2024年3月24日发(作者：iphone11pro max)

中西方餐具文化对比研究以筷子和刀叉为例 _英语论文

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中西方餐具文化对比研究以筷子和刀

叉为例 _英语论文

摘 要随着国际交流的不断发展，中西方之间的差异日趋明显。在双方的互动

交流中，两种文化互相渗透但又各不相同。餐具作为文化中重要的一部分，即被文

化所影响，同时也反映出了中西方文化的不同。筷子和刀叉是最具东西方饮食文化

代表性的两种餐具，因此，比较了解这两种餐具的外在差异和文化内涵，对于更好

地进行国际交流具有重要的现实意义。本文从起源，造型设计和使用规则这三个方

面出发，对筷子和刀叉做出系统的比较研究。在此基础上，对两者各自体现的不同

东西方文化差异进行深层次地探讨，并寻找其融合点。8913

关键词: 餐具,起源,造型设计,使用规则,中西文化

Abstract With the development of international

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communication, the differences between China and West become more

and more obvious. In the interaction between the two sides, these two

cultures related to each other but not the same. Tableware, as an

important part of culture, is affected by culture; meanwhile, it

reflects the differences among different cultures. Chopsticks and knives

and forks are the two tableware best reflecting eastern and western

dietary cultures, therefore, a systematical study on both external and

internal differences of them have great influence on better

international exchanges. This article aims to have a comparative

research on chopsticks and knives and forks in terms of the origins,

designs and rules for using, based on which, a deep analysis will be

made on the cultural differences between the east and west.

Key words: tableware; origins; designs; rules for using; China and

Western culture

A Contrastive Analysis of Chinese and Western

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Tableware Culture: Taking Chopsticks and Knives and Forks

Contents

摘 要i

Abstractii

I. Introduction1

II. Different Cultures and Different Origins2

On the basis of the existing studies, this article will make deep

analysis of different stories about origins, the influences of perse

cultural elements on the external designsand different using rules and

taboos of both chopsticks and knives and forks. Besides, special

attention will be paid to the study of the different cultural influences

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on the two kinds of tableware. Through systematically analyzing and

summarizing the information, the fundamental cultural differences

between China and West will be figured out in the article.

II. Different Cultures and Different Origins

2.1 The Origin of Chopsticks as the Representative of Eastern

Tableware

There are many fork tales and stories concerning the origin of

chopsticks whose truthfulness actually has not been proved. The two

stories below are related to the origin of chopsticks.

It was said that Jiang Ziya, a well-known strategist and politician

in the Shang Dynasty, used two bamboo sticks which was offered by a bird

that can speak, to pick up the meat provided by his wife, and as a

result, Jiang found that the meat was be practical, this

story seemed to be a tale or a legend in most cases for the following

reasons: firstly, it was unbelievable that the bird was able to

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speak; secondly, it sounded unreasonable that the bamboo sticks

could be used to identify poison. Consequently, the story turns out to

be unreal.

There is another story referring the origin of chopsticks. It was

said that Yu the Great, who was the legendary founder of the Xia Dynasty,

firstly used two small branches to pick up hot meat, and from then on

the use of chopsticks was passed down (Long & Jiao 18). This story

seems to much more conform to the law of social development than the

former story of Jiang, for the reason that the original purpose for Yu

to use chopsticks is relatively easier to be accepted by people nowadays.

Nevertheless, Yu the Great lived about more than four thousand years ago,

when there were no words to record the story in the written form.

Therefore, the truthfulness of this story is also susceptible. Picking

up the hot food partially contributes to the appearance of chopsticks,

yet Yu the Great is not necessarily the inventor. This legend contains a

sense of exaggeration and imagination.

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Some people may doubt that this conclusion is quite similar to the

legend of Yu the Great. Actually, Yu the Great was the founder of the

Xia Dynasty, the first Dynasty in the Chinese history which symbolized

the end of the ancient times. Hence, according to the conclusion in the

former paragraph, chopsticks most probably had appeared before the Xia

Dynasty, but not until the foundation of the Xia Dynasty was the use of

chopsticks commonly realized by the public because of better

communications and understandings.

2.2 The Origins of Knives and Forks as the

Representative of Western Tableware

The information that can be found on the origins of knives and forks

is much less than that of chopsticks. As to the knives, it was recorded

in Renaat’s paper that 1.5 billion years ago, humans began to

regard knives made

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of stone as a tool to cut off the baked meat as well as to protect

themselves from dangers (Morel 42). It was also marked that, in early

times only knives made of stone and bone were used not only as dinning

utensils but also as tools to cut off the fresh mutton and beef before

cooking (Cai 58). From the above records it can be concluded that people

commonly believe that knives are invented long before. People may

imagine that in the ancient times, even before the appearance of fire,

it was of enormous difficulty for humans to eat fresh meat without any

tools. Therefore, knives were crucial to people’s life at that

time. Owing to the shortage of written records, it was hard to exactly

figure out when knives were invented. Nevertheless, what can be ensured

was that knives were firstly used as either weapons or tableware. In

later time, because of the development of human’s civilizations,

people began to invent kinds of knives respectively for the use of

eating and fighting.

It is widely thought that the invention of forks is later than that

of knives, which is relatively believable, for that

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forks depend on knives. To be specific, if there were no knives

cutting off the food, forks could not have been used to pick up the

sliced food. Hence forks were invented after the use of knives.

Considering the origin of forks, it was marked that in about the

eleventh century, a princess in the country of Byzantium ever used forks

to pick up the sticky candies, which was regarded as the earliest record

about forks (Qiu 39). Although there were no specific records on the

forks before the eleventh century, it could not be definitely concluded

that forks originated from the country of Byzantium in eleventh century.

It can only be concluded that forks may appear at least before the

eleventh century.