2024年4月10日发(作者：)

2019年12月四级真题（第3套）

Part I

Writing

(30 minutes)

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a letter to a foreign friend who wants to study in

China. Please recommend a university to him. You should write at least 120 words but no more than] 80 words

Part II

Listening Comprehension

牛寺另肵兑明

四级考试每次仅考两套听力

第三套听力试题同第

一

套或第二套试题

一

(30 minutes)

致

Part III

Section A

Reading Comprehension

(40 minutes)

Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank

from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before

making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for

each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank

more than once.

Millions of people travel by plane every匀ngleday.

If

you're pla皿ngon being one of them soon, you might

not be loo灼ngforward to the 26 feeling air travel often leaves you with

Besides the airport crowds and stress, travelling at a high altitude has real effects on the body. Although the

pressure of the cabin is 27 to prevent altitude sickness, you could still 28 sleep皿ssor a headache. The

lower oxygen pressure found in an aircraft cabin is 29 to that at 6,000-8,000 feet of altitude. A drop in oxygen

pressure can cause headaches in cert

扣

n30 . To help prevent headaches, drink plenty of water, and avoid

alcohol and coffee

Airplane food might not really be as tasteless as you 31 thought. The air you breathe in a plane dries out

your mouth and nose, which can affect your sense of taste. Perception of sweet and salty foods dropped by almost

30 percent in a simulation of air travel. However, you can make your taste buds active ag

扣

nby dri心ngwater. A

dry mouth may 32 taste sensitivity, but taste is restored by dri心ngfluids

Although证flightinfections 33 in dry environments like airplanes, your risk of ge山ngsick from an

airplane is actually low because of the air 34 used. Unless you're si山ngnext to someone who is coughing or

snee刀ng,

you shouldn't worry too much about ge山ngsick. However, bacteria have been shown to live on cabin

surfaces, so wash your hands 3 5

A)adjusted

B)channels

C)equivalent

D)expenence

E)filters

I)

particular

J

)

pr

im

ar

ily

K)reduce

L)renovated

M)smooth

N)thrive

F)

frequently

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G)individuals

H)originally

Section B

0)unpleasant

Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement

contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived.

You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by

marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2

A South Korean city designed for the future takes on a life of its own

[A]Get血garound a city is one伽ng

—

andthen there's the matter of ge山ngfrom one city to another. One

v1s10n of the perfect city of the future is a place that offers easy access to air travel. In 2011, a University of North

Carolina bu匀nessprofessor named John Kasarda published a book called Aerotropolis: The Way We'll Live Next.

Kasarda says future cities should be built intentionally around or near airports. The idea, as he has put it, is to

offer bu匀nesses"rapid, long-distance connectivity on a massive scale "

[B]"The 18th century really was a waterborne

(水运的）

century, the 19th century a rail century, the 20th

century a highway, car, truck century

—

and the 21 st century will increa匀nglybe an aviation century, as the globe

becomes increa匀nglyconnected by air," Kasarda says. Songdo, a city built from scratch in South Korea, is one of

Kasarda's prime examples. It has existed for just a few years. "From the outset, it was designed on the basis of

connectivity and competitiveness," says Kasarda. "The government built the bridge directly from the airport to the

Songdo International Bu匀nessDistrict. And the surface infrastructure was built at the same time as the new

airport

[C]Songdo is a stone's throw from South Korea's Incheon Airport, its main international hub

(枢纽）.

But it

takes a lot more than a nearby airport to be a city of the future. Just buil小nga place as an "international bu匀ness

district" doesn't mean it will become one. Park Yeon Soo conceived(构想）this city of the future back in 1986. He

considers Songdo his baby. Park sees himself as a visionary. Thirty years after he imag皿dthe city, Park's baby

is close to 70 percent built, with 36,000 people living in the bu匀nessdistrict and 90,000 residents in greater

Songdo. It's about an hour outside Seoul, built on fom

记

rtidal flats along the Yell ow Sea. There's a Coast Guard

buil小ngand a tall trade tower, as well as a park, golf course and university

[D]Chances are you've actually seen this place. Songdo appears in the most famous music video ever to

come out of South Korea. "Gangnam Style" refers to the fashionable Gangnam district in Seoul. But some of the

video was filmed in Songdo. "I don't know if you remember, there was a scene in a subway station. That was not

Gangnam. That was actually Songdo," says Jung Won Son, a professor of urban development at London's Bartlett

School of Planning. "Part of the reason to shoot there is that it's new and血e"

[E]The city was supposed to be a hub for global compa血s,with employees from all over the world. But

that's not how it has turned out. Songdo's reputation is as a futuristic ghost town. But the reality is more

complicated. A bridge with big, light-blue loops leads血othe bu匀nessdistrict. In the center of the m

扣

nroad,

there's a long line of flags of the world. On the comer, there's a Starbucks and a 7-Eleven

—

all of the血emational

brands that you see all over the world nowadays

[F]The city is not empty. There are mothers pu啦ngbaby carriages, old women with walkers

—

even in the

皿

ddleof the day, when it's 90 degrees out. Byun Young-Jin chairs the Songdo real estate association and started

selling property here when the first phase of the city opened in 2005. He says demand has boomed past

couple of years. Most of his clients are Korean. In fact, the developer says, 99 percent of the homes here are sold

to Koreans. Young families move here because the schools are great. And that's the problem: Songdo has become

a popular Korean city—more popular as a residential area than a bu匀nessone. It's not yet the futuristic

血emationalbu匀nesshub that planners imag皿d."It's a great place to live. And it's beco血nga great place to

work," says Scott Summers, vice president of Gale International, the developer of the city. The floor-to-ceiling

灼ndowsof his company's offices overlook Songdo Central Park, with a canal full of small boats and people

fi啦ring(

闪烁的）

glass towers line the canal's edge

[ G]"What's happened is that our focus on crea血gthat quality of life first has enabled the residents to live

here," Summers says. But there needs to be strong economic incentives for companies to locate here. The city is

still un伽ished, and it feels a bit like a theme park. It doesn't feel all that futuristic. There's a high-tech

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underground trash disposal system. Buildings are environmentally friendly. Everybody's television set 1s

connected to a system that streams personalized language or exercise classes

[H]But this is not Star Trek. And to some of the residents, Songdo feels hollow. "I'm, like, in prison for

weekdays. That's what we call it in the workplace," says a woman in her 20s. She doesn't want to use her name

for fear of being fired from her job. She goes back to Seoul every weekend. "I say I'm prison-brea灼ngon Friday

nights." But she has to make the prison break in her own car. There's no high-speed tr扣nconne叫ngSongdo to

Seoul, just over 20 miles away

[I]Park

Y

eon Soo, the man who first imag皿dSongdo, feels frustrated, too. He says he built South Korea a

luxury vehicle, "like Mercedes or BMW. It's a good car now. But we're waiting for a good driver to accelerate."

But there are lots of other good cars out there, too. The world is dotted with futuristic, high-tech cities trying to

attract the biggest international companies

伽ishedoffices are now occupied. Brent Ryan, who teaches urban design at MIT, says Songdo proves a universal

p门nciple."There have been a lot of utopian (鸟托邦的）cities in history. And the reason we don't know about a lot

of them is that they have v画shedentirely." In other words, when it comes to cities

—

or anything else

—

it is hard

to predict the future

3 6. Songdo's popularity lies more in its quality of life than its bu匀nessattraction

3 7. The man who conceived Songdo feels disappo血edbecause it has fallen short of his expectations

3 8 .A scene in a popular South Korean music video was shot in Songdo

still lacks the financial stimulus for bu匀nessesto set up shop there

nes will increa匀nglybecome the chief means of transportation, acco咄ngto a professor

has ended up different from the city it was supposed to be

of the people who work in Songdo compl扣nabout boredom in the workplace

43.A bu匀nessprofessor says that a future city should have easy access to血emationaltransportation

咄ngto an urban design professor, it is difficult for city designers to foresee what will happen m

the future

Y

eon Soo, who envisioned Songdo, feels a parental connection with the city

Section C

Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished

statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best

choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre

Passage One

Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.

The fifth largest city in the US passed a significant soda tax proposal that will levy (征税） I .Scents per liquid

ounce on distributors

Philadelphia 's new measure was approved by a 13 to 4 city council vote. It sets a new bar for similar

initiatives across the country. It is proof that taxes on sugary drinks can灼n substantial support outside super­

liberal areas. Until now, the only city to successfully pass and implement a soda tax was Berkeley, California, in

2014

The tax will apply to regular and diet sodas, as well as other drinks with added sugar, such as Gatorade and

iced teas. It's expected to raise $410 million over the next five years, most of which will go toward funding

a universal pre如ndergarten program for the city

[ J]

Songdo's backers contend that it's still early, and bu匀nessspace is filling up

—

about 70 percent of

-3 -

While the city council vote was met with applause inside the council room, opponents to the measure,

mcluding soda lobbyists, made sharp criticisms and a promise to challenge the tax in court

"The tax passed today unfairly匀nglesout beverages

—

including low-and no-calorie choices," said Lauren

Kane, spokeswoman for the American Beverage Association. "But most importantly, it is ag扣nstthe law. So we

will side with the majority of the people of Philadelphia who oppose this tax and take legal action to stop it "

An industry-backed anti-tax campaign has spent at least $4 million on advertisements. The ads criticized the

measure, character迈ngit as a "grocery tax "

Public health groups applauded the approved tax as a step toward fixing cert扣nlas血ghealth issues that

plague Americans. "The move to recapture a small part of the profits from an industry that pushes a product that

contributes to diabetes, obesity and heart disease in poorer commu血iesin order to reinvest in those commu血ies

will sure be inspirational to many other places," said Jim Krieger, executive director of Healthy Food America

"Indeed, we are already hea门ngfrom some of them. It's not'just Berkeley'anymore "

Similar measures in California's Albany, Oakland, San Francisco and Colorado's Boulder are beco血nghot­

button issues. Health advocacy groups have h血edthat even more might be co血ng

does the passage say about the newly-approved soda tax in Philadelphia?

A)It will change the lifestyle of many consumers

B)It may encourage other US cities to follow suit

C)It will cut soda consumption among low-income communities

D)It may influence the marke血gstrategies of the soda busmess

will the opponents probably do to respond to the soda tax proposal?

A)Barg扣nwith the city council

C)Take legal action against it

B)Refuse to pay additional tax

D)Try to灼npublic support

did the industry-backed anti-tax campaign do about the soda tax proposal?

A)It tried to arouse hostile feelings among consumers.

B) It tried to win grocers'support ag扣nstthe measure

C)It kept sen小ngletters of protest to the media.

D)It criticized the measure through advertismg

did public health groups think the soda tax would do?

A) Alert people to the risk of suga曰nduceddiseases.

C)Add to the fund for their research on diseases.

B)Help people to fix cert扣nlong-time health issues

D)Benefit low-income people across the country

do we learn about similar measures conce血ngthe soda tax in some other cities ?

A) They are beco血ngrather sensitive issues

B) They are sprea小ngpanic in the soda industry

C) They are reducing the incidence of sugar-induced diseases

D) They are ta灼ngaway a lot of profit from the sod缸ndustry

Passage Two

Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.

Popping food into the microwave for a couple of血nutes may seem utterly harmless, but Europe's stock of

these quick-coo灼ng ovens emit as much carbon as nearly 7 million cars, a new study has found. And the problem

-4 -

1s growmg. With costs falling and kitchen ap

�

liances beco血ng"status" items, owners are thro灼ngaway

microwaves after an average of eight years. This 1s pu啦ngsales of new microwaves which are expected to reach

13 5 million annually in the EU by the end of the decade

A study by the University of Manchester calculated the emissions of CO

2

—

the main gree咄ousegas

responsible for climate change

—

at every stage of microwaves, from manufacture to waste disposal. "It is

electricity consumption by microwaves that has the biggest impact on the environment," say the authors. The

authors also calculate that the emissions from u匀ng19 microwaves over a year are the same as those from u匀nga

car. Acco咄ngto the same study, efforts to reduce consumption should focus on improving consumer awareness

and behaviour. For example, consumers could use appliances in a more efficient way by adjus血gthe time of

coo灼ngto the type of food

However, David Reay, professor of carbon management, argues

that, although microwaves use a great deal

of energy, their emissions are血norcompared to those from cars. In the UK alone, there are around 30 million

cars. These cars emit more than all the microwaves in the EU. Bac灼ngthis up, recent data show that passenger

cars in the UK emitted 69 million tons of CO

2

in 2015. This is IO times the amount this new microwave oven

study estimates for annual emissions for all the microwave ovens in the EU. Further, the energy used by

microwaves is lower than any other form of coo灼 common kitchen appliances used for coo灼ng,

microwaves are the most energy efficient, followed by a stove and finally a standard oven. Thus, r函ngmicrowave

sales could be seen as a positive thing

is the fin小ngof the new study?

A) Quick-coo灼ngmicrowave ovens have become more popular

B) The frequent use of microwaves may do harm to our health

C) CO

2

emissions constitute a major threat to the environment

D) The use of microwaves emits more CO

2

than people think

are the sales of microwaves expected to rise?

A) They are beco血ngmore affordable

B) They have a shorter life cycle than other appliances

C) They are get血gmuch easier to operate

D) They take less time to cook than other appliances

recommendation does the study by the University of Manchester make?

A) Coo灼ngfood of different varieties

C)Ea血gless to cut energy consumption

does Professor David Reay try to argue?

A) There are far more emissions from cars than from microwaves

B) People should be persuaded血

OU

匀ngpassenger cars less often

C) The UK produces less CO

2

than many other countries in the EU

D) More data are needed to show whether microwaves are harmful

does Professor David Reay think of the use of microwaves?

A) It will become less popular in the co血ngdecades

B) It makes everyday coo灼ngmuch more convenient

C) It plays a positive role in environmental protection

D) It consumes more power than conventional coo灼ng

B) Improving microwave users'habits

D)U匀ngmicrowave ovens less frequently

-5 -

Part IV

．

mmutes)

Translation

(30

Directions :For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You

should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2

中国汉族人的全名由姓和名组成。中文姓名的特点是，姓总是在前，名跟在其后。千

百年来，父姓一直世代相传。然而，如今，孩子跟母亲姓并不罕见。一般来说，名有一个

或两个汉字，通常承载父母对孩子的愿望。从孩子的名字可以推断出父母希望孩子成为什

么样的人，或者期望他们过什么样的生活。父母非常重视给孩子取名，因为名字往往会伴

随孩子一生。

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