2024年4月11日发(作者：)

汽车电子系统中英文对照外文翻译文献

汽车电子系统中英文对照外文翻译文献

汽车电子系统中英文对照外文翻译文献

(文档含英文原文和中文翻译)

The Changing Automotive Environment:

High-Temperature Electronics

R. Wayne Johnson, Fellow, IEEE, John L. Evans, Peter Jacobsen, James R. (Rick)

Thompson, and Mark Christopher

Abstract

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The underhood automotive environment is harsh and current trends

in the automotive electronics industry will be pushing the temperature

envelope for electronic components. The desire to place engine control units

on the engine and transmission control units either on or in the transmission

will push the ambient temperature above 125℃However, extreme cost

125

℃.

pressures,increasing reliability demands (10 year/241 350 km) and the cost

of field failures (recalls, liability, customer loyalty) will make the shift

to higher temperatures occur incrementally. The coolest spots on engine and

in the transmission will be used. These large bodies do provide considerable

heat sinking to reduce temperature rise due to power dissipation in the control

unit. The majority of near term applications will be at 150 ℃ or less and

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these will be worst case temperatures, not nominal. The transition to

X-by-wire technology, replacing mechanical and hydraulic systems with

electromechanical systems will require more power electronics. Integration

of power transistors and smart power devices into the electromechanical

actuator will require power devices to operate at 175 ℃ to 200 ℃ . Hybrid

electric vehicles and fuel cell vehicles will also drive the demand for higher

vehicles, the high temperature will be due to power dissipation. The

alternates to high-temperature devices are thermal management systems which

add weight and cost. Finally, the number of sensors in vehicles is increasing

as more electrically controlled systems are added. Many of these sensors must

work in high-temperature environments. The harshest applications are exhaust

temperature power electronics. In the case of hybrid electric and fuel cell

gas sensors and cylinder pressure or combustion sensors. High-temperature

electronics use in automotive systems will continue to grow, but it will be

gradual as cost and reliability issues are addressed. This paper examines the

motivation for higher temperature operation,the packaging limitations even

at 125 C with newer package styles and concludes with a review of challenge

beyond 125 ℃.

at both the semiconductor device and packaging level as temperatures push

Index Terms

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Automotive, extreme-environment electronics.

I. INTRODUCTION

I

N

1977, the average automobile contained $110 worth of electronics [1]. By

2003 the electronics content was $1510 per vehicle and is expected to reach

$2285 in 2013 [2].The turning point in automotive electronics was government

TABLE I

MAJOR AUTOMOTIVE ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS

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