2024年5月3日发(作者：)

上海英语模拟试卷3

纸笔考试

I. Grammar and Vocabulary

Section A

Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage

coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each

blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that

best fits each blank.

Norway's new law on edited photos

A new law has been put into effect in Norway recently. The law makes it illegal

for advertisers and social media influencers to share promotional photos online

without disclosing whether the images (1) ________ (alter). It modifies the 2009

Marketing and Control Act and sets to go into effect when the King of Norway

decides it (2) ________. The law concerns advertisers and people (3) ________

receive "payment or other benefit" in exchange for their posts. It will impact "brands,

companies, and influencers' sponsored posts,” and concerns posts on all social media

sites.

The new law requires disclosures for edits that are made (4) ________ the image

is taken and before. Examples of edits that people who are being paid for pictures are

required to label include "enlarged lips, narrowed waists, and exaggerated muscles,"

among other things.

Body pressure in Norway, is a major topic of conversation in the country, the

Ministry of Children and Family Affairs said in its report. "Young people are exposed

to a massive pressure to look good through advertising and social media, and the

models (5) ________ (display) are often digitally retouched, which exposes young

people to an ideal of beauty that is impossible (6) ________ (achieve)?"

By (7)________(prohibit) advertisers and influencers from posting such photos

without proper documentation with a government-authorized stamp, the Ministry said

it hopes to lessen the negative impacts of body pressure(8)________ young people. "It

is especially important to prevent the desire to make more intrusive and long-lasting

changes in one's own look," the Ministry said.

Some of Norway's top influencers have thought positively about the new law,

“Young people today (9) ________(grow) up to a completely improbable beauty

ideal," Husebye, who was awarded "Influencer of the Year”，said "I feel that the new

law can only help them to understand that this is not (10)________ you look, but it

has been edited.”

Section B

Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word

can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

A. breakthroughs B. consequently C. fiction D. historically

E. human-caused F. long-standing G. picture H. reveal

I. unaffected J. understanding K. unrecognized

A New Dark Age Possibility

Imagine a future in which humanity's wisdom about Earth-our vast experience

with weather trends, fish migration patterns and much more—turns out-of-date.

Civilization enters a dark age in its ____11_____ of our planet.

To comprehend how this could occur, _____12_____ yourself in our

grandchildren's time. Significant global warming has occurred, as scientists predicted.

Nature's _____13_____ patterns~relied on for millennia by humanity to plan

everything一are no longer so reliable. Cycles that have been largely repeatable are

disrupted(打乱)by dramatic climate changes.

As Earth's warming becomes stable, new patterns begin to appear. At first, they

are hard to identify. These new patterns need many years—sometimes decades~to

_____14 _____ themselves fully. Until then, farmers will struggle to predict new

seasonal patterns and regularly plant wrong crops. Early signs of major disasters will

go _____15_____ . Disruptive impacts will be widespread.

Such a dark age is a growing possibility. In a recent report, scientists concluded

that _____16_____ global warming was already changing patterns of some extreme

weather events.

Our foundation of Earth knowledge, largely obtained from _____17 _____

observed patterns, has been central to society's progress. Early cultures kept track of

nature's ebb and flow (起伏盛衰)，passing improved knowledge about Earth to each

new generation. Science has sped up this process through advanced observation

methods.

However, as Earth warms, our historical understanding will turn out-of-date

faster than we can replace it with new knowledge. Some patterns will change

significantly; others will be largely _____18_____ , though it will be difficult to say

what will change, by how much, and when.

Without big scientific_____19_____ , we will remain reliant on pattern-based

methods. The problem is, these patterns will become increasingly difficult to track.

Predicting extreme weather may become even tougher than it is today. We

_____20_____ will face huge challenges.

Our grandchildren could grow up knowing less about the planet than we do today.

This is not what we want to leave them, yet we are on the edge of ensuring this

happens.

II. Reading Comprehension

Section A

Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases

marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the

context.

"All puppies are cute," explains Clive Wynne, the head of Arizona State

University's canine(犬科的)-science laboratory. "But not all puppies are_____ 21

_____ cute.” Indeed, breeders have long found that puppies become their cutest selves

at the eight-week mark. And recent research indicates that peak puppy cuteness serves

important purposes—and might play a fundamental role in _____22_____ dog and

owner together.

In a study published this spring, Wynne and his colleagues sought to pin down,

scientifically, the _____23_____ of puppy cuteness. Their finding largely _____24

_____ that of breeders: People always rated dogs most attractive when they were six

to eight weeks old. This age, Wynne says, _____25_____ a crucial developmental

milestone: Mother dogs stop nursing their young around the eighth week, after which

pups rely on humans for _____26 _____. (Puppies without human caretakers face

death rates of up to 95 percent in their first year of life.）Peak cuteness, then, is no

accident—at exactly the moment when our care matters most, puppies become

_____27_____ to us.

It doesn't 28 that humans seem to have a preference for cute things. Research

dating back to the 1940s shows that virtually any creature with babylike features is

capable of drawing our _____29_____. But canine cuteness is uniquely

human-directed, and its strategic deployment （部署）is not limited to puppies. In a

2017 study of dogs aged one to 12, psychologists in the United Kingdom showed that

people's pets were significantly more likely to raise their brows and stick out their

tongue when humans were looking at them, which lends grown canines a puppyish

air.

Born blind and basically deaf puppies aren't _____30_____ in their first weeks

of life, and Wynne notes that many people find animals in this stage unappealing. A

recent study focused on humans showed that, _____31 _____six-week-old puppies,

six-month-old babies are seen as significantly cuter than newborns.

Which brings us to the final purpose of peak cuteness: to make up for newborn

_____32_____ . As the psychologists Gary Sherman and Jonathan Haidt have

proposed, the delayed beginning of cuteness in human babies offers benefits far

beyond kicking our _____33_____ instinct into overdrive—it also leads to a flood of

social interactions, such as petting, playing, and baby-talking. These _____34_____

are developmentally crucial to puppies as well, but they can't be carried out very

effectively with the extremely _____35_____ . And so “one is not born cute,"

Sherman and Haidt conclude. “One becomes cute?"

21. A. randomly B. internally C. sociably D. equally

22. A. binding

23. A. degree

24. A. varied

25. A. passes down

26. A. success

27. A. essential

28. A. hurt

29. A. affection

30. A. helpless

31. A. contrary to

of

32. A. assistance

33. A. defending

34. A. instincts

35. A. weak

Section B

B. exhibiting

B. timeline

B. reminded

B. coincides with

B. information

B. irresistible

B. help

B. courage

B. mysterious

B. regardless of

C. locating

C. study

C. matched

C. sets up

C. survival

C. familiar

C. mean

C. conclusion

C. silent

C. similar to

D. protecting

D. result

D. adjusted

D. reaches for

D. relaxation

D. unknown

D. matter

D. direction

D. interactive

D. independent

B. ugliness

B. competing

B. delays

B. old

C. appeal

C. developing

C. purposes

C. young

D. size

D. caretaking

D. acts

D strong

Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several

questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A,

B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the

passage you have just read.

（A）

Glass is a remarkable substance made from the simplest raw materials. It can be

colored or colorless. It is lightweight, readily cleaned and reused, durable yet fragile,

and often very beautiful Glass can be decorated in multiple ways and its optical(光学

的)properties are exceptional. In all its various forms—as tableware, containers, in

architecture and design—glass represents a major achievement in the history of

technological developments.

Since the Bronze Age about 3,000 B.C., glass has been used for making various

kinds of objects. It was first made from a mixture of silica, an alkali such as soda, and

etc, and these remained the basic ingredients of glass until the development of lead

(铅)glass in the seventeenth century. When heated, the mixture becomes soft and

malleable (可延展的)and can be formed by various techniques into a variety of

shapes and sizes. The mass thus formed by melting then cools to create glass, but in

contrast to most materials formed in this way(metals, for instance), glass lacks the

crystalline structure normally associated with solids, and instead maintains the

random molecular structure of a liquid. In effect, as molten glass cools, it

progressively stiffens, but does so without setting up a network of interlocking

crystals customarily associated with that process. This is why glass breaks so easily.

Another unusual feature of glass is the manner in which its viscosity (粘

度)changes as it turns from a cold substance into a hot liquid. Unlike metals that flow

or “freeze" at specific temperatures glass progressively softens as the temperature

rises, going through varying stages of malleability until it flows like a thick liquid.

Each stage of malleability allows the glass to be made into various forms, by different

techniques, and if suddenly cooled the object keeps the shape achieved at that point.

Glass can thus be processed with a greater number of heat-forming techniques than

most other materials.

does the author list the characteristics of glass in the first paragraph?

show that glass is multipurpose.

demonstrate how glass evolved.

explain glassmaking technology.

explain the use of each ingredient of glass.

ing to the passage, how is glass that has cooled and become solid different

from most other solid substances?

has varying physical features.

has a random molecular structure.

has an interlocking crystal network.

has an unusually low melting temperature.

pronoun "it" in the fourth line of the last paragraph refers to _______.

e B. glass C. manner D. viscosity

ing to the passage, why can glass be more easily shaped into specific forms

than can metal?

has better optical properties.

resists breaking when heated.

stays hot while its viscosity changes.

gradually becomes softer as its temperature rises.

（B）

Before the 15009s, the western plains of North America were dominated by

farmers. One group, the Mandans, lived in the upper Missouri River country,

primarily in present-day North Dakota. They had large villages of houses built close

together. The tight arrangement enabled the Mandans to protect themselves more

easily from the attacks of others who might seek to obtain some of the food these

highly capable farmers stored from one year to the next.

The women had primary responsibility for the fields. They had to exercise

considerable skill to produce the desired results, for their northern location meant

short growing seasons. Winter was often long; autumn could come together with

severe frost (霜冻).For good measure, during the spring and summer, drought, heat,

hail, grasshoppers, and other frustrations might await the grower.

Under such conditions, Mandan women had to grow maize, which endured

terrible weather. They began as early as it appeared feasible to do so in the spring,

clearing the land, using fire to clear the fields and then planting. From this point until

the first green com could be harvested, the crop required labor and care.

Harvesting proceeded in two stages. In August the Mandans picked a smaller

amount of the crop before it had matured fully. This green com was boiled, dried, and

shelled, with some of the maize processed for immediate consumption and the rest

stored in animal-skin bags. Later in the fell, the people picked com. They saved the

best of the harvest for seeds or for trade, with the remainder eaten right away or stored

for later use in underground reserves. With appropriate banking of the extra food, the

Mandans protected themselves against the disaster of crop failure and accompanying