2024年5月4日发(作者：华硕f83s笔记本)

few, a few, little, a little

虽然都表示“少”，但

（1）few, a few是可数的, little, a little是不可数的。

（2）a few, a little含肯定意味，few, little含否定意味。这里所谓的“肯定意味”

和“否定意味”应该这样来理解：同样是半杯水，口渴者会认为：There is little

water in the glass. 而不口渴的人则会认为：There is a little water in the glass.

一：

1．few修饰可数名词复数。

2．few (= not many; hardly any)含否定意义；

a few (= some; several; a small umber of) 含肯定意义。

3．词组 not a few = no few = quite a few = a good few = many

quite a few=many（修饰可数名词）表示“许多”

quite a little=much（修饰不可数名词）表示“许多。

4． 当 few受 every, last, past, next, some, very等词所修饰时，表示肯定意义，

few之前不再有冠词。如：

In the last few minutes, he checked up his paper again.

It took us some few days to repair the machine.

二：

1． little修饰不可数名词，表示“量”。

2． little含否定意义(反义词：much)；

a little含肯定意义(反义词：none)。

3． 在非正式英语中，一般很少用little，常用not much, only a little来代替，

如：

We haven’t got much money / time

a lot of, 相当于much,more的化身,但仅用于修饰名词,当后面接形容词比较级时,

应为a lot;例:

There is a lot of water in the tank;

There'are a lot of books in my room;

I'm a lot better now, thanks.

more, 为much和many的比较级,后接名词(可数或不可数均可),或形容词;例:

I have more books than him.

I have more coffee than him;

The book is more expensive.

many, much, a lot of, lots of, plenty of

表示"多"的意思，可用many, much, a lot of, lots of, plenty of等。

(1) many, much常用于否定句和疑问句，而a lot of等则常用于肯定句。

例如：

I haven't seen many English films. 多数英文电影我没看过。 many修饰可数名词

Have you seen many English films? 多数的英文电影你都看过吗？ many修饰可数名词

I haven't done much work today. 我还没有做多少活呢。 much修饰不可数名词

Have you done much work today? 今天你已经做了很多活吗？ much修饰不可数名词

I have seen a lot of / lots of / plenty of / a great number of English films.

我已经看了多部英文电影。 number修饰可数名词

I have done a lot of / lots of / plenty of / a great amount of work today.

今天我已经做了很多活。amount修饰不可数名词

(2) many / much 既可作限定词，也可作不定代词（INDEFINITE PRONOUN〕，

a lot 也可单独用作名词词组：

Have you done all these exercises?

----No, I haven't done very many.

Have you done much work today?

----Yes, I've done a lot.

(3) 当然，以上所讲many / much常用于否定句和疑问句并不是绝对的，尤其是

在下列场合many / much也常用于肯定句：

a) 用于whether / if引导的宾语分句中。例如：

I doubt whether / if there'll be many people at the show on this rainy day. 我怀疑在

这个雨天里会有很多人看表演。

I wonder whether / if he has much information on this subject. 我想知道在这个题目

上他是否知道很多消息。

b) 用于由"how / too / so / as+ many / much (+中心词)" 构成的名词词组中。

例如：

He took so many boxes with himthat he had to call a taxi.

他身边带着太多的箱子，不得不叫计程车。

It's really surprising that the child has so much strength at his age.

真是很惊奇，在这个年龄的孩子居然这么有力气。

You can take as many copies as you need. 你可以根据你的需要想拿多少张就拿多少张。

You can use as much oil as you need. 根据你的需要想用多少油就用多少。

I have (far) too many books on the shelf.

We've had too much rain this spring. 这个春天我们已经有太多的雨。

I'd like to know how many copies are needed for the class.

我想要知道在这班需要多少张考贝。

I want to know how much money will be spent on the project.

我想知道将在这个计划花费多少钱。MUCH修饰不可数名词MONEY。

c) 用于在句首作主语以及在"存在句"中作实义主语的名词词组中。例如：

Many people would like to take holidays abroad. 许多人喜欢去国外渡假。

Much coal has been saved through the use of the new device. 通过用新的装置，很多

煤被节省下来。

There are many girl students in my class. 在我的班级里有许多女学生。

There is much coal left in the mine. 在煤矿有很多的煤剩下。

同样地，a good / great many也可用于肯定句。例如：

I have read a great many English novels. 我已读过大量的英语小说。

few, (a)little

(1)表示"少"的意思，可用(a) few, (a) little, 既可用作限定词，也可用作不定代词。

a few, a little表示"少量"，带有肯定意义。

例如：

Let's invite a few friends to come with us.

让我们来邀请几个朋友来和我们在一起。

Here are a few more books on this subject. 在他的课题上有少量的书。

There are only a very few left. 只有一点点剩下。

I'm keeping the few that remain for tomorrow. 我保住剩下的一点点为明天。

I had a little difficulty in solving the problem. 在解决这个问题上我有一点困难。

Give me a little of that wine. 给我一点那种酒。

I'm trying to use the little French I have just learnt. 我正在试用我刚学的一点法语。

(2)few / little 若不与a 连用则表示否定意义,相当于not many / much, not enough。

例如：

I have very few (chocolates) left. 我剩下不多的巧克力。

Few (children) were tired. 很少的学生累了。

I have very little (money) left. 我有为数不多的钱剩下。

I understood little of his speech. 他的演讲我懂一点点。

要注意，quite a few, a good few. not a few不表示"少"，而表示"相当多"的含义，

相当于, a fair number (of)。例如：

Quite a few of us are getting worried. 我们相当多的人正在担心。

You'll have to wait a good few weeks. 你将不得不等上相当多个星期。

little 的比较级和最高级是less 和least, 通常只能用与不可数名词搭配，但在当

代英语中也有用less与复数搭配的。例如：

If only there were less holes in the roof. 如果房顶仅是少量洞。

但这只见于非正式主体；在正式主体中仍用fewer较少，为好。

词组： not a few = no few = quite a few = a good few = many

（3）当 few受 every, last, past, next, some, very等词所修饰时，表示肯定意义，

few之前不再有冠词。如：（同（2））

In the last few minutes, he checked up his paper again.

It took us some few days to repair the machine.

A great deal of 用法详解

a great deal可单独使用，也可以用在形容词或副词的比较级前，表示“大量；许

多”；而a great deal of只能用在不可数名词前，表示“大量的”。如：

We learned a great deal from them.

我们从他们那里学到很多东西。

He ran a great deal faster than I. 他跑得比我快多了。

He has given me a great deal of help. 他给了我很多帮助。

[拓展] 英语中有很多短语表示“大量；许多”，根据性质可分为以下三类：

★ 修饰可数名词的有：a good / great many, a large / great number of, scores of等，

谓语动词用复数形式。如：

A great / good many words and expressions have come into the language from

American English.

这门语言吸收了美国英语中的许多单词和短语。

There were scores of boxes, all waiting to be checked and loaded. 大批的箱子等着

检验后装运。

★ 修饰不可数名词的有：a large amount of等，谓语动词用单数形式。如：

He has spent a large amount of money on his new house.

他在新房子上花费了许多钱。

★ 既能修饰可数名词，又能修饰不可数名词的有：a lot of, lots of, plenty of等，

谓语动词根据被修饰的名词是可数还是不可数来决定单复数形式。如：

There are a lot of / lots of people in that room.

那个房间里有许多人。

There’s a lot of / lots of rice in the bag.

那只口袋里有许多大米。

There are plenty of eggs in the fridge.

冰箱里有足够的鸡蛋。

Don’t worry about it. We have plenty of time.

不要着急，我们有充裕的时间。

英语中的“许多，大量”重点词汇

表示数量的：

一、英语中表示“许多”的词组很多，按其用法可以分为以下三类：

1、修饰可名词：many、a number of、 a few、many a、several等。many a 的意

思相当于many , 但many a 后边接可数名词单数，如：

Many a student has such a question.许多同学有这样的疑问。

A number of students have passed the exam.许多学生都通过了考试。

Several days ago, I met him in the park.几天前我在公园里遇到了他。

2、修饰不可数名词：much、a great deal of、a large amount of等。

We can get a great deal of(a large amount of) information from internet.

我们可以从互联网上获得大量信息。

3、既可修饰可数名词,也可修饰不可数名词：a lot of (lots of ); plenty of; a large

quantity of 等。

Plenty of the water is polluted.许多水都被污染了。

Plenty of the rivers are polluted.许多河都被污染了。

a number of 与the number of的区别：

a number of 相当于some，a few； a great/large number of相当于many，quite a

few；the number of指的是“…的数量” 如：

The number of the students in our school is 5，000.

我们学校学生的数量是5000人。

A number of students have passed the exam.许多学生都通过了考试。

还有：

1.a good/great deal of+不可数 v单三

a large/small sum of money v单三

large/small sums of money v单三

a large/small amount of 不可数 v单三

large/small amounts of 不可数 v单三

2.a number of 名词复数 v复数

numbers of 名词复数 v复数

the number of 名词复数 v单三

a good/great many +名词复数 v单三

a good/great many of +the/these/those/one's+名词复数 v单三

3.a variety of 名词复数 /不可数名词 v单三

a supply of 名词复数 /不可数名词 v单三

a quantity of 名词复数 /不可数名词 v单三

a mass of 名词复数 /不可数名词 v单三

a measure of 名词复数 /不可数名词 v单三

measures of 名词复数 /不可数名词 v复数

masses of 名词复数 /不可数名词 v复数

supplies of 名词复数 /不可数名词 v复数

quantities of 名词复数 /不可数名词 v复数

varieties of 名词复数 /不可数名词 v复数

plenty of 名词复数 v复数

plenty of 不可数名词 v单三

表示程度的就很多了，一般形容词和副词都可以表示程度。

如：He is a good student!他是一个好学生（形容词表示程度的）

He listens to the teacher carefully!他认真的听老师上课！（副词表程度的）

[小试] 从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

1. They spent ______ money on the new hospital.

A. a great deal B. a good deal of

C. a great many D. a large number of

2. He possesses ______ books.

A. plenty of B. very much

C. a great deal of D. an amount of

Key: 1. B 2. A