2024年1月4日发(作者：坚果锤子官网)

气象常用专业英语词汇

气象常用专业英语词汇

主题词表pressure gradient 气压梯度

English Chinese barometric height formula 压高公式

01. 大气pressure gradient force 气压梯度力

atmospheric science 大气科学Coriolis force 科里奥利力

meteorology 气象学water vapor 水[蒸]汽

atmosphere 大气water vapor pressure 水汽压

atmospheric impurity 大气杂质humidity 湿度

atmospheric suspended matter 大气悬浮物relative humidity

相对湿度atmospheric composition 大气成分absolute humidity 绝对湿度

atmospheric mass 大气质量specific humidity 比湿

atmospheric density 大气密度mixing ratio 混合比

atmospheric subdivision 大气分层dew point [temperature] 露点(温度) homosphere 均质层depression of the dew point （温度）露点差

heterosphere 非均质层super-saturated air 过饱和空气

standard [pressure] level 标准层saturation specific humidity

饱和比湿isothermal layer 等温层saturation vapor pressure 饱和水汽压

lower atmosphere 低层大气saturation deficit 饱和差

middle atmosphere 中层大气cloud 云

upper atmosphere 高层大气low cloud 低云

troposphere 对流层middle cloud 中云

tropopause 对流层顶high cloud 高云

stratosphere 平流层cloud amount 云量

stratopause 平流层顶cloud height 云高

mesosphere 中间层cloud genera 云属

mesopause 中间层顶cloud etage 云族

thermosphere 热层cloud species 云种

exosphere 外[逸]层cloud variety 云类

ionosphere 电离层cloud form 云状

magnetosphere 磁层cirrus, Ci 卷云

ozonosphere 臭氧层cirrostratus, Cs 卷层云

free atmosphere 自由大气cirrocumulus, Cc 卷积云

planetary atmosphere 行星大气altocumulus, Ac 高积云

standard atmosphere(reference atmosphere) 标准大气（参考altostratus, As 高层云大气）cumulus, Cu 积云

homogeneous atmosphere 均质大气cumulus humilis, Cu

hum 淡积云isothermal atmosphere 等温大气cumulus congestus,

Cu con 浓积云

polytropic atmosphere 多元大气cumulonimbus, Cb 积雨云

scale height 大气标高cumulus fractus, Cu fra 碎积云

meteorological element 气象要素stratocumulus, Sc 层积云

air temperature 气温stratus, St 层云

wet-bulb temperature 湿球温度nimbostratus, Ns 雨层云

dry-bulb temperature 干球温度stratiform cloud 层状云

atmospheric pressure 气压cumuliform cloud 积状云

standard atmosphere pressure 标准大气压cold cloud 冷云

station pressure 本站气压warm cloud 暖云

sea-level pressure 海平面气压ice cloud 冰云

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气象常用专业英语词汇

wind 风precipitation intensity 降水强度

showery precipitation 阵性降水wind direction 风向

convective precipitation 对流性降水wind speed, wind velocity

风速

orographic precipitation 地形降水maximum wind speed 最大风速rain 极大风速雨extreme wind speed

rain drop 雨滴wind speed profile 风速廓线

rain shadow 雨影wind force 风力

glaze 雨凇wind force scale 风级rain day Beaufort [wind] scale

蒲福风级雨日

rainfall [amount] 级风calm 0 雨量

continuous precipitation 连续性降水light air 1级风

intermittent precipitation 间歇性降水light breeze 2级风

showery rain gentle breeze 3级风阵雨freezing rain 冻雨moderate breeze 4级风

drizzle 毛毛雨fresh breeze 5级风light rain 小雨strong breeze

6级风

moderate rain 中雨near gale 7级风

大雨heavy rain 级风gale 8

暴雨torrential rain strong gale 9级风地方性降水local

precipitation storm 10级风

地形雨violent storm 11级风orographic rain

级风hurricane 12 风暴storm

gust 阵风暴尘]sandstorm, duststorm 沙[ local wind 雹暴hail

storm 地方性风

霾haze surface wind 地面风

浮尘焚风foehn dust

mountain-valley breeze 山谷风dew 露

frost 霜海陆风sea-land breeze

向岸风frost point 霜点on-shore wind

off-shore wind first frost 初霜离岸风

latest frost gorge wind 峡谷风终霜龙卷主导风向predominant

wind direction tornado

dust devil 尘卷风盛行风prevailing wind

snow wind pressure 风压雪wind energy sleet 雨夹雪风能

wind energy resources 风能资源showery snow 阵雪[风能玫瑰wind energy rose snow crystal 雪晶图]

能见度visibility 雪花snowflake

晴天clear sky 米雪snow grains

partly cloudy 少云雪暴snowstorm

多云cloudy snow cover 积雪阴天overcast snowfall [amount]

雪量blue of the sky 天空蓝度雪深snow depth

雪日snow day 天空状况sky condition

icing 降水precipitation 积冰降水量amount of precipitation 冰雹hail

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气象常用专业英语词汇

thunder 雷thermometer 温度表

telethermometer 遥测温度表thunderstorm 雷暴

thermograph 温度计thunder shower 雷阵雨

geothermometer 地温表geothermometer 雾地面温度表fog

angle geothermometer 曲管地温表mist 轻雾

tube-typed geothermometer 直管地温表wet fog 湿雾

maximum thermometer 最高温度表sea fog 海雾minimum

thermometer ice fog 冰雾最低温度表

mercury thermometer 锋面雾frontal fog 水银温度表

Lyman-αadvection fog 平流雾hygrometer 莱曼-α湿度表

bimetallic thermograph radiation fog 辐射雾双金属片温度计

barograph 平流辐射雾气压计advection-radiation fog

aneroid barograph 空盒气压计mixing fog 混合雾

lightning 闪电surface

mountain barograph evaporation fog 蒸发雾高山气压计

barometer 气压表supercooled fog 过冷却雾

aneroid barometer 空盒气压表ground fog 地面雾

ship-barometer 船用气压表上坡雾upslope fog

mountain barometer air-mass fog 气团雾高山气压表

pressure altimeter 气压测高表tropical air fog 热带气团雾

normal barometer 雾凇标准气压表rime

mercury barometer graupel 水银气压表霰

Fortin barometer 福丁气压表percentage of sunshine 日照百分率Kew pattern barometer 寇乌气压表日照时数sunshine

duration

hygrograph 湿度计duration of possible sunshine 可照时数

hygrometer 湿度表

psychrometer 02. 大气探测干湿表

aspirated psychrometer 通风干湿表atmospheric sounding

and observing 大气探测

Assmann psychrometer 阿斯曼干湿表气象观测meteorological

observation

dew-point hygrometer 露点湿度表surface observation 地面观测

hair hygrometer 毛发湿度表目测visual observation

hair hygrograph 毛发湿度计本底污染观测background

pollution observation

黑白球温度表black and white bulb thermometer field

observation 外场观测气压温度计常规观测conventional

observation barothermograph

sounding 干球温度表探空dry-bulb thermometer

高空观测upper air observation 湿球温度表wet-bulb

thermometer

aircraft sounding 飞机探测日照计sunshine recorder

Jordan sunshine recorder 火箭探测rocket sounding 乔唐日照计无线电探空radio sounding -司托克日照计Campbell-Stokes

sunshine recorder 康培尔地面资料surface data 直接辐射表pyrheliometer

upper air data 高空资料pyranometer 总辐射表observation

site sky radiometer diffusometer 观测场天空辐射表meteorological platform 气象观测平台反照率表albedometer

净辐射表pyranometer 自动气象站automatic meteorological

station

evaporograph 气象仪器meteorological instrument 蒸发计百叶箱screen,instrument shelter 小型蒸发器evaporation pan

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气象常用专业英语词汇

evaporation tank 大型蒸发器coagulation 碰并

standard pan 标准蒸发器ice crystal 冰晶

ceiling projector 云幂灯ice point 冰点

visibility meter,visiometer 能见度表condensation 凝结

raingauge 雨量器evaporation 蒸发

pluviograph,recording raingauge 雨量计solidification 凝固

accumulative raingauge 累计雨量器deposition 凝华

tilting bucket raingauge 翻斗[式]雨量计sublimation 升华

electric conductivity raingauge 水导[式]雨量计freezing 冻结

siphon rainfall recorder 虹吸[式]雨量计condensation nucleus

凝结核

salt nucleus 雨强计盐核rainfall intensity recorder

weather modification 人工影响天气telemetering pluviograph

遥测雨量计

cloud dissipation 消云wind vane 风向标

salt-seeding 盐粉播撒anemometer 风速表

frost prevention 防霜contact anemometer 电接风速表

artificial precipitation 人工降水转杯风速表cup anemometer

cloud cluster 云团式]风速表propeller anemometer 螺旋桨[tropical cloud cluster 热带云团anemorumbometer 风向风速表

cloud system 云系anemograph 风速计

comma cloud system 逗点云系气象火箭meteorological rocket

banded cloud system 带状云系sounding rocket 探空火箭

vortex cloud system 涡旋云系weather radar 天气雷达

atmospheric radiation 大气辐射meteorological radar 气象雷达solar radiation lidar 激光雷达太阳辐射

solar constant 太阳常数[sodar, acoustic radar 声雷]达

outgoing long-wave radiation, OLR 向外长波辐射Doppler

radar 多普勒天气雷达visible light 可见光atmospheric remote

sensing 大气遥感

radiation balance 辐射平衡气象卫星meteorological satellite

global radiation 总辐射synoptic data 天气资料direct

radiation 直接辐射实时资料real time data effective radiation

radiation transfer equation 辐射传输方程有效辐射

scattered radiation 散射辐射大气传输模式atmospheric

transmission model

diffuse radiation 漫射辐射

sky radiation 天空辐射大气物理学03.

upward [tatal] radiation 向上[全学大气物理atmospheric

physics [] ]辐射

downward [total] radiation 向下[全cloud physics 云物理学]辐射

incoming radiation 平流advection 入射辐射

albedo of the earth-atmosphere system convection 对流地气系统反照率

albedo of underlying surface aerosol 下垫面反照率气溶胶

atmospheric

distribution

counter radiation cloud droplet-size

distribution 大气逆辐射云滴谱radiance 辐射率雨滴谱raindrop size

albedo 反照率fog-drop 雾滴

planetary temperature 云滴cloud droplet 行星温度

atmospheric window 大气窗过冷云滴supercooled cloud

droplet

[atmospheric] absorptivity [大气滴谱drop spectrum ]吸收率

primary scattering 一次散射碰撞collision

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气象常用专业英语词汇

Mie scattering 米散射smog aerosol 烟雾气溶胶

multiple scattering 多次散射ash cloud 烟灰云

Rayleigh scattering 瑞利散射smog 烟雾

sky brightness, sky luminance 天空亮度smoke screen 烟幕

atmospheric optical thickness, atmospheric optical depth 大acid rain 酸雨

气光学厚度smoke 烟

smoke plume 透明度烟羽[atmospheric] transparency [大气]plume rise 烟羽抬升atmospheric optical phenomena 大气光学现象

fallout 沉降物atmospheric turbidity 大气浑浊度

mirage 蜃景05. 动力气象学曙暮光twilight

dynamic meteorology 南极光动力气象学aurora australis

atmospheric thermodynamics 大气热力学aurora borealis 北极光

sensible heat 感热halo 晕

latent heat 潜热46°halo 46度晕

reversible adiabatic process 可逆绝热过程度晕halo 2222°

irreversible adiabatic process 日晕solar halo 不可逆绝热过程

moisture inversion 月晕逆湿lunar halo

thermodynamic equation 热力学方程solar corona 日华

temperature inversion 逆温lunar corona 月华turbulence

inversion rainbow 湍流逆温虹surface inversion 地面逆温secondary rainbow 霓radiation inversion 辐射逆温corona 华capping inversion 覆盖逆温twilight colors 霞

subsidence inversion 下沉逆温极光aurora

frontal inversion 锋面逆温环] [glory 宝光inversion layer 磁暴magnetic storm 逆温层temperature gradient 温度梯度

temperature advection 温度平流大气化学04.

adiabatic ascending atmospheric chemistry 绝热上升大气化学

adiabatic sinking atmospheric photolysis 大气光解作用绝热下沉

adiabatic cooling 绝热冷却大气臭氧atmospheric ozone

adiabatic heating 绝热增温atmospheric trace gas 大气痕量气体pseudo-adiabatic process 假绝热过程光化反应photochemical

reaction

diabatic process 光化烟雾非绝热过程photochemical smog

convective condensation level, CCL 对流凝结高度降水化学precipitation chemistry

混合凝结高度mixing condensation level ] [atmospheric

background 大气本底值temperature lapse rate 大气污染atmospheric pollution 气温直减率dry adiabatic lapse rate air

pollution 空气污染

干绝热直减率原生污染物primary pollutant 湿绝热直减率moist

adiabatic lapse rate secondary pollutant 次生污染物凝结高度condensation level, CL

虚温virtual temperature 大气净化atmospheric cleaning

dry adiabatic process 飘尘floating dust 干绝热过程降尘

dustfall 湿绝热过程moist adiabatic process

温室气体位温potential temperature greenhouse gasses

运动方程大气污染物atmospheric pollutant equation of

motion

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气象常用专业英语词汇

continuity equation 连续方程southern branch jet stream 南支急流

basic flow 基本气流equation of state 状态方程

subtropical jet stream 副热带急流vorticity equation 涡度方程

axis of jet stream 急流轴divergence equation 散度方程warm

advection hydrostatic equation 流体静力方程暖平流

cold advection 冷平流ω-equation ω方程

upward flow 上升气流perturbation equation 扰动方程

downward flow 下沉气流thermal wind equation 热成风方程geostrophic motion advective equation 平流方程地转运动

quasi-geostrophic motion balance equation 平衡方程准地转运动

Ekman layer 埃克曼层baroclinic process 斜压过程

Ekman spiral 埃克曼螺线geostrophic adjustment 地转适应

atmospheric circulation 大气环流有效位能available potential

energy

meridional circulation 经向环流geopotential meter 位势米

zonal circulation 纬向环流geopotential height 位势高度Hadley cell 哈得来环流inertial instability 惯性不稳定

Walker cell 沃克环流自由对流高度free convection level

direct circulation 直接环流][atmospheric] stability [大气稳定度

indirect circulation 间接环流[静力稳定度static stability 圈]

trade-wind circulation 绝对稳定信风环流absolute stability

circulation cell absolute instability 环流圈绝对不稳定

local circulation 局地环流neutral stability 中性稳定

three-cell [meridional] circulation 三圈经向环流不稳定性条件conditional instability []circulation index barotropic instability 正压不稳定环流指数

high index 高指数斜压不稳定baroclinic instability

low index 低指数潜在不稳定latent instability

index cycle 位涡守恒conservation of potential vorticity 指数循环

circulation theorem 坐标z-coordinate z 环流定理Kelvin's

theorem of circulation 开尔文环流定理p-coordinate p坐标σBjerknes circulation theorem -coordinate σ坐标皮叶克尼斯环流定理-coordinate θ位温坐标越赤道气流cross-equatorial flow

辐合convergence 大气活动中心atmospheric center of action

尺度分析divergence 辐散scaling

天气尺度synoptic scale 散度divergence

行星尺度planetary scale 水平散度horizontal divergence

中尺度meso scale 涡度vorticity

罗斯贝波mesoscale model 中尺度模式Rossby wave

general circulation model, GCM 大气环流模式定常波stationary wave

旋衡风cyclostrophic wind 正压模式barotropic model

gradient wind 梯度风斜压模式baroclinic model

热成风thermal wind

veering wind 顺转风地转风geostrophic wind 天气学06.

antitriptic wind 天气学synoptic meteorology 摩擦风天气weather jet stream 急流北支急流northern branch jet stream 天气图synoptic chart

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气象常用专业英语词汇

weather symbol 天气符号cold trough 冷槽

barb 风速羽long-wave trough 长波槽

wind shaft 风矢杆East Asia major trough 东亚大槽

wind arrow 风矢cyclone 气旋

present weather 现在天气cyclonic circulation 气旋性环流

past weather 过去天气cyclonic shear 气旋性切变

upper air chart 高空[天气]图extratropical cyclone 温带气旋

surface chart 地面[天气]图cyclone family 气旋族

isobaric surface 等压面occluded cyclone 锢囚气旋

standard isobaric surface, mandatory level 标准等压面cyclogenesis 气旋生成

contour chart 等压面图cyclolysis 气旋消散

cold vortex 雨量图冷涡rainfall chart

warm vortex isoline 等值线暖涡

permanent depression 等温线永久性低压isotherm

semi-permanent depression 半永久性低压isodrosotherm 等露点线

Aleutian low 阿留申低压等变温线isallotherm

Icelandic low 冰岛低压isobar 等压线

Changjiang-Huaihe cyclone 地形等压线topographic isobar 江淮气旋

Changjiang-Huaihe shear line 江淮切变线isallobar 等变压线

South China Sea depression 南海低压等高线contour line

Mongolian low shear line 切变线蒙古低压

Northeast China low 东北低压squall line 飑线mid-tropospheric cyclone pressure field 气压场对流层中层气旋

涡低风场]Southwest China vortex 西南[wind field

allobaric field 变压场压气]high pressure 高[ 冷高压cold high

正变压中心anallobaric center katallobaric center 负变压中心warm

high 暖高压ridge humidity field 湿度场高压脊ridge line 脊线wet

tongue 湿舌warm ridge 暖脊干舌dry tongue

dry line 干线col pressure field 鞍形气压场温度场temperature

field 高压坝high pressure barrier

变形场cold tongue 冷舌deformation field

反气旋anticyclone 暖舌warm tongue

反气旋环流pressure system 气压系统anticyclonic circulation