2024年1月12日发(作者：)

2013年考研英语（一）真题

Section I Use of English

Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each

numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)

People are, on the whole, poor at considering background information when

making individual decisions. At first glance this might seem like a strength that

___1___ the ability to make judgments which are unbiased by ___2___ factors. But

Dr Simonton speculated that an inability to consider the big ___3___ was leading

decision-makers to be biased by the daily samples of information they were

working with. ___4___, he theorized that a judge ___5___ of appearing too soft

___6___crime might be more likely to send someone to prison ___7___he had

already sentenced five or six other defendants only to forced community service

on that day.

To ___8___this idea, they turned their attention to the university-admissions

process. In theory, the ___9___ of an applicant should not depend on the few

others___10___ randomly for interview during the same day, but Dr Simonton

suspected the truth was___11___.

He studied the results of 9,323 MBA interviews ___12___ by 31 admissions

officers. The interviewers had ___13___ applicants on a scale of one to five. This

scale ___14___ numerous factors into consideration. The scores were ___15___ used

大学英语

in conjunction with an applicant’s score on the GMAT, a standardized exam

which is ___16___out of 800 points, to make a decision on whether to accept him or

her.

Dr Simonton found if the score of the previous candidate in a daily series of

interviewees was 0.75 points or more higher than that of the one ___17___ that,

then the score for the next applicant would___18___ by an average of 0.075 points.

This might sound small, but to___19___the effects of such a decrease a candidate

would need 30 more GMAT points than would otherwise have been ___20___.

1. A grants B submits C transmits D delivers

2. A minor B external C crucial D objective

3. A issue B vision C picture D moment

4. A Above all B On average C In principle D For example

5. A fond B fearful C capable D thoughtless

6. A in B for C to D on

7. A if B until C though D unless

8. A. test B. emphasize C. share D. promote

9. A. decision B. quality C. status D. success

10. A. found B. studied C. chosen D. identified

11. A. otherwise B. defensible C. replaceable D. exceptional

12. A. inspired B. expressed C. conducted D. secured

13. A. assigned B. rated C. matched D. arranged

14. A. put B. got C. took D. gave

大学英语

15. A. instead B. then C. ever D. rather

16. A. selected B. passed C. marked D. introduced

17. A below B after C above D before

18. A jump B float C fluctuate D drop

19. A achieve B undo C maintain D disregard

20. A necessary B possible C promising D helpful

大学英语

2013考研英语（一）答案

Section I Use of English

1．【答案】A grants

【解析】第一句提到“总体而言，当人们自己做决定时，并不擅长考虑背景信息。”第二句顺接上文，“乍一看这是一种优势”，that引起定语从句，这种优势使人们具有一种能力，即能够做出不受外界因素影响的不带偏见的决定。B选项submit “服从，提交”，不能与ability连用，C选项transmit “传输，发射”，也不能与ability 搭配，D选项deliver “传递”，同样不能与ability搭配。A, C, D无论从搭配上还是意思上都不合适。A选项grant本身具有赋予，授予的意思。故答案选A。

2．【答案】D external

【解析】external外部因素和上文的background information同义复现，不考虑背景信息，不受外界因素影响。A选项minor 次要的，B选项objective 客观的，C选项crucial

残酷的，D选项external 外部的，故答案选D。

3．【答案】C picture

【解析】第三题本句but引起句意转折。“但是XX推测不考虑大局会导致决策者被日常接触的信息影响而带有偏见。”首先注意到空前面有定冠词the，指代上文信息，即不考虑背景信息、不考虑大环境。而大局，大环境的表达，此处选择picture是最贴切的。A选项 issue 问题，B选项vision 想象力，美景都不合适，故答案选C。

4．【答案】A For example

【解析】通读后面的句子，提到了法官与被告，这明显是生活当中的一个具体的实例，故答案选A。而B选项 on average “平均，通常”，出现的话，周围往往应该要出现数字。C选项in principle“大体上，原则上”，后面需要出现的是总结性的话语，D选项above

大学英语

all“首先”是用来列举条目，将BCD排除。

5．【答案】B fearful

【解析】从句意上来看“例如，他们提出理论，认为法官不敢在罪行面前表现得太软弱，如果当天已经宣判五六名被告执行缓刑，那么他很有可能将下一个人送入监狱。A选项fond of 喜欢，B选项 fear of 惧怕，C选项capable of 有能力，D选项thoughtless of

考虑不周，故答案选B。

6．【答案】B on

【解析】根据句内的逻辑关系，在对待犯罪行为方面害怕表现出太软弱，在。。。方面，关于。。。的表达应该用介词on，故答案为B。

7．【答案】A if

【解析】A if 表条件。B选项 until 表时间，往往跟not连用，直接排除。C选项though表让步，D选项unless 相当于 if...not 。通读空格所在的前后句子，得出这两句之间的逻辑关系是表示条件的。

8．【答案】D test

【解析】首先注意到idea前面有定冠词this，很明显指代上文提出的观点。而且跟上文以法官为例一样，下文“他们把注意力转向大学录取过程”也是上文观点的例证，目的是对上文的观点进行检验，而不是A选项“促进”，B选项“强调”或C选项“分享”，故答案选D。

9．【答案】D success

【解析】A选项decision“决定”，B 选项quality“质量，品质”，C选项status“地位”，D选项success“成功”。申请者的____不应该取决于同一天随机选到的其他几名申请者。接着下文讲到面试官面试MBA申请者的结果results，因此第9题应该也有结果大学英语

的意思，与下文结合是达到正面的结果，因此答案是即“申请者的成功”。其它选项带入原文重叠答案，与原义不符合

10．【答案】A chosen

【解析】空格后面有一个副词为randomly，随机地，既然是随机，那么选项B选项studied“研究过的”，C选项found “找到的” D选项identified“经鉴定的”就与randomly是相矛盾的，全部排除。

11．【答案】D otherwise

【解析】本题解题关键在于but，通过suspect可以看出Dr. Simonton与前文意思相反，因此otherwise正好符合题意。

12．【答案】C conducted

【解析】此外明显缺一个过去分词作interviews的定语，再看by后面的officers，只有conducted（执行），符合语境，故为正确答案。

13．【答案】B rated

【解析】本题末尾one to five（从一到五），前面又有一个on a scale（…的范围）, A分配，D排列语义上说不通，再综合后面的factor（因素），对比一下，只有B（划分等级），整合起来，即划分成一到五个等级，合情合理C match看似与to搭配，但也不符合文意，故正确答案为B.

14．【答案】D took

【解析】本题需联系整句话，take…into consideration（考虑，涉及），从形式上来说没有问题，再从意义上来看，说“这个等级考虑了几种因素…”，是对上文评级的进一步解释，也没有问题。

15．【答案】B then

大学英语

【解析】还是承接上文讲到的评级得分，后半句讲到的是（平时学校等级）考试得分，再结合中间conjunction一词（联接），可以推断为then（具有承接之意），因此为正确答案，而A和D为同一意义和用法（代替），与conjunction相冲突，C说不通，故也为错误选项。

16．【答案】C marked

【解析】本题出在一个非限定性定语从句上，先行词为a standardized exam, 后半句是800分，考试和分数之间首选marked，选项B通过具有一定的干扰性，但注意主语是考试，所以正确选项为C。A为无关选项。

17．【答案】A before

【解析】本句属于比较级，对比的是几个面试者的分数，C、D是空间上的上下，而这里缺的时间上的先后，故排除C和D，B是“之后”，不符合语言先后逻辑，故正确答案为A.

18．【答案】C drop

【解析】解本题需往下看，to…the effects of such a decrease, 由此可以判断接下来那个应聘者的分数是出现了下降，故正确选项C.

19．【答案】B undo

【解析】该句为不定式作主语，“（面试考官可能给）更低的分数”所带来的影响，可以推断，是消除或是抵消这种不利结果，应聘者需要在GMAT中多拿30分，A “达到”，C “保持”D“漠视”明显不符，故B为正确答案。

20．【答案】C necessary

【解析】该题难度较大，需把句意弄懂，也就是“这30分是比…所多的”建议把四个选项分别代入空格处，A有前途的，B可能的，C必须的，D有帮助的，对比之后，只有C最大学英语

合逻辑

大学英语

2012年考研英语（一）试题

Section I Use of English

Directions:

Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank

and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)

The ethical judgments of the Supreme Court justices have become an

important issue recently. The court cannot ___1___ its legitimacy as guardian of the

rule of law ___2___ justices behave like politicians. Yet, in several instances, justices

acted in ways that ___3___ the court’s reputation for being independent and

impartial.

Justice Antonin Scalia, for example, appeared at political events. That kind of

activity makes it less likely that the court’s decisions will be ___4___ as impartial

judgments. Part of the problem is that the justices are not ___5___by an ethics code.

At the very least, the court should make itself ___6___to the code of conduct that

___7___to the rest of the federal judiciary.

This and other similar cases ___8___the question of whether there is still a

___9___between the court and politics.

The framers of the Constitution envisioned law ___10___having authority apart

from politics. They gave justices permanent positions ___11___they would be free to

___12___ those in power and have no need to ___13___ political support. Our legal

system was designed to set law apart from politics precisely because they are so

closely ___14___.

Constitutional law is political because it results from choices rooted in

fundamental social ___15___ like liberty and property. When the court deals with

social policy decisions, the law it ___16___ is inescapably political-which is why

decisions split along ideological lines are so easily ___17___ as unjust.

The justices must ___18___ doubts about the court’s legitimacy by making

themselves ___19___ to the code of conduct. That would make rulings more likely to

be seen as separate from politics and, ___20___, convincing as law.

大学英语

1. [A]emphasize [B]maintain [C]modify [D] recognize

2. [A]when [B]lest [C]before [D] unless

3. [A]restored [B]weakened [C]established [D] eliminated

4. [A]challenged [B]compromised [C]suspected [D] accepted

5. [A]advanced [B]caught [C]bound [D]founded

6. [A]resistant [B]subject [C]immune [D]prone

7. [A]resorts [B]sticks [C]loads [D]applies

8. [A]evade [B]raise [C]deny [D]settle

9. [A]line [B]barrier [C]similarity [D]conflict

10. [A]by [B]as [C]though [D]towards

11. [A]so [B]since [C]provided [D]though

12. [A]serve [B]satisfy [C]upset [D]replace

13. [A]confirm [B]express [C]cultivate [D]offer

14. [A]guarded [B]followed [C]studied [D]tied

15. [A]concepts [B]theories [C]divisions [D]conceptions

16. [A]excludes [B]questions [C]shapes [D]controls

17. [A]dismissed [B]released [C]ranked [D]distorted

18. [A]suppress [B]exploit [C]address [D]ignore

19. [A]accessible [B]amiable [C]agreeable [D]accountable

20. [A]by all means [B]at all costs [C]in a word [D]as a result

大学英语

2012考研英语（一）答案

Section I

1.【答案】B

【解析】从空后信息可以看出，这句表达的是“___ ___法官表现得像政治家”的情况下，法庭就不能保持其作为法律法规的合法卫士的形象，所以应该选C, maintain“维持，保持”，其他显然语义不通。

2.【答案】A

【解析】从第三段可以看出，文章认为法院和政治之间应该是有界限的。所以这里应该是当法官像政治家一样行事，模糊了二者之间的区别时，就失去了其作为法律卫士的合法性。只有B，when表示这个意思。

3.【答案】B

【解析】第二段给的具体事例说明，法官出现在政治活动中会使法官形象受损，影响他们独立、公正的名声。只有B，weaken能表示这个意思。

4.【答案】D

【解析】空前信息显示，法官出席政治活动会让法院的审判收到影响，人们就会认为其审判不公正，所以选D，be “被认为是”。

5.【答案】C

大学英语

【解析】空所在的语境为：产生这样的问题，部分原因在于“法官没有___ ___道德规范”。后一句话说，至少法院应该遵守行为规范，这显然是进一步说明上一句话。所以上一句是说法官没有受到道德规范的约束，选C，bound。

6.【答案】B

【解析】根据解析5可以看出，这里应该是说遵守行为规范，subject与to连用，表示“服从某物，受…支配”。故本题选B。

7.【答案】D

【解析】分析句子结构可知，这里是由that引导的定语从句修饰说明前面的行为规范，是说法院也应当遵守适用于其他联邦司法部的行为规范。apply to “适用于”符合题意。resort to “求助于”;stick to “坚持(原则等)”语意不通。

8.【答案】B

【解析】空所在的语境为，类似这样的案例提出了这样一个问题：法院和政治之间是否还存在着界限。提出问题，产生问题用只能选raise。

9.【答案】A

【解析】根据第8题可知，空内应填line，“界限”。 barrier “障碍”，similarity“相似性”，conflict“冲突”都不合题意。

10.【答案】B

大学英语

【解析】根据句意，宪法的起草者们预想的是将司法从政治中分出来，让其享有独立的权力。envision as “将…想象成…”。所以选B。

11.【答案】A

【解析】本题考察逻辑搭配。本选项答案的确定需结合前句意思，制宪者旨在使法律不受政治的任何影响，这样一来，法官就可以免受掌权者的影响了。此空就是考察由此所带来的结果，故选[A]。

12.【答案】C

【解析】此题承接上题，可知法律不受政治的影响，从而法官也不用担心掌权者(those

in power)。

13.【答案】C

【解析】此题承接上题, 结合句意, 可知该半句主要表达“法官也无需政治支持了。”选项C最符题意。

14.【答案】D

【解析】此题考察词意辨析。原句表达“我们的法律体系是法律完全不受政治的影响，是因为这两者是紧密。。。”。结合句意思，[D]最合题意.

15.【答案】A

大学英语

【解析】此题考察词意辨析。文中说“宪法具有政治性，是因其的选择都是植根于诸如自由，财产之类的基本社会。。。中。”自由，财产是西方社会的一些基本社会理念或概念，故选[A]。

16.【答案】C

【解析】此题考察词意辨析。首先分析该句，可知空白处添加上一动词可构成一定语从句，限定“the law”。其次，文中语境表达“当法律处理社会政策决策问题时，。。。的法律不可避免的具有政治性。四个选项中，[C]为最佳答案。

17.【答案】A

【解析】此题考察词意辨析。可由文中语境得知，该半句主要表达“这也就解释了为何背离思想路线的决策被看作是不公正的，从而被轻易的….”。结合语境，以及四个选项的意思，可知[A]最佳。

18.【答案】C

【解析】此题考察词意辨析。由文中语境可知该句主要表达“法官必须。。。有关法庭(裁决的)公正合理的质疑。”四个选项中，仅[C]符合题意。

19.【答案】D

【解析】本题考察短语搭配及相似短语辨析。四个选项均可与连用，其中

accessible to 易接近的;可归属的;可得到的可归因的

大学英语

amiable to可亲，多指人和蔼可亲，易于接近

agreeable to欣然同意的;适合的，适宜的

accountable to对…负责

此题的理解需承接整个句, 首先此空所在后半句乃一方式状语，承接前半句说明法官怎样来解决有关法庭(裁决的)公正合理的质疑。将此四个选项分别代入，可得出正确答案[D]，法官只有对对行为准则负责，也即是遵循一定的行为准则才可确保其裁决的公正与合理。

20.【答案】D

【解析】此题考察逻辑搭配。此句承接上句，旨在说明由此带来的结果，也即是文中所说的“。。。使得裁决看起来完全不受政治的影响，如法律一般令人信服。” 结合四个选项意思，可知选[D]。

大学英语

2011考研英语(一)试题

Section I Use of English

Directions:

Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and

mark [A], [B], [C] or [D] on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)

Ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle viewed laughter as “a bodily exercise precious

to health.” But ___1____some claims to the contrary, laughing probably has little

influence on physical fitness Laughter does ___2___short-term changes in the

function of the heart and its blood vessels, ____3___ heart rate and oxygen

consumption But because hard laughter is difficult to ___4___, a good laugh is

unlikely to have ___5___benefits the way, say, walking or jogging does.

___6____, instead of straining muscles to build them, as exercise does, laughter

apparently accomplishes the ___7___, studies dating back to the 1930’s indicate

that laughter___8___ muscles, decreasing muscle tone for up to 45 minutes after the

laugh dies down.

Such bodily reaction might conceivably help ___9___the effects of psychological

stress. Anyway, the act of laughing probably does produce other types of ___10___

feedback, that improve an individual’s emotional state. ___11___one classical

theory of emotion, our feelings are partially rooted ___12___ physical reactions. It

was argued at the end of the 19th century that humans do not cry ___13___they are

sad but they become sad when the tears begin to flow.

Although sadness also ___14___ tears, evidence suggests that emotions can flow

______15_________ muscular responses. In an experiment published in 1988,social

psychologist Fritz Strack of the University of würzburg in Germany asked volunteers

大学英语

to ____16____ a pen either with their teeth-thereby creating an artificial smile – or

with their lips, which would produce a(n) ____17____ expression. Those forced to

exercise their smiling muscles ___18___ more exuberantly to funny cartons than did

those whose mouths were contracted in a frown, ___19___ that expressions may

influence emotions rather than just the other way around ___20___ , the physical act

of laughter could improve mood.

1．[A]among [B]except [C]despite [D]like

2．[A]reflect [B]demand [C]indicate [D]produce

3．[A]stabilizing [B]boosting [C]impairing [D]determining

4．[A]transmit [B]sustain [C]evaluate [D]observe

5．[A]measurable [B]manageable [C]affordable [D]renewable

6．[A]In turn [B]In fact [C]In addition [D]In brief

7．[A]opposite [B]impossible [C]average [D]expected

8．[A]hardens [B]weakens [C]tightens [D]relaxes

9．[A]aggravate [B]generate [C]moderate [D]enhance

10．[A]physical [B]mental [C]subconscious [D]internal

11．[A]Except for [B] According to [C] Due to [D] As for

12．[A]with [B]on [C]in [D]at

13．[A]unless [B]until [C]if [D]because

14．[A]exhausts [B]follows [C]precedes [D]suppresses

15．[A]into [B]from [C]towards [D]beyond

16．[A]fetch [B]bite [C]pick [D]hold

17．[A]disappointed [B]excited [C]joyful [D]indifferent

18．[A]adapted [B]catered [C]turned [D]reacted

19．[A]suggesting [B]requiring [C]mentioning [D]supposing

20．[A]Eventually [B]Consequently [C]Similarly [D]Conversely

大学英语

2011考研英语（一）答案

Section I Use of English

1-5 CDBBA 6-10 BADCA 11-15 BCDCB 16-20 DADAC

1.C

解析：语义逻辑题。第一句含义是“古希腊哲学家亚里士多德把笑看作是“有益于身体健康的宝贵锻炼”，第二句意思是“但是 一些人提出相反的意见，轻笑可能对身体健康影响极小”，两句之间是转折关系，A、B、C、D四个选项中只有C选项表转折“尽管”，故是正确选项。

2.D

解析：语义辨析题。上下文语境是“笑确实能 短期的改变”。A. reflect“反映”，B.

demand“要求”，C. indicate“表明，暗示”，D. produce“产生”，只有D 选项符合语境，所以是正确答案。

3.B

解析：语义搭配题。文中提到“笑能够 心律呼吸速率。” A. stabilizing 意思是“安定，稳定”，B. boosting“促进，推进”，C. impairing“损害，削弱”，D. determining“决定”，根据语境应该是“笑能够促进心律呼吸速率”，B为正确答案。

4.B

解析：语义辨析题。这句话意思是“但是因为大笑很难 ，一次狂笑不可能……”，四个选项的含义分别是 A. transmit “传播”，B. sustain“维持”，C. evaluate“评估”，D.

observe“观察”，根据语境，只有B. sustain符合语境。

5.A

解析：语义辨析题。这句话意思是“一次狂笑不可能像比如走路或者慢跑那样对心血管功能产生 益处。” A. measurable“重大的，重要的”，B. manageable“易控制的”，C. affordable“负担得起的”，D. renewable“可再生的”，四个选项中能和“益处”搭配的只有A. measurable，故是正确答案。

6.B

解析：逻辑分析题。第二段第一句是说“其他的锻炼可以拉紧增强肌肉，很显然笑确是起到了……作用”，对上文有承接还有转折的关系，A. In turn 意思是“轮流”，C. In addition大学英语

是“另外”，D. In brief 意思是“简而言之”，都不符合语境，只有B. In fact“事实上”符合上下文语境，是正确选项。

7.A

解析：语义逻辑题。第二段第二句的意思是说“笑可以放松肌肉，在狂笑平息之后45分钟内会降低肌肉张力”，跟上文中的“其他的锻炼可以拉紧增强肌肉”是相反的关系，所以A. opposite是正确选项。

8.D

解析：语义搭配题。空格前后面是“笑 肌肉”，A. hardens“使变硬”，B. weakens“减少”，C. tightens“是变紧”，D. relaxes“放松”，因为上文提到了“其他的锻炼可以拉紧增强肌肉，很显然笑确实起到了相反的作用”。“拉紧”的反义词只有D. relaxes，故正确。

9.C

解析：语义搭配题。这句话的意思是“这样的身体放松可能会帮助 心理紧张状态的影响。” A. aggravate“加剧，恶化”，B. generate“使形成，发生”，C. moderate“节制，减轻”，D. enhance“增加”，根据上下文语境，只能是“减轻心理压力”，故C是正确选项。

10.A

解析：语义逻辑题。这句话的意思是“笑的行为毕竟可能会产生其他形式的 反馈来提高个体的情绪状态。”其中提到“笑的行为”，它是一种身体上的行为，后面提到“其他 反馈”，应该是和“笑”相呼应的，故正确选项是A。

11.B

解析：词义辨析题。根据已知信息推测，应该是“根据一个经典的情绪理论，……”A.

Except for表示“除了……”，它引出一个与前面的词相反的原因或者事例； B. According

to“根据， 按照”，表示依据，后面常跟表示理论、思想之类的词，是正确答案。C. Due

to“由于，因为” 后面跟一般原因，D. As for“至于，就……方面说”用以转换话题和表现态度，故排除。

12.C

解析：固定搭配题。be rooted in是固定词组表示“来源于……”be rooted跟其它选项不搭配使用，故排除。

13.D

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解析：逻辑关系题。这句话的意思是“人们不会 他们伤心而哭，但当开始流泪时他们才变得伤心。”伤心和哭之间是因果关系，所以答案应该是D. because。

14.C

解析：词义辨析/语义逻辑题。解题关键although。although表示假设，让步。由上文提到当人们流泪时才觉得伤心可知，伤心在流泪之后。这里要说另一种情况“伤心也会在流泪之前”而A. exhausts“使筋疲力尽；使疲惫不堪”，B. follows “跟随” C. precedes“先于，表示在……之前发生(或出现)”；D. suppresses“压制；阻止；抑制”，语义不符。

15.B

解析：词义辨析题。由已知信息可知原文要表达“证据显示情绪是肌肉反映的结果”A.

into“进入……中， 到……里” B. from “来自”表原因，符合表达需要，故为正确答案。C. towards向， 朝 D. beyond “超出，超过”意思不符合，故排除。

16.D

解析：词义辨析题。A. fetch“取来”，B. bite“咬， 叮”， C. pick“采， 摘”， D.

hold“拿， 抱， 握住”，根据上下文信息可知该实验要求志愿者用牙咬住或者用嘴含住一支笔。hold的意思最符合。

17.A

解析：词义辨析/语义逻辑题。由已知信息“用嘴含住一支笔”推测，这个动作会产生一种失望的表情 A. disappointed“失望的”意思最符合，B. excited “兴奋的”，C.

joyful“快乐的”，D. indifferent“漠不关心的”都不符合语境，故排除。

18.D

解析：词义辨析题。A. adapted to“变得习惯于……, 使适应于……”，B. catered to “迎合，满足某种需要或要求”，C. turned……to“转向”，D. reacted to“对……作出反应”，根据原文表达需要“在观看有趣的动画片时……”此处正确选项是D. reacted to。

19.A

解析：词义辨析题。根据前文信息，由前面的实验结果“那些被强制锻炼笑肌的人比那些嘴唇皱着表情失望的人在观看有趣的动画片时反应更加丰富”，我们可以推断出一个结论A.

suggesting表明，后接结论的句子，符合要求，故为正确答案。B. requiring “需要，要求”， C. mentioning “提到”，D. supposing“假定， 假设”都不符合上下文语境，故排除。

20.C

大学英语

解析：逻辑分析题。上文提到了“表情而不是其他的方式可能会影响情绪”，后文又提到了“笑的生理行为可以使心情好转”，前后句解释的是同一种情况。A. Eventually和B.

Consequently，都是作为“总结”的副词，D. Conversely表示“相反”，只有 C.

Similarly“相似的是”，符合上下文逻辑，是正确选项。

大学英语

2010年考研英语（一）试题

Section I Use of English

Directions:

Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark [A], [B],

[C] or [D] on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)

In 1924 America's National Research Council sent two engineers to supervise a series of

industrial experiments at a large telephone-parts factory called the Hawthorne Plant near

Chicago. It hoped they would learn how stop-floor lighting ___1___ workers' productivity. Instead,

the studies ended 2___ giving their name to the "Hawthorne effect", the extremely influential

idea that the very ___3___ to being experimented upon changed subjects' behavior.

The idea arose because of the ___4___ behavior of the women in the Hawthorne plant.

According to ___5___ of the experiments, their hourly output rose when lighting was increased,

but also when it was dimmed. It did not ___6___ what was done in the experiment; ___7___

something was changed, productivity rose. A(n) ___8___ that they were being experimented upon

seemed to be ___9___ to alter workers' behavior ___10___ itself.

After several decades, the same data were ___11___ to econometric the analysis. Hawthorne

experiments has another surprise store ___12___ the descriptions on record, no systematic

___13___ was found that levels of productivity were related to changes in lighting.

It turns out that peculiar way of conducting the experiments may be have let to ___14___

interpretation of what happed. ___15___, lighting was always changed on a Sunday. When work

started again on Monday, output ___16___ rose compared with the previous Saturday and ___17___

to rise for the next couple of days. ___18___, a comparison with data for weeks when there was no

experimentation showed that output always went up on Monday, workers ___19___ to be diligent

for the first few days of the week in any case, before ___20___ a plateau and then slackening off.

This suggests that the alleged "Hawthorne effect" is hard to pin down.

1. [A] affected

2. [A] at

3. [A] truth

4. [A] controversial

[B] achieved

[B] up

[B] sight

[B] perplexing

[C] extracted

[C] with

[C] act

[C] mischievous

[D] restored

[D] off

[D] proof

[D] ambiguous

[D] assessments

[D] work

5. [A] requirements [B] explanation [C] accounts

6. [A] conclude [B] matter [C] indicate

大学英语

7. [A] as far as

8. [A] awareness

9. [A] suitable

10. [A] about

11. [A] compared

12. [A] contrary to

13. [A] evidence

14. [A] disputable

15. [A] In contrast

16. [A] duly

17. [A] failed

20. [A] breaking

大学英语

[B] for fear that

[B] expectation

[B] excessive

[B] for

[B] shown

[B] consistent with

[B] guidance

[B] enlightening

[B] For example

[B] accidentally

[B] ceased

[B] climbing

[C] in case that

[C] sentiment

[C] enough

[C] on

[C] subjected

[C] implication

[C] reliable

[C] In consequence

[C] unpredictably

[C] started

[C] surpassing

[D] so long as

[D] illusion

[D] abundant

[D] by

[D] conveyed

[D] peculiar to

[D] source

[D] misleading

[D] As usual

[D] suddenly

[D] continued

[D] hitting

[C] parallel with

2009年考研英语（一）试题

Directions:

Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D

on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)

Research on animal intelligence always makes me wonder just how smart humans are. ___1___

the fruit-fly experiments described in Carl Zimmer's piece in the Science Times on Tuesday. Fruit

flies who were taught to be smarter than the average fruit fly ___2___ to live shorter lives. This

suggests that ___3___ bulbs burn longer, that there is an ___4___ in not being too terrifically bright.

Intelligence, it ___5___ out, is a high-priced option. It takes more upkeep, burns more fuel and

is slow ___6___ the starting line because it depends on learning — a gradual ___7___ — instead of

instinct. Plenty of other species are able to learn, and one of the things they've apparently learned

is when to ___8___.

Is there an adaptive value to ___9___ intelligence? That's the question behind this new

research. I like it. Instead of casting a wistful glance ___10___ at all the species we've left in the dust

I.Q.-wise, it implicitly asks what the real ___11___ of our own intelligence might be. This is ___12___

the mind of every animal I've ever met.

Research on animal intelligence also makes me wonder what experiments animals would

___13___ on humans if they had the chance. Every cat with an owner, ___14___, is running a

small-scale study in operant conditioning. We believe that ___15___ animals ran the labs, they

would test us to ___16___ the limits of our patience, our faithfulness, our memory for terrain. They

would try to decide what intelligence in humans is really ___17___, not merely how much of it

there is. ___18___, they would hope to study a ___19___ question: Are humans actually aware of the

world they live in? ___20___ the results are inconclusive.

1. [A] Suppose

2. [A] tended

3. [A] thinner

4. [A] tendency

5. [A] insists on

6. [A] off

7. [A] incredible

[B] Consider

[B] feared

[B] stabler

[B] advantage

[B] sums up

[B] behind

[B] spontaneous

[C] Observe

[C] happened

[C] lighter

[C] inclination

[C] turns out

[C] over

[C] inevitable

[D] Imagine

[D] threatened

[D] dimmer

[D] priority

[D] puts forward

[D] along

[D] gradual

Section I Use of English

大学英语

8. [A] fight

9. [A] invisible

10. [A] upward

11. [A] features

12. [A] outside

13. [A] deliver

14. [A] by chance

15. [A] if

16. [A] moderate

17. [A] at

18. [A] Above all

19. [A] fundamental

20. [A] By accident

大学英语

[B] doubt

[B] limited

[B] forward

[B] influences

[B] on

[B] carry

[B] in contrast

[B] unless

[B] overcome

[B] for

[B] After all

[B] comprehensive

[B] In time

[C] stop

[C] indefinite

[C] afterward

[C] results

[C] by

[C] perform

[C] as usual

[C] as

[C] determine

[C] after

[C] However

[C] equivalent

[C] So far

[D] think

[D] different

[D] backward

[D] costs

[D] across

[D] apply

[D] for instance

[D] lest

[D] reach

[D] with

[D] Otherwise

[D] hostile

[D] Better still

2009年考研英语（一）答案

Section I: Use of English (10 points)

1.

6.

B

A

2.

7.

A

D

3.

8.

D

C

4.

9.

B

B

5. C

10. D

15. A

20. C

11. D

16. C

12. B

17. B

13. C

18. A

14. D

19. A

大学英语

2008年考研英语（一）试题

Section I Use of English

Directions:

Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D

on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)

The idea that some groups of people may be more intelligent than others is one of those

hypotheses that dare not speak its name. But Gregory Cochran is ___1___ to say it anyway. He is

that ___2___ bird, a scientist who works independently ___3___ any institution. He helped

popularize the idea that some diseases not ___4___ thought to have a bacterial cause were

actually infections, which aroused much controversy when it was first suggested.

___5___ he, however, might tremble at the ___6___ of what he is about to do. Together with

another two scientists, he is publishing a paper which not only ___7___ that one group of

humanity is more intelligent than the others, but explains the process that has brought this about.

The group in ___8___ are a particular people originated from central Europe. The process is natural

selection.

This group generally do well in IQ test, ___9___ 12-15 points above the ___10___ value of 100,

and have contributed ___11___ to the intellectual and cultural life of the West, as the ___12___ of

their elites, including several world-renowned scientists, ___13___. They also suffer more often

than most people from a number of nasty genetic diseases, such as breast cancer. These facts,

___14___, have previously been thought unrelated. The former has been ___15___ to social effects,

such as a strong tradition of ___16___ education. The latter was seen as a (an) ___17___ of genetic

isolation. Dr. Cochran suggests that the intelligence and diseases are intimately ___18___. His

argument is that the unusual history of these people has ___19___ them to unique evolutionary

pressures that have resulted in this ___20___ state of affairs.

1. [A] selected

2. [A] unique

3. [A] of

4. [A] subsequently

5. [A] Only

6. [A] thought

7. [A] advises

[B] prepared

[B] particular

[B] with

[B] presently

[B] So

[B] sight

[B] suggests

[C] obliged

[C] special

[C] in

[C] previously

[C] Even

[C] cost

[C] protests

[D] pleased

[D] rare

[D] against

[D] lately

[D] Hence

[D] risk

[D] objects

大学英语

8. [A] progress

9. [A] attaining

10. [A] normal

[B] fact

[B] scoring

[B] common

[C] need

[C] reaching

[C] mean

[D] question

[D] calculating

[D] total

[D] unaccountably 11. [A] unconsciously [B] disproportionately [C] indefinitely

12. [A] missions

13. [A] affirm

14. [A] moreover

15. [A] given up

16. [A] assessing

17. [A] development

18. [A] linked

19. [A] limited

20. [A] paradoxical

大学英语

[B] fortunes

[B] witness

[B] therefore

[B] got over

[B] supervising

[B] origin

[B] integrated

[B] subjected

[B] incompatible

[C] interests

[C] observe

[C] however

[C] carried on

[C] administering

[C] consequence

[C] woven

[C] converted

[C] inevitable

[D] careers

[D] approve

[D] meanwhile

[D] put down

[D] valuing

[D] instrument

[D] combined

[D] directed

[D] continuous

2008年考研英语（一）答案

Section I: Use of English (10 points)

1.

6.

B

A

2.

7.

D

B

3.

8.

A

D

4.

9.

C

B

5. C

10. C

15. D

20. A

11. B

16. D

12. D

17. C

13. A

18. A

14. C

19. B

大学英语

2007年考研英语（一）试题

Section I Use of English

Directions:

Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark [A], [B], [C]

or [D] on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)

By 1830 the former Spanish and Portuguese colonies had become independent nations. The

roughly 20 million ___1___ of these nations looked ___2___ to the future. Born in the crisis of the

old regime and Iberian Colonialism, many of the leaders of independence ___3___ the ideals of

representative government, careers ___4___ to talent, freedom of commerce and trade, the ___5___

to private property, and a belief in the individual as the basis of society. ___6___ there was a belief

that the new nations should be sovereign and independent states, large enough to be

economically viable and integrated by a ___7___ set of laws.

On the issue of ___8___ of religion and the position of the church, ___9___, there was less

agreement ___10___ the leadership. Roman Catholicism had been the state religion and the only

one ___11___ by the Spanish crown. ___12___ most leaders sought to maintain Catholicism ___13___

the official religion of the new states, some sought to end the ___14___ of other faiths. The

defense of the Church became a rallying ___15___ for the conservative forces.

The ideals of the early leaders of independence were often egalitarian, valuing equality of

everything. Bolivar had received aid from Haiti and had ___16___ in return to abolish slavery in the

areas he liberated. By 1854 slavery had been abolished everywhere except Spain’s ___17___

colonies. Early promises to end Indian tribute and taxes on people of mixed origin came much

___18___ because the new nations still needed the revenue such policies ___19___. Egalitarian

sentiments were often tempered by fears that the mass of the population was ___20___ self-rule

and democracy.

1.

2.

3.

4.

[A] natives [B] inhabitants [C] peoples [D] individuals

[A] confusedly [B] cheerfully [C] worriedly [D] hopefully

[A] shared [B] forgot [C] attained [D] rejected

[A] related [B] close [C] open [D] devoted

5. [A] access [B] succession [C] right [D] return

6. [A] Presumably [B] Incidentally [C] Obviously [D] Generally

大学英语

7.

8.

9.

[A] unique [B] common [C] particular [D] typical

[A] freedom [B] origin [C] impact [D] reform

[A] therefore [B] however [C] indeed [D] moreover

10. [A] with [B] about [C] among [D] by

11. [A] allowed [B] preached [C] granted [D] funded

12. [A] Since [B] If [C] Unless [D] While

13. [A] as [B] for [C] under [D] against

14. [A] spread [B] interference [C] exclusion [D] influence

15. [A] support [B] cry [C] plea [D] wish

16. [A] urged [B] intended [C] expected [D] promised

17. [A] controlling [B] former [C] remaining [D] original

18. [A] slower [B] faster [C] easier [D] tougher

19. [A] created [B] produced [C] contributed [D] preferred

20. [A] puzzled by [B] hostile to [C] pessimistic about [D] unprepared for

大学英语

2007年考研英语（一）答案

Section I: Use of English (10 points)

1.

6.

B

D

2.

7.

D

B

3.

8.

A

A

4.

9.

C

B

5. C

10. C

15. B

20. D

11. A

16. D

12. D

17. C

13. A

18. A

14. C

19. B

大学英语

2006年考研英语（一）试题

Section I Use of English

Directions:

Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark [A], [B], [C]

or [D] on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)

The homeless make up a growing percentage of America’s population. ___1___

homelessness has reached such proportions that local governments can’t possibly ___2___. To

help homeless people ___3___ independence, the federal government must support job training

programs, ___4___ the minimum wage, and fund more low-cost housing.

___5___ everyone agrees on the number of Americans who are homeless. Estimates ___6___

anywhere from 600,000 to 3 million. ___7___ the figure may vary, analysts do agree on another

matter: that the number of the homeless is ___8___. One of the federal government’s studies

___9___ that the number of the homeless will reach nearly 19 million by the end of this decade.

Finding ways to ___10___ this growing homeless population has become increasingly difficult.

___11___ when homeless individuals manage to find a ___12___ that will give them three meals a

day and a place to sleep at night, a good number still spend the bulk of each day ___13___ the

street. Part of the problem is that many homeless adults are addicted to alcohol or drugs. And a

significant number of the homeless have serious mental disorders. Many others, ___14___ not

addicted or mentally ill, simply lack the everyday ___15___ skills needed to turn their lives ___16___.

Boston Globe reporter Chris Reidy notes that the situation will improve only when there are

___17___ programs that address the many needs of the homeless. ___18___ Edward Zlotkowski,

director of community service at Bentley College in Massachusetts, ___19___ it, “There has to be

___20___ of programs. What’s needed is a package deal.”

1. [A] Indeed [B] Likewise [C] Therefore [D] Furthermore

2. [A] stand [B] cope [C] approve [D] retain

3. [A] in [B] for [C] with [D] toward

4. [A] raise [B] add [C] take [D] keep

5. [A] generally [B] almost [C] hardly [D] not

6. [A] cover [B] change [C] range [D] differ

7. [A] Now that [B] Although [C] Provided [D] Except that

8. [A] inflating [B] expanding [C] increasing [D] extending

大学英语

9. [A] predicts [B] displays [C] proves [D] discovers

10. [A] assist [B] track [C] sustain [D] dismiss

11. [A] Hence [B] But [C] Even [D] Only

12. [A] lodging [B] shelter [C] dwelling [D] house

13. [A] searching [B] strolling [C] crowding [D] wandering

14. [A] when [B] once [C] while [D] whereas

15. [A] life [B] existence [C] survival [D] maintenance

16. [A] around [B] over [C] on [D] up

17. [A] complex [B] comprehensive [C] complementary [D] compensating

18. [A] So [B] Since [C] As [D] Thus

19. [A] puts [B] interprets [C] assumes [D] makes

20. [A] supervision [B] manipulation [C] regulation [D] coordination

大学英语

2006年考研英语（一）答案

Section I: Use of English (10 points)

1.

6.

[A]

[C]

2.

7.

[B]

[B]

3.

8.

[D]

[C]

4.

9.

[A]

[A]

5. [D]

10. [A]

15. [C]

20. [D]

11. [C]

16. [A]

12. [B]

17. [B]

13. [D]

18. [C]

14. [C]

19. [A]

大学英语

2005年考研英语（一）试题

Section I Use of English

Directions:

Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark [A], [B], [C]

or [D] on ANSWER SHEET 1 (10 points)

The human nose is an underrated tool. Humans are often thought to be insensitive smellers

compared with animals, ___1___ this is largely because, ___2___ animals, we stand upright. This

means that our noses are ___3___ to perceiving those smells which float through the air, ___4___

the majority of smells which stick to surfaces. In fact, ___5___, we are extremely sensitive to smells,

___6___ we do not generally realize it. Our noses are capable of ___7___ human smells even when

these are ___8___ to far below one part in one million.

Strangely, some people find that they can smell one type of flower but not another, ___9___

others are sensitive to the smells of both flowers. This may be because some people do not have

the genes necessary to generate ___10___ smell receptors in the nose. These receptors are the

cells which sense smells and send ___11___ to the brain. However, it has been found that even

people insensitive to a certain smell ___12___ can suddenly become sensitive to it when ___13___

to it often enough.

The explanation for insensitivity to smell seems to be that the brain finds it ___14___ to keep

all smell receptors working all the time but can ___15___ new receptors if necessary. This may

___16___ explain why we are not usually sensitive to our own smells—we simply do not need to be.

We are not ___17___ of the usual smell of our own house, but we ___18___ new smells when we

visit someone else’s. The brain finds it best to keep smell receptors ___19___ for unfamiliar and

emergency signals ___20___ the smell of smoke, which might indicate the danger of fire.

1. [A] although [B] as [C] but [D] while

2. [A] above [B] unlike [C] excluding [D] besides

3. [A] limited [B] committed [C] dedicated [D] confined

4. [A] catching [B] ignoring [C] missing [D] tracking

5. [A] anyway [B] though [C] instead [D] therefore

6. [A] even if [B] if only [C] only if [D] as if

7. [A] distinguishing [B] discovering [C] determining [D] detecting

8. [A] diluted [B] dissolved [C] dispersed [D] diffused

大学英语

9. [A] when [B] since [C] for [D] whereas

10. [A] unusual [B] particular [C] unique [D] typical

11. [A] signs [B] stimuli [C] messages [D] impulses

12. [A] at first [B] at all [C] at large [D] at times

13. [A] subjected [B] left [C] drawn [D] exposed

14. [A] ineffective [B] incompetent [C] inefficient [D] insufficient

15. [A] introduce [B] summon [C] trigger [D] create

16. [A] still [B] also [C] otherwise [D] nevertheless

17. [A] sure [B] sick [C] aware [D] tired

18. [A] tolerate [B] repel [C] neglect [D] notice

19. [A] available [B] reliable [C] identifiable [D] suitable

20. [A] similar to [B] such as [C] along with [D] aside from

大学英语

2005年考研英语真题答案

Section I: Use of English (10 points)

1.

6.

[C]

[A]

2.

7.

[B]

[D]

3.

8.

[A]

[A]

4.

9.

[C]

[D]

5. [B]

10. [B]

15. [D]

20. [B]

11. [C]

16. [B]

12. [A]

17. [C]

13. [D]

18. [D]

14. [C]

19. [A]

大学英语

2004年考研英语（一）试题

Section II Use of English

Directions:

Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark [A], [B], [C]

or [D] on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)

Many theories concerning the causes of juvenile delinquency (crimes committed by young

people) focus either on the individual or on society as the major contributing influence. Theories

___21___ on the individual suggest that children engage in criminal behavior ___22___ they were

not sufficiently penalized for previous misdeeds or that they have learned criminal behavior

through ___23___ with others. Theories focusing on the role of society suggest that children

commit crimes in ___24___ to their failure to rise above their socioeconomic status, ___25___ as a

rejection of middle-class values.

Most theories of juvenile delinquency have focused on children from disadvantaged families,

___26___ the fact that children from wealthy homes also commit crimes. The latter may commit

crimes ___27___ lack of adequate parental control. All theories, however, are tentative and are

___28___ to criticism.

Changes in the social structure may indirectly ___29___ juvenile crime rates. For example,

changes in the economy that ___30___ to fewer job opportunities for youth and rising

unemployment ___31___ make gainful employment increasingly difficult to obtain. The resulting

discontent may in ___32___ lead more youths into criminal behavior.

Families have also ___33___ changes these years. More families consist of one-parent

households or two working parents; ___34___, children are likely to have less supervision at home

___35___ was common in the traditional family ___36___. This lack of parental supervision is

thought to be an influence on juvenile crime rates. Other ___37___ causes of offensive acts include

frustration or failure in school, the increased ___38___ of drugs and alcohol, and the growing

___39___ of child abuse and child neglect. All these conditions tend to increase the probability of a

child committing a criminal act, ___40___ a direct causal relationship has not yet been established.

21. [A] acting [B] relying [C] centering [D] commenting

22. [A] before [B] unless [C] until [D] because

23. [A] interaction [B] assimilation [C] cooperation [D] consultation

24. [A] return [B] reply [C] reference [D] response

25. [A] or [B] but rather [C] but [D] or else

大学英语

26. [A] considering [B] ignoring [C] highlighting [D] discarding

27. [A] on [B] in [C] for [D] with

28. [A] immune [B] resistant [C] sensitive [D] subject

29. [A] affect [B] reduce [C] check [D] reflect

30. [A] point [B] lead [C] come [D] amount

31. [A] in general [B] on average [C] by contrast [D] at length

32. [A] case [B] short [C] turn [D] essence

33. [A] survived [B] noticed [C] undertaken [D] experienced

34. [A] contrarily [B] consequently [C] similarly [D] simultaneously

35. [A] than [B] that [C] which [D] as

36. [A] system [B] structure [C] concept [D] heritage

37. [A] assessable [B] identifiable [C] negligible [D] incredible

38. [A] expense [B] restriction [C] allocation [D] availability

39. [A] incidence [B] awareness [C] exposure [D] popularity

40. [A] provided [B] since [C] although [D] supposing

大学英语

2004年考研英语（一）答案

Section I: Listening Comprehension (20 points)

Part A (5 points)

1. highlands 2. 20 3. mild 4. November 5. 22

Part B (5 points)

6.

7.

8.

9.

A (technology) forecaster;

government agencies;

(A) meaningful (exercise);

open to change;

10. Trust and cooperation.

Part C (10 points)

11. [D]

16. [C]

12. [B]

17. [B]

13. [C]

18. [A]

14. [D]

19. [A]

15. [A]

20. [C]

Section II: Use of English (10 points)

21. [C]

26. [B]

31. [A]

36. [B]

22. [D]

27. [C]

32. [C]

37. [B]

23. [A]

28. [D]

33. [D]

38. [D]

24. [D]

29. [A]

34. [B]

39. [A]

25. [A]

30. [B]

35. [A]

40. [C]

Section III: Reading Comprehension (50 points)

Part A (40 points)

41. [C]

46. [A]

51. [D]

56. [C]

Part B (10 points)

61. 希腊人认为, 语言结构与思维过程之间存在着某种联系。这一观点在人们尚未认识到语言的千差万别以前就早已在欧洲扎下了根。

42. [A]

47. [D]

52. [A]

57. [A]

43. [D]

48. [C]

53. [B]

58. [D]

44. [B]

49. [B]

54. [A]

59. [B]

45. [C]

50. [D]

55. [C]

60. [C]

大学英语

62. 我们之所有感激他们 (两位先驱), 是因为在此之后, 这些 (土著) 语言中有一些已经不复存在了, 这是由于说这些语言的部族或是消亡了, 或是被同化而丧失了自己的本族语言。

63. 这些新近被描述的语言与已经得到充分研究的欧洲和东南亚地区的语言往往差别显著, 以至于有些学者甚至指责Boas和Sapir编造了材料。

64. Whorf对语言与思维的关系很感兴趣, 逐渐形成了这样的观点：在一个社会中, 语言的结构决定习惯思维的结构。

65. Whorf进而相信某种类似语言决定论的观点, 其极端说法是：语言禁锢思维, 语言的语法结构能对一个社会的文化产生深远的影响。

Section IV: Writing (20 points)

66. 参考范文

Look at this picture. A man is running toward the end of a race, sweating all over. Perhaps

there is nothing special about the man and the race, yet the end line leaves a deep impression on

us for it is both “finish line” and “starting line” if we look at it from a different angle.

The picture tells us a lot about life. An ordinary runner may think that his achievement calls

for celebration for he has reached his goal. But an ambitious runner will well realize that his

success is the starting point for a new race. Obviously, the way we look at things determines how

far we will go. If we feel satisfied with the ability to read and write, perhaps we will not strive to

get a college education. Again, if we think a Bachelor's degree is quite enough, we will not take

pains to pass the examination for postgraduate. Life is just like an endless race. If we don’t

prepare for new races, we are either disqualified from the race or surpassed by others. That’s

why the finish line is also a starting line.

I like this picture. I may have been running this endless race, but I have been pushed forward

by my parents or people around me. From now on, I will become more active and take the

initiative, for the picture has really enlightened me.

(233 words)

大学英语

2003年考研英语（一）试题

Section II Use of English

Directions:

Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark [A], [B], [C]

or [D] on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)

Teachers need to be aware of the emotional, intellectual, and physical changes that young

adults experience. And they also need to give serious ___21___ to how they can best ___22___ such

changes. Growing bodies need movement and ___23___, but not just in ways that emphasize

competition. ___24___ they are adjusting to their new bodies and a whole host of new intellectual

and emotional challenges, teenagers are especially self-conscious and need the ___25___ that

comes from achieving success and knowing that their accomplishments are ___26___ by others.

However, the typical teenage lifestyle is already filled with so much competition that it would be

___27___ to plan activities in which there are more winners than losers, ___28___, publishing

newsletters with many student-written book reviews, ___29___ student artwork, and sponsoring

book discussion clubs. A variety of small clubs can provide ___30___ opportunities for leadership,

as well as for practice in successful ___31___ dynamics. Making friends is extremely important to

teenagers, and many shy students need the ___32___ of some kind of organization with a

supportive adult ___33___ visible in the background.

In these activities, it is important to remember that the young teens have ___34___ attention

spans. A variety of activities should be organized ___35___ participants can remain active as long

as they want and then go on to ___36___ else without feeling guilty and without letting the other

participants ___37___. This does not mean that adults must accept irresponsibility. ___38___, they

can help students acquire a sense of commitment by ___39___ for roles that are within their

___40___ and their attention spans and by having clearly stated rules.

21. [A] thought [B] idea [C] opinion [D] advice

22. [A] strengthen [B] accommodate [C] stimulate [D] enhance

23. [A] care [B] nutrition [C] exercise [D] leisure

24. [A] If [B] Although [C] Whereas [D] Because

25. [A] assistance [B] guidance [C] confidence [D] tolerance

26. [A] claimed [B] admired [C] ignored [D] surpassed

27. [A] improper [B] risky [C] fair [D] wise

28. [A] in effect [B] as a result [C] for example [D] in a sense

大学英语

29. [A] displaying [B] describing [C] creating [D] exchanging

30. [A] durable [B] excessive [C] surplus [D] multiple

31. [A] group [B] individual [C] personnel [D] corporation

32. [A] consent [B] insurance [C] admission [D] security

33. [A] particularly [B] barely [C] definitely [D] rarely

34. [A] similar [B] long [C] different [D] short

35. [A] if only [B] now that [C] so that [D] even if

36. [A] everything [B] anything [C] nothing [D] something

37. [A] off [B] down [C] out [D] alone

38. [A] On the contrary [B] On the average [C] On the whole [D] On the other hand

39. [A] making [B] standing [C] planning [D] taking

40. [A] capabilities [B] responsibilities [C] proficiency [D] efficiency

大学英语

2003年考研英语（一）答案

Section I: Listening Comprehension (20 points)

Part A (5 points)

1. 1876 2. 1981 3. textiles 4. 19,137 5. concerts

Part B (5 points)

6.

7.

8.

9.

(the couple) themselves

constructively

a qualified psychologist

good intentions

10. absence

Part C (10 points)

11. [D]

16. [B]

12. [A]

17. [B]

13. [D]

18. [C]

14. [B]

19. [A]

15. [C]

20. [D]

Section II: Use of English (10 points)

21. [A]

26. [B]

31. [A]

36. [D]

22. [B]

27. [D]

32. [D]

37. [B]

23. [C]

28. [C]

33. [B]

38. [A]

24. [D]

29. [A]

34. [D]

39. [C]

25. [C]

30. [D]

35. [C]

40. [A]

Section III: Reading Comprehension (50 points)

Part A (40 points)

41. [B]

46. [A]

51. [C]

56. [C]

Part B (10 points)

61. 而且，人类还有能力改变自己的生存环境，从而是让所有其它形态的生命服从人类自己独特的想法和想象。

大学英语

42. [A]

47. [B]

52. [D]

57. [A]

43. [C]

48. [B]

53. [C]

58. [B]

44. [D]

49. [A]

54. [B]

59. [D]

45. [B]

50. [D]

55. [A]

60. [C]

62. 社会科学是知识探索的一个分支，它力图像自然科学家研究自然现象那样，用理性的、有序的、系统的和冷静的方式研究人类及其行为。

63. 强调收集第一手资料，加上在分析过去和现在文化形态时采用跨文化视角，使得这一研究成为一门独特并且非常重要的社会科学。

64. 泰勒把文化定义为“……一个复合整体，它包括人作为社会成员所获得的信仰、艺术、道德、法律、风俗以及其它能力和习惯”。

65. 因此，人类学中“文化”概念就像数学中“集”的概念一样，是一个抽象概念，它使大量的具体研究和认识成为可能。

Section IV: Writing (20 points)

66. 参考范文

As is shown in the two pictures, the same flower has different fate when put in different

situations. When there is protection, the flower blooms beautifully. However, when exposed

directly to rain and storm, the flower quickly withers. We can safely come to the conclusion that

greenhouse flowers cannot withstand rain and storm.

The same is true with our children. As the one-child policy is adopted in China, more and

more parents overprotect their children. With everything done for them and every need satisfied

by their parents or grandparents, these only children seem to be healthy, happy and high-spirited.

But when they leave home, they become disappointed and frustrated. Facing harsh things they

have never experienced before, such as competition from peers, criticism from supervisors,

pressure for deadlines and restriction for discipline, they will be at a loss, miserable or even

desperate. In fact, the more protection they get from their parents, the less ability they acquire.

Parents’ love for their children turns out to be a disaster.

Children, like flowers, should be treated with care, but reasonable and sensible ways of doing

things will help to bring about more fruitful results, if we not only love our children but also teach

them how to love, our love will be passed down from generation to generation; if we not only

solve problems for our children but also encourage them to solve problems, our diligence and

ingenuity will make our life more meaningful and worthwhile.

大学英语

2002年考研英语（一）试题

全国硕士研究生入学考试英语试题 (一)

Section II Use of English

Directions:

Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark [A], [B], [C]

or [D] on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)

Comparisons were drawn between the development of television in the 20th century and the

diffusion of printing in the 15th and 16th centuries. Yet much had happened ___21___. As was

discussed before, it was not ___22___ the 19th century that the newspaper became the dominant

pre-electronic ___23___, following in the wake of the pamphlet and the book and in the ___24___ of

the periodical. It was during the same time that the communications revolution ___25___ up,

beginning with transport, the railway, and leading ___26___ through the telegraph, the telephone,

radio, and motion pictures ___27___ the 20th-century world of the motor car and the air plane.

Not everyone sees that process in ___28___. It is important to do so.

It is generally recognized, ___29___, that the introduction of the computer in the early 20th

century, ___30___ by the invention of the integrated circuit during the 1960s, radically changed the

process, ___31___ its impact on the media was not immediately ___32___. As time went by,

computers became smaller and more powerful, and they became “personal” too, as well as

___33___, with display becoming sharper and storage ___34___ increasing. They were thought of,

like people, ___35___ generations, with the distance between generations much ___36___.

It was within the computer age that the term “information society” began to be widely

used to describe the ___37___ within which we now live. The communications revolution has

___38___ both work and leisure and how we think and feel both about place and time, but there

have been ___39___ views about its economic, political, social and cultural implications.

“Benefits” have been weighed ___40___ “harmful” outcomes. And generalizations have

proved difficult.

21. [A] between [B] before [C] since [D] later

22. [A] after [B] by [C] during [D] until

23. [A] means [B] method [C] medium [D] measure

24. [A] process [B] company [C] light [D] form

25. [A] gathered [B] speeded [C] worked [D] picked

26. [A] on [B] out [C] over [D] off

大学英语

27. [A] of [B] for [C] beyond [D] into

28. [A] concept [B] dimension [C] effect [D] perspective

29. [A] indeed [B] hence [C] however [D] therefore

30. [A] brought [B] followed [C] stimulated [D] characterized

31. [A] unless [B] since [C] lest [D] although

32. [A] apparent [B] desirable [C] negative [D] plausible

33. [A] institutional [B] universal [C] fundamental [D] instrumental

34. [A] ability [B] capability [C] capacity [D] faculty

35. [A] by means of [B] in terms of [C] with regard to [D] in line with

36. [A] deeper [B] fewer [C] nearer [D] smaller

37. [A] context [B] range [C] scope [D] territory

38. [A] regarded [B] impressed [C] influenced [D] effected

39. [A] competitive [B] controversial [C] distracting [D] irrational

40. [A] above [B] upon [C] against [D] with

大学英语

2002年考研英语（一）答案

Section I: Listening Comprehension (20 points)

Part A (5 points)

1. sociology 2. 1930 3. 23 4. religions 5. 1954

Part B (5 points)

6.

7.

8.

9.

cameramen/camera men

a personal visit

depressed

among advertisements

10. take firm action

Part C (10 points)

11. [D]

16. [A]

12. [B]

17. [A]

13. [C]

18. [D]

14. [D]

19. [C]

15. [B]

20. [B]

Section II: Use of English (10 points)

21. [A]

26. [A]

31. [D]

36. [D]

22. [D]

27. [D]

32. [A]

37. [A]

23. [C]

28. [D]

33. [A]

38. [C]

24. [B]

29. [C]

34. [C]

39. [B]

25. [B]

30. [B]

35. [B]

40. [C]

Section III: Reading Comprehension (50 points)

Part A (40 points)

41. [C]

46. [C]

51. [B]

56. [B]

Part B (10 points)

61. 难题在于所谓的行为科学几乎全都依然从心态、情感、性格特征、人性等方面去寻找行为的根源。

42. [B]

47. [C]

52. [D]

57. [C]

43. [D]

48. [D]

53. [D]

58. [B]

44. [D]

49. [B]

54. [A]

59. [A]

45. [A]

50. [C]

55. [A]

60. [D]

大学英语