2024年4月11日发(作者：)

高考必考语法精讲精练语法专题一名词

高考必考语法精讲精练语法专题一名词

语法专题一：名词

名词是英语中非常重要的一类词，也是高考必考内容之一。

《2021年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试大纲》附录语法项目表中对

名词考查列了四项：①可数名词及其单复数②不可数名词③专有名词

④名词所有格。纵观历年高考试题，试题中出现的考点主要有：可数

名词的单复数形式、名词的所有格的构成及应用、不可数名词的辨认、

名词的功能、名词辨义、名词与其他词类之间的转换等。

2015年高考全国卷Ⅰ第65题（语法填空）考查的是可数名词单

复数，括号里给出painting，结合题意要将其变成paintings；第77

题（短文改错）考查的是不可数名词air，原文给出的是airs，要求考

生将其改成air。而在完形填空中，有7题（总共20小题）是考查名

词词义以及对语境的理解。

2016年高考全国卷Ⅰ第61题（语法填空）考查的是词性转换，

括号里给出的是动词attract，根据题意要将其改成名词attraction；

第69题（语法填空）考查的是可数名词单复数，括号里给出day，结

合题意要将其变成复数形式days；第74题考查的是词性转换，题目

中给的是形容词honest，

根据题意需要将其改为名词honesty。而在完形填空中，有

4题（总共20小题）是考查名词词义以及对语境的理解。2017年

高考全国卷Ⅰ第62题（语法填空）考查的是可数名

词单复数，括号里给出effect，结合题意要将其变成effects，构

成side effects（副作用）；第75题（短文改错）考查

的是可数名词单复数，原句中给出的是word，结合题意要将其变

成words。而在完形填空中，有5题（总共20小题）是考查名词词义

以及对语境的理解。

I. 名词的种类：

II. 名词的数：1. 规则可数名词的复数形式：一般在单数

形式后面加-s或-es。现将构成方法列表如下：

2. 不规则可数名词复数：

III. 名词的所有格：名词在句中表示所有关系的语法形式

叫做名词所有格。所有格分三种：一是名词词尾加's构成，多表

示有生命的东西；二是由介词of加名词构成，多表示

无生命的东西；三是双重所有格。1. 's所有格的构成：

2. 's所有格的用法：

所有格的构成及用法：

of所有格是以"of+名词"构成的一种词组形式，主要用于表示无生

命东西的名词，表示所有关系。如:

the workshop of the factory 工厂的车间 the door of the room

房间的门

the legs of the chair 椅子腿 the cover of the book这本书的封

面表示有生命东西的名词，也可用of所有格表示所有关系，或者表示

主谓关系、动宾关系或事物的来源等。如:

the death of Stalin 斯大林的逝世 the arrival of the chairman

主席的到来 the laws of Newton 牛顿定律

4.双重所有格：

's所有格有时可以和of所有格结合在一起表示所有关系，这叫做"

双重所有格"。双重所有格的形式为：

1)of十名词所有格：a friend of my brother's.我弟弟的一位朋友；

a new design of Mr. Brown's.布朗先生的一项新设计

2)of+名词性物主代词：a friend of mine我的一位朋友；

a necklace of yours你的一条项链

IV. 名词的修饰语

可数名词和不可数名词各有其不同的修饰语，详见下表：

注意：some在表示 "某一"，any在表示"任何"时也可修饰可数名

词单数。this和that只能修饰可数名词单数和不可数名词，last，next，

the other和序数词只能修饰可数名词单数和复数。

★★★★★ 短文改错中常考的不可数名词有：water，advice，air，

work，time，homework，bread，milk，fun，information，

progress，practice，weather，news，wealth，voice，room（空

间）, knowledge等。

V.高考英语短文改错及语法填空考点分析及训练·名词

考点规律分析：短文改错的名词考点主要涉及名词的单复数问题，

即在该用复数的地方误用其单数，或在该用单数的地方误用其复数。

此外，还常考名词的所有格、名词与其他词类之间的转换等。语法填

空主要考查名词的单复数以及名词与其他词类之间的转换。

名词单句改错之真题训练：

1. We stopped to rest for a while and to drink some waters

from a stream.

climb everywhere, not only in America. We have been

to Europe many time.

are branch library in many villages.

4.I hope that you two could come and visit us some times

soon.

I visited the Smiths — my first time visit to an

American family.

6. They were eager to know everything about China and

asked me lots of question.

7. We study quite a few subject, such as maths, Chinese,

English and physics.

8. …and often watch football match on TV together.

birthday, Peter, and many happy return of the day!

10. She said that she and my schoolmate all wished me

success.

11. I used to love science class —all of them—biology,

chemistry, geography, physics.

12. They did not want me to do any work at family.

13. …so that I'll get good marks in all my subject.

the way up I was busy taking picture since the scenery

was so beautiful.

15. No one worries much about the radio program young

people listen to.

16. Their word were a great encouragement to me.

17. You know, that was a dinner we had waited for several

month."

18. …but after class we become stranger at once.

19. You can find all kinds of information in just a few minute

on the Internet.

20. Nowadays millions of people of all age take pleasure in a

hobby…

21. She was doing her homeworks one Sunday morning

when…

22. Without enough knowledges, you can never teach well.

23..The airs we breathe is getting dirtier and dirtier. 名词单句

改错之模拟训练：

1. Women live longer than men in most country.

2. The film is very interesting. I have seen it many time.

3. It's said that all the ticket have been sold out.

4. The children spend a lot of times watching TV.

5. I met a lot of interesting peoples on holiday.

6. The flower in the park were all pleasing.

7. As the day went by, she became less anxious.

8. Computer are becoming more and more popular in the

country.

9. It's one of the most interesting book that I've ever read.

10. He made his first time visit to China when he was 18.

g the news, the woman burst into tear.

12. He hasn't lived here long, but he has a great many friend

here.

13. I was afraid she would have left for family when

I got there.

14. He's getting married next month and decides to buy

some furnitures.

15. There's a paper's factory near our school.

名词单句改错之提升训练：

A级

1. From then on, we became good friend and often played

together.

2. Both Marx and Engels were Germen.

you take their advices yesterday?

4. Most of them are woman doctors.

can have funs at the seaside this weekend.

6. There are four baskets of apple in that room.

7. This computer cost me eight thousands yuan.

8. Tom looks happy today. He's got many good news from

here.

9. This hat of my father is rather old.

made many mistake in the exam because of

carelessness.

11.I went to a nearby food store to buy some breads this

morning.

12.I am eighteen year old now.

13.I have caring teachers and friendly classmate in my class.

student,I will study hard and try to pass the exam.

ys,we can get many information on the internet.

B级

1. Will you please make a room for the lady outside?

2. The number of the students in our school are increasing.

3. She has made some progresses in English.

4. His work is better than anyone else.

5. We've missed the last bus. I'm afraid we have no choices

but to take a taxi.

6. He dropped the coffee's cup and broke it.

7. He gained his wealths by printing works of famous writers.

8. My brother has had one of his tooth taken out.

9. You'll find this map of great valuable in helping you to get

round London.

a beautiful weather we are having recently!

are made of woods.

's impossible for so few workers to do so many work in

a single day.

happened to your voices?Why couldn't we hear you?

a lot of works I have to finish today!

meal times，some customerhave to wait outside the

restaurant.

a writer，he is success because he has written many

great works.

名词单句语法填空之真题训练：

u has dozens of new millionaires, Asia's biggest

building, and fancy new for tourists like me, pandas

are its top______________(attract)．

nursery team switches him every few

______________(day) with his sister.

the most important tasks first so you'll feel

a real sense of ______________(achieve)．

_____________(study) show that we are far more

productive at work if we take short breaks regularly.

ng an apple event is a good chance to see, and often

taste, a wide variety of ______________(apple)．

gh these ______________(measure) are not effective

forever, they are vital for now.

college years are supposed to be a time for

important______________(grow) in autonomy (自主性) and the

development of adult identity.

______________(life) of these people have

finally been recorded thanks to the effects of a Frenchman

from Paris called Gin.

weather ______________(effect) both good and bad, are

felt in many places.

schools will have to make ___________(adjust) in

agreement with the national soccer reform. 11.—Go and say

sorry to your Mom, Dave.

— I'd like to, but I'm afraid she won't be happy with my

______________(apologize)．

of the most effective ways to reduce

________(stressful) is to talk about feelings with someone you

trust.

he was running after his brother, the boy lost his

______________(balanced) and had a bad fall.

is no need to tell me your answer it

some______________(think) and then let me know. 15.—Why not

buy a secondhand car first if you don't have enough money for a

new one?

—That's a good _______________(suggest)．

______________(motivate) for writing was a desire for

women to get the right to higher education. 名词单句语法填空之

模拟训练：

are gathering in their winter food in the middle of

summer and make ______________(prepare) for the long cold winter.

great ______________ (satisfy)，he soon fell asleep.

's still a useful and pleasant form of

_____________ (communicate)．

4.I had no ____________(choose) but to prepare for it, though.

students with hobbies left school with many

extra_____________(skill)．

the other hand, chopsticks reflect

_____________(gentle) and kindness.

are most of the ___________(express) made with the word

hot.

ly we can encourage ourselves to work efficiently, full

of ______________(determine)．

9.I named them "cookies" because I always feel that children

can bring great happiness and

______________(excite) to my life.

________ (change) are gradual and require a lot of

efforts and work，like cleaning up a polluted river.

参考答案及解析

语法专题一：名词

名词单句改错之真题训练：

改为water，因"水"为物质名词，不可数

改为 times，many times 意为"许多次"

y 改为 libraries，因其前的谓语are为复数

改为 time，some time 意为"某时"

5.去掉time，因first 已含有"次"的意思

on 改为 questions，因其前有表示复数意义的修饰语

lots of

t 改为 subjects，因 a few 后应接复数可数名词

改为 matches

改为 returns，many happy returns of the day! 为祝贺

生日的惯用表达

mate 改为 schoolmates，因校友不只一个，另外根据

其后的 all 也可推知

改为 classes，指其后提到的所有课程

改为 home，因 at home 为固定短语

t 改为 subjects，请注意前面的 all

e 改为 pictures，picture 作为可数名词，其前应有限定

词，或为复数形式

m 改为 programs，从句意上看，此处应用复数

改为 words，注意其后的复数动词

改为 months，因 several 后要用可数名词的复数形式

er改为strangers，由本行前面的we可知应该用名词

复数

改为minutes，因为a few后面的名词一定是复数

改为ages，因谈到不止一个人的年龄，age用复数；of

all ages指各个年龄阶段的人

rks改为homework，因它是不可数名词，没有复数

形式

dges改为knowledge，因 knowledge是不可数名词，

没有复数形式

改为air，因为air是不可数名词，没有复数形式名词单句

改错之模拟训练：

y 改为 countries，因其前的most 意为"大多数"。

改为 times，many times 意为"许多次"。

3. ticket 改为 tickets，因它是可数名词，且受 all the 的修饰。

改为 time，因 time 表示"时间"时不可数。

5. peoples 改为 people，因 people 表示"人们"，本身是复数，

其后不能再加词尾-s。（注：复数的peoples 表示不同的民族）

6. flower 改为 flowers，因为其后的谓语为复数。

7. day 改为 days，句意为"随着时间的推移，她变得不那么焦急

了"，此处的 day 应用复数。

8. computer 改为 computers，根据句意和其后的谓语 are，可

知 computer 要用复数。

9. book 改为 books，因 one of 后表示范围的名词要用复数。

10. 去掉 time，his first visit 即为他第一次访问，其中已包含"次

"的概念。

11. tear 改为 tears，因 tear 为可数名词，不要误认为它是不可数

名词。

12. friend 改为 friends，因a great many 后要接复数名词。

13. family 改为 home，leave for home 意为"动身回家"。

14. furnitures 改为 furniutre，因它是不可数名词。

's 改为 paper，表示"纸厂"、"纸花"、"纸飞机"等，直接

用 paper 作定语。

名词单句改错之提升训练：

改为friends

改为Germans

s 改为advice

改为women

改为fun

改为apples

nds改为thousand

改为much

9. Father改为father's

e改为mistakes

改为bread

改为years

ate改为classmates

t前面加a

改为much

1.去掉a

改为is

sses改为progress

改为else's

s改为choice

's改为coffee

s改为wealth

8. tooth改为teeth

le改为value

10.去掉a

11. woods改为wood

改为much

改为voice

改为work

er改为customers