2024年4月20日发(作者：)

+ plus 加号；正号

- minus 减号；负号

± plus or minus 正负号

× is multiplied by 乘号

÷ is divided by 除号

＝ is equal to 等于号

≠ is not equal to 不等于号

≡ is equivalent to 全等于号

≌ is equal to or approximately equal to

≈ is approximately equal to 约等于号

＜ is less than 小于号

＞ is more than 大于号

is not less than 不小于号

等于或约等于号

is not more than 不大于号

≤ is less than or equal to 小于或等于号

≥ is more than or equal to 大于或等于号

% per cent 百分之…

‰ per mill 千分之…

∞ infinity 无限大号

∝ varies as 与…成比例

√ (square) root 平方根

∵ since; because 因为

∴ hence 所以

∷ equals, as (proportion)

∠ angle 角

⌒ semicircle 半圆

等于，成比例

⊙ circle 圆

○ circumference 圆周

π pi 圆周率

△ triangle 三角形

⊥ perpendicular to 垂直于

∪ union of 并，合集

∩ intersection of 交，通集

∫ the integral of …的积分

∑ (sigma) summation of 总和

° degree 度

′ minute 分

″ second 秒

℃ Celsius system 摄氏度

{ open brace, open curly 左花括号

} close brace, close curly 右花括号

( open parenthesis, open paren 左圆括号

) close parenthesis, close paren 右圆括号

() brackets/ parentheses 括号

[ open bracket 左方括号

] close bracket 右方括号

[] square brackets 方括号

. period, dot 句号，点

| vertical bar, vertical virgule 竖线

& amp; ampersand, and, reference, ref 和，引用

* asterisk, multiply, star, pointer 星号，乘号，星，指针

/ slash, divide, oblique 斜线，斜杠，除号

// slash-slash, comment 双斜线，注释符

# pound 井号

backslash, sometimes escape 反斜线转义符，有时表示转义符或续行符

~ tilde 波浪符

. full stop 句号

, comma 逗号

: colon 冒号

; semicolon 分号

question mark 问号

! exclamation mark (英式英语) exclamation point (美式英语)

' apostrophe 撇号

- hyphen 连字号

-- dash 破折号

... dots/ ellipsis 省略号

" single quotation marks 单引号

"" double quotation marks 双引号

‖ parallel 双线号

～ swung dash 代字号

§ section; division 分节号

→ arrow 箭号；参见号

1. Logic

9 there exists

8 for all

p ) q p implies q / if p, then q

p , q p if and only if q /p is equivalent to q / p and q are equivalent

2. Sets

x 2 A x belongs to A / x is an element (or a member) of A

x =2 A x does not belong to A / x is not an element (or a member) of A

A ?B A is contained in B / A is a subset of B

A ?B A contains B / B is a subset of A

A B A cap B / A meet B / A intersection B

A [ B A cup B / A join B / A union B

A n B A minus B / the di?rence between A and B

A ?B A cross B / the cartesian product of A and B

3. Real numbers

x + 1 x plus one

x ?1 x minus one

x ?1 x plus or minus one

xy xy / x multiplied by y

(x ?y)(x + y) x minus y, x plus y

x

y

x over y

= the equals sign

x = 5 x equals 5 / x is equal to 5

x 6= 5 x (is) not equal to 5

1

x ?y x is equivalent to (or identical with) y

x 6?y x is not equivalent to (or identical with) y

x > y x is greater than y

x >=y x is greater than or equal to y

x < y x is less than y

x <=y x is less than or equal to y

0 < x < 1 zero is less than x is less than 1

0 ?x ?1 zero is less than or equal to x is less than or equal to 1

jxj mod x / modulus x

x^2 x squared / x (raised) to the power 2

x^3 x cubed

x^4 x to the fourth / x to the power four

x^n x to the nth / x to the power n

x☆ x to the (power) minus n

px (square) root x / the square root of x

3 px cube root (of) x

4 px fourth root (of) x

npx nth root (of) x

(x + y)2 x plus y all squared

厨

y ?

x over y all squared

n! n factorial

^x x hat

锅 x bar

~x x tilde

xi xi / x subscript i / x su兵 i / x sub i

n Xi=1

ai the sum from i equals one to n ai / the sum as i runs from 1 to n of the ai

4. Linear algebra

kxk the norm (or modulus) of x

! OA OA / vector OA

OA OA / the length of the segment OA

AT A transpose / the transpose of A

A? A inverse / the inverse of A

2

5. Functions

f(x) fx / f of x / the function f of x

f : S ! T a function f from S to T

x 7! y x maps to y / x is sent (or mapped) to y

f0(x) f prime x / f dash x / the (?st) derivative of f with respect to x

f00(x) f double{prime x / f double{dash x / the second derivative of f with

respect to x

f000(x) f triple{prime x / f triple{dash x / the third derivative of f with respect

to x

f(4)(x) f four x / the fourth derivative of f with respect to x

@f

@x1

the partial (derivative) of f with respect to x1

@2f

@x21

the second partial (derivative) of f with respect to x1

Z 1

0

the integral from zero to in?ity

lim

x!0

the limit as x approaches zero

lim

x!+0

the limit as x approaches zero from above

lim

x!?

the limit as x approaches zero from below

loge y log y to the base e / log to the base e of y / natural log (of) y

ln y log y to the base e / log to the base e of y / natural log (of) y

Individual mathematicians often have their own way of pronouncing

mathematical expressions

and in many cases there is no generally accepted correct" pronunciation.

Distinctions made in writing are often not made explicit in speech; thus the

sounds fx may

be interpreted as any of: fx, f(x), fx, FX, FX, ! FX . The di?rence is usually made

clear

by the context; it is only when confusion may occur, or where he/she wishes to

emphasise

the point, that the mathematician will use the longer forms: f multiplied by x,

the function

f of x, f subscript x, line FX, the length of the segment FX, vector FX.

Similarly, a mathematician is unlikely to make any distinction in speech (except

sometimes

a di?rence in intonation or length of pauses) between pairs such as the

following:

x + (y + z) and (x + y) + z

pax + b and pax + b

an ?1 and an?