2024年5月19日发(作者:主板型号和价格)
spend,cost,take和pay的常见用法
标题中四个单词均为动词,都有“花费”之意,其后的宾语又都指花费时间
(time)、金钱(money)或精力(effort)等。这四个动词的句型和用法迥然不
同,在使用上容易混淆,现分叙如下:
一、spend(spent,spent)
该词指“某人花费时间(金钱、精力)做某事”,宾语通常是“人”句型结构为:
somebody+spend+宾语+on something或(in)doing something,其中介词in常省
略不用,直接用动名词。如:
(1)I spent 300 yuan on that bike.
我花了300块钱买了那辆车。
(2)He spent all his life writing the book.
他花了毕生的精力来写这本书。
(3)I’m spending a lot move time on it(English)than before.
我现在花在英语上的时间比过去多得多。
注:spend后面不能跟动词不定式,只能用(in)V-ing或on+n。如:
(1)She spent too much money on clothes.
她在服装上面花钱太多了。
(2)She spent a whole afternoon(in)cleaning her classroom.
她花了整个下午打扫教室。
(3)I spent a lot of care on this book.
我在这本书上倾注了大量心血。
(4)We spent most of March planting the trees.
三月份的大部分时间我们都花在植树上。
该词可用于被动语态,其主语可以不指“人”。如:
The day was spent in into the night the eating drinking and
dancing lasted.
整天都花在庆祝上面,吃呀、喝呀、跳呀,一直延续到深夜。
二、cost(cost,cost)
该词指“某物需要付多少代价”或“某事花费多少时间或精力”,其主语通常是
“事物”或“行为”(动名词)。其句型结构为:something+cost+间接宾语+直接宾语
(time/money)。但该句不能用于被动语态,而是用主动句式来表示被动意义。
这个句型关键在于主语不能指“人”。如:
(1)That meal cost us¥300.
那顿饭花了我们300元人民币。
(2)Writing that letter in English cost me half an hour.
用英语写那封信花了我半小时的时间。
(3)Compiling a dictionary costs much time and effort.
编写词典花了许多时间和精力。
(4)How much did this pair of glasses cost you?
这副眼镜花了你多少钱?
(5)A bridge would cost far more than a tunnel.
架桥比挖隧道要花费更多的钱。
注:cost除作动词讲外,还常作名词其意义为“成本”、“代价”、“费用”。如:
(1)The cost of this bike is four handred yuan.
这辆自行车值四百元。
(2)The battle was won at a great cost of life.
这场战斗胜利花了极大的代价。
(3)The cost of living in Wengan is not high.
瓮安的生活费用不高。
三、take(took,taken)
该词指“(某人)做某事需要花费多少时间”,偶尔也可用于花费多少钱或劳
力。该句型特点是:通常以“做某事”为其正主语,而以It为形式主语,置于句首,
即It takes(took)+间接宾语+time+to v,句意指“某人做某事”,其逻辑主语(某
人)可以用间接宾语,也可用for somebody to do something这样的复合不定式结
构。如:
(1)It takes me more than (over)three hours to get to Guiyang by bus.
或:It takes more than(over)three hours for me to get to Guiyang by bus.
乘公共气车去贵阳花了我三个多小时。
(2)It took us a long time and a lot of money to build the house.
或:It took a long time and a lot of money for us to build the house.
修建这栋房子花了我们很多时间和大量资金。
(3)It will take fifty persons to build the house.
盖这栋房子要用五十个劳力。
(4)It took him five yuan to buy the book.
我花了5元钱买这本书。
(5)How long does it take to go to America by plane?
乘飞机去美国需要多少时间?
另外,take除了通常用It形式主语的句型外,有时也可用“人”或“物”作主语,
其后一般没有动词不定式(短语):即使用不定式,也不是真正的主语。如:
(1)Will you take 30 dollars for the dictionary?
你愿意花30元买这本词典吗?
(2)The work took her four hours.
这项工作花了他四个小时。
(3)The computer can solve complicated problem that once took months for
people to do.
电脑能解决前人需要花费几个朋才能解决的复杂问题。
四、pay(paid,paid)
该词指(某人)花钱做某事,其主语必须是“人”宾语是钱,也可以是人,其
后常跟for搭配,句型结构为:So mebody+pay+money for something或
somebody+pay+somebody+money for something
(1)We paid 500000 yuan for our house.
我们买房花了五十万元人民币。
(2)I will pay you 20 yuan for it.
我将付你二十元人民币。
(3)Have I paid back the money you lent me for those book?
我买那些书向你借的钱还给你了没有?
(4)We have at last paid off all our debts.
我们终于还清了所有的债务。
总之,要确使用spend,cost,teke和pay四个动词的用法,关键在于掌握其
句型结构,区别它们的异同,才能运用无误。
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