1and2willbebasedonthefollowingnewsitem.1.A)Newmeasurestocurbairpollution.B)Newdiscountsonpublictransport.C)Restrictionsontrafficandspeed.D)Replacingpollutingvehicles.2.A)Theycouldn'tgetgovernmentsupport.B)Theycouldn'tlastlong.C)Theycouldn'tcontrolthepollutionlevel.D)ons3and4willbebasedonthefollowingnewsitem.3.A)About5million.B)About20million.C)About108million.D)About150million.4.A)Latinoimmigrants.B)Elderpeople.C)Asianimmigrants.D)ons5to7willbebasedonthefollowingnewsitem.5.A)Onlinesalesdaysworldwidelastyear.B)Thebiggestonlineshoppingeventintheworld.C)Majoronlineretailersaroundtheworld.D)Themostprofitableonlinegiftintheworld.6.A)About$2billion.B)Lessthan$10billion.C)Nearly$11billion.D)Morethan$14billion.7.A)BlackFriday.B)Valentine'sDay.C)CyberMonday.D)Singles’Day.1

SectionBDirections:Inthissection,ndofeachconversation,ouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).Thenmarkthecons8to11arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.8.A)Colleagues.B)Instructorandstudent.D)Anchorandguest.C)Neighbors.B)Documentingthechildren.9.A)Baby-sittingthechildren.D)Teachingteenagers.C)Complainingaboutthedifficultyofliving.10.A)Sensitivegroups.B)Disadvantagedgroups.C)Richgroups.D)Complicatedgroups.11.A)Kidsarefacingbigissuesinlife.B)Lifeismovingfastrecently.C)Kidscannotearntheliving.D)ons12to15arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.12.A)Employerandemployee.B)Professorandstudent.C)Classmates.D)Colleagues.13.A)Sheappreciatesthem.B)Shethinkstheyareveryinteresting.C)Sheexpectstobuysome.D)Shefindstheyarehigh-priced.14.A)Shewaslatefortheinterview.B)Shemissedyesterday'sclass.C)Shelostherpart-timejobinIKEA.D)ShegaveupthechancetoworkinIKEA.15.A)Thosewhopursuefameandmoneyonly.B)Thosewhodreamofowningaflashcar.C)Thosewhoarehighly-skilledandfocusonhigh-endmarkets.D)Thosewhovalueandabidebythecompany'nCDirections:Inthissection,ndofeachpassage,ouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).Thenmarkthecons16to18arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.16.A)Theproblemsoftheelderly.C)Theclassesforretiredpeople.17.A)Spendingmoretimewiththeirpeers.B)Makingasmanyfriendsaspossible.C)Learningsomethingnew.D)Killingtime.18.A)Thefiercecompetitioninthemarket.B)Thebignumbersofretiredpeople.C)Thereformofeducationsystem.2B)Theemploymentofgraduates.D)Educationprogramsforadults.

D)ons19to21arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.19.A)Plantsandanimals.B)Plantsandfungi.C)Plantsandhumanbeings.D)Plantsandearth.20.A)Plantscannotsee.B)Plantsareinvisible.C)Humanbeingscannotrecognizecertainspeciesofplants.D)Plantsaredamagedratherthanprotectedbyhumanbeings.21.A)Plantmorecropsinthecountryside.B)Buildmorehabitatregionsforhumanbeings.C)Workoutmoreplantprotectionandregenerationmethods.D)ons22to25arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.22.A)Unconsciousbiases.B)Mentaldifference.C)Intelligentdifference.D)Physicaldifference.23.A)26.B)116.C)126.D)162.24.A)Femalestudentslikemalelecturersbetterthanfemaleones.B)Femalestudentsandmalestudentspreferlecturersoftheirowngender.C)Malestudentsthinkfemalelecturersaremuchbetterthanmaleones.D)Malestudentsseenodifferencebetweenmalelecturersandfemaleones.25.A)Legalaspect.B)Economicaspect.C)Education.D)ISectionAReadingComprehension(40minutes)Directions:Inthissection,requiredtoselectonewordfomarkthecorrespondinoftheplanet’slandisseverelydegradedandfertilesoilisbeinglostattherateof24bntonnesayear,accordingtoanewUnitedNations-backedsrming26,whichisforecasttocontinueasdemandforfoodandproductivelandincreases,willaddtotherisksofconflictsunless27actionsareimplemented,warnstheinstitutionbehindthereport.“Asthereadysupplyofhealthyandproductivelanddriesupandthepopulationgrows,competitionis28forlandwithincountriesandglobally,”saidexecutivesecretaryoftheUNConventiontoCombatDesertification(UNCCD)atthelaunchoftheGlobalLandOutlook.“To29thelosses,theoutlooksuggestsitisinallourintereststostepbackandrethinkhowwearemanagingthepressuresandthecompetition.”TheGlobalLandOutlookis30asthemostcomprehensivestudyofitstype,mapping3

theinterlinkedimpactsofurbanization,climatechange,illing,multipleharvestsand32useofaast20years,agriculturalproductionhasincreasedthreefoldandtheamountofirrigatedlandhasdoubled,notesapaperintheoutlookbytheJointResearchCentre(JRC)me,however,ttelySectionBDirections:Inthissection,ateAmbitions:Amazon,theWorld’sMostRemarkableFirm,IsJustGettingStartedA)merbookseeworld’arAmazonwillprobablyspendtwiceasmuchontelevisionasHBO,-brandphysicalproductsincludebatteries,almonds,suitsandspeakerslinkedtoavirtualvoice-activatedassistantthatcancontrol,amongotherthings,yourlampsandsprinkler.B)YetAmazon’hebeginningof2015itssharepricehasjumpedby173%,seventimesquickerthaninthetwopreviousyears(and12timesfasterthantheS&P500index).Withamarketcapitalization(市值)ofsome$400bn,eforehasacompanybeenworthsomuchforsolongwhilemakingsolittlemoney:92%ofitsvalueisduetoprofitsexpectedafter2020.C)Thatisbecauseinvestorsanticipatebothanextraordinaryriseinrevenue,fromsalesof$136bnlastyeartohalfatrillionoverthenextdecade,esinvestedinitimplyforskepticismdoesnotcomemuchmorefertilethanthis:Amazonwillhavetogrowfaossiblydoso?D)Itiseasytotickoffsomeofthepitfalls(隐患).ofthascloud-computingambitions;Walmartalreadyhasrevenuesnudging$hinghappenedtoJeffBezos,Amazon’sfounderandboss,strikingthingaboutthecompanyishowmuchoachanceithasofachievingsuchunprecedentedgoals.E)Thisislargelyduetothefirm’4

awhenexecutivesroutinelywhingeabout(发牢骚)pressuretoproduceshort-termresults,mphasisescontinualinvestmenttopropel(推动)itstwoprincipalbusinesses,e-commerceandAmazonWebServices(AWS),itscloud-computingarm.F)Ine-commerce,themoreshoppersAmazonlures,vesAmazonmorecashfornewservices—suchastwo-hourshippingandmusic—rly,themorecustomersuseAWS,themoreAmazoncaninvestinnewservices,virtuouscircleisstartingtowhirl(迅速旋转)aroundAlexa,thefirm’svoice-activatedassistant:asdevelopersbuildservicesforAlexa,itbecomesmoreusefultoconsumers,givingdevelopersreasontocreateyetmoreservices.G)Solongasshareholdersretaintheirfaithinthismodel,Amazon’panywillbeabletokeepspending,aithissustainedbyAmazon’aditsfailures—businessisstartingtocrankout(快速大量地制造)arcashflow(beforeinvestment)was$16bn,morethanquadruplethelevelfiveyearsago.H)IfAmazon’sapproachtotime-framesiscompetitors,pany’slistofcurrentandpossiblecompetitors,asdescribedinitsannualfilings,includeslogisticsfirms,searchengines,socialnetworks,foodmanufacturersandproducersof“physical,digitalandinteractivemediaofalltypes”.Awingspanthislargeismorereminiscentofaconglomerate(大型联合企业)thanaretailer,whichmakesAmazon’ssharepriceseemevenmorebloated:stockmarketstypicallyapplya“conglomeratediscount”toreflecttheirinefficencies.I)ManyoftheseservicessupportAmazon’iousexampleisAWS,whichpowersAmazon’ildinga$1.5bnair-freighthub(中心)stingtechnologyinstorestoletconsumersskipthecashregisteraltogether,olscouldpresumablyserveothercustomers,inkthatAmazoncouldbecomeanewkindofutility:onethatprovidestheinfrastructureofcommerce,fromcomputingpowertopaymentstologistics.J)tsanywhereclosetofulfillingthem,,Amazonisunlikelytotriggerantitrust(反垄断的)tyetthebiggestretailerinAmerica,a’santitrustenforcerslookmainlyatafirm’roughthislens,antitrustenforcerslookmainlyatafirm’roughthislens,Amazonappearspristine(处于原始状态的).Consumersapplaudit;itisthemostwell-regardedcompanyinAmerica,accordingtoaHarrispoll.(AWSisaboontostartups,too.)K)Butasitgrows,standardantitrustgrounds,thatmayposeaproblem:ifitmakesasmuchmoneyasinvestorshope,aroughcalculationsuggestsitsearningscouldbeworththeequivalentof25%pe,Googlestandsaccusedofuparativeimmunityfromlegalliabilityofdigitalplatforms—forthepostingofinflammatorycontentonFacebook,say,orthevettingofdriversonUber—isbeingchippedaway.L)Amazon’ors5

valueAmazon’sgrowthoverprofits;re,ondoesbecomeautilityforcommerce,oldersarerighttobelieveinAmazon’cesswillbringitintoconflictwithanevenstrongerbeast:hasformedsoundcirclesthatpushitse-commerce,slesschanceofAmericangovernmentfilinganantitrustlawsuitagainstAmazonbecauseofitsscaleasaretailerandcustomers’potentialperilsfacedusedtosellbooksonline,butnowthecompanyhasexpandeditsbusinessscopein’sbelievedthatAmazonwillofferinfrastructureofcommercewithitsAWS,rentalwarehousespace,logisticscenterinKentucky,elopmentofAmazonandthechangingattitudeofregulatorstowa’sexecutiveshaven’texperiencedthesamepressureastheircounterpartsinothercompaniesduetoAmazon’sforemainssohighinmarketvalueforsoeAmazon’ssetbackinmakingsmartphones,estors’doubleexpectationsforAmazonCDirections:hofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).Youshoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarktherburnoutandstudentstressmaybelinked,dyisthefirstofitskindtoexaminetheconnectionbetweenteacherburnoutandstudents’cortisol(皮质醇)levels,cherscollectedsaliva(唾液)samplesundthatinclassroomsinwhichteachersexperiencedmoreburnout,orfeelingsofemotionalexhaustion,students’cortisollevelsinelementaryschoolchildrenhavebeenlinkedtolearningdifficultiesaswellasmentalhealthproblems.“Thissuggeststhatstresscontagion(传染)mightbetakingplaceintheclassroomamongstudentsandtheirteachers,”saidEvaOberle,thestudy’sleadauthorandnewlyappointedassistantprofessorwiththeHumanEarlyLearningPartnership(HELP)atUBC’sschoolofpopulationand6PassageOne

publichealth.“Itisunknownwhatcamefirst—idertheconnectionbetweenstudentandteacherstressacyclicalproblemintheclassroom.”Oberlesaidastressfulclassroomclimatecouldbearesultofinadequatesupportforteachers,whichmayimpactteachers’ymanagedclassroomcancontributetostudents’atively,stresscouldoriginatefromstudents,whomaybemorechallengingtoteachbecauseofincreasesinanxiety,behavioralproblems,scenario,teacherscouldfeeloverwhelmedandreporthigherlevelsofburnout.“Ourstudyisareminderofthesystemicissuesfacingteachersandeducatorsasclassroomsizesincreaseandsupportsforteachersarecut,”saidOberle.“Itisclearfromanumberofrecentresearchstudiesthatteachingisoneofthemoststressfulprofessions,andthatteachersneedadequateresourcesandsupportintheirjobsinordertobattleburnoutandalleviatestressintheclassroom,”saidUBCeducationprofessorKimberlySchonert-Reichl,thestudy’sco-authoranddirectorofHELP.“Ifwedonotsupportteachers,weriskthecollateraldamageofstudents.”econcludedfromtheresearchmadebyUniversityofBritishColumbiathat_____A)cortisollevelswereverifiedtobeareliableindicatorofpressure.B)children’cortisollevelsweremeasuredbytheirsaliva.C)students’cortisollevelswereinfluencedbyteachers’burnout.D)fthefollowingidentitiesbelongstoEvaOberle?-educationspecialist.B)Thesoleauthorofthestudy.C)UBSassistantprofessor.D)ingtoEvaOberle,increasedcortisolandteachertirednessoccurred______.A)bychanceB)atthesametimeC)inaknownsequenceD)dKimberlySchonert-Reichlsuggestprovidingforteacherswhowanttostrugglewithoccupationalburnout?A)Theincreaseofclasssizes.B)Sufficientresourcesforthework.C)Alongbreakfromteaching.D)k“collateral”(Line5,Pare.8)mostprobablymeans______.A)indirectB)immediateC)permanentD)romanticadage(谚语)isacuteone,butaccordingtorecentstudies,oppositesdon’chshowsthatpeopletendtoseekoutrelationshipswith-andeventuallymarry-partnerswhohavesimilardefiningcharacteristics,suchasage,politicalorientation,religion,education,andincome.7

“Generallyspeaking,whenwethinkaboutoppositesattractingornot,we’rethinkingintermsofpersonalityratherthanthesebigkeydemographicfactors.”saysVinitaMehta,aclinicalpsychologistandwriterbasedinWashington,factorastowhythismaybeissimplyyourstageoflife;whereyoulive,whatlifestyleyouhave,andwhatkindofpeopleyou’reexposedto.“Ifyou’reonacollegecampus,byandlarge,you’regoingtofindpeoplewhoareinyouragegroup,”Mehtasays.“You’regoingtofindpeoplewhoatleasteventuallybecomepartofthesamegeneralincomestrata(阶层).”releasedearlierthisyearanalyzedreal-worldrelationshipsandaskedcouples(romanticpartners,friends,andacquaintances)aboutattitudes,behavior,values,prejudices,rsthathadcloserandmoreintimaterelationshipswerenotnecessarilymoresimilarthannewlyformedpairs,andpedpsychologistsonthisstudybelievethisdoesn’thappenbychance;it’ssocommonandwidespreadthatseekingoutlike-mindedpeoplemaykeusmorecomfortableandtrustingoftheotherperson,ersonalitiesgo,connectingonmajortraits,likelevelsofneuroticism(情绪不稳定性)andconscientiousness,tdoesn’differentquirks(怪癖)—lessdefiningpartsofyourpersonality,likeyourfavoritesportorfoods—canintroduceyoutonewactivitiesandwaysofthinking,es“thesebigkeydemographicfactors”(Line2,Para.3)referto?A)Thesesimilardefiningcharacteristics.B)Thesesimilarpsychologicalcharacteristics.C)Thedifferentculturalfactors.D)ingtoVinitaMehta,collegestudentstendtomakefriendswithpeopleofsimilar______.A)religionB)characterC)ageD)fthefollowingstatementscanbeinferredfromtheresearchconductedbytheUniversityofKansas?A)TheparticipantswereaskedquestionsabouttheirpartnersB)Thesimilaritybetweenpartnersmaynotchangewithintimacy.C)Thesubjectshavealmosteverythingincommon.D)thepurposeofcitingthestudiesinthepassage?A)Toshowwhatkindofpeopleweshouldgetacquaintedwith.B)Tofindoutwhatstageoflifewearein.C)Toprovewearedrawntowhatisfamiliar.D)’stheauthor’sattitudetowardsthesimilaritiesbetweencouples?A)PositiveB)NegativeC)UninterestedD)Objective8

PartIVTranslation30minutesDirections:Forthispart,uldwriteyouransweronAnswerSheet2.中国的传统节庆膳食在数量和质量上都与平时有所不同。一些历史悠久、具有象征意义的食物也是节日必不可缺的。例如，端午节(DragonBoatFestival)那一天，人们通常要吃粽子。中秋节是赏月的日子。中秋节的特制食品是月饼。春节是中国的农历(lunar)新年。除了常见的海鲜、家禽(poultry)和肉类之外，人们还要按各自的地方习俗烹制传统菜肴，如饺子和年糕。9