2024年4月7日发(作者：)

阅读理解(五) 人造肉+如何决定+网络真假

A [2019·门头沟二模]

The UK should start producing lab-grown meat to help solve the world’s food crisis (危机),

according to a research group. A report by the Adam Smith Institute says meat made in a laboratory

is better for the environment and would be cheaper than meat produced from farm animals.

Need for meat around the world is expected to increase by 70% by the year 2050. So could people

be eating lab-grown meat in the future? Usually animals like cows are killed to produce the meat

that people eat, but scientists have found a way to make meat in a laboratory without killing any

animals.

Animals are made up of cells (细胞). Scientists worked out how to take cells from an animal,

like a cow, and multiply (繁殖) them in a dish. In the end from one tiny cell, tens of billions

of cells can be grown. These join together to form meat.

In 2013, the first hamburger grown this way was eaten in London. It took a year to produce and

cost over ￡200,000 to make. Dr Mark Post, who created the world’s first hamburger from meat grown

in a lab, told the

BBC

it “tastes exactly the same as the meat we know”. When two food critics(评

论家) tried the burger in 2013, one said it was “close to meat” and another said it tasted like

a real hamburger. It’s not just beef that is being created; companies are also working on other

meat like turkey and chicken.

The Adam Smith Institute says moving away from the present way meat is produced would help reduce

greenhouse emissions(排放) by up to 96% and free up 99% of the land used in farming worldwide. They

also think it will reduce chances of food poisoning(中毒) because the meat is grown under such

controlled conditions. Jamie Hollywood from the Adam Smith Institute also told the

BBC

lab-grown

meat could be a lot cheaper. He says the price has gone down in five years from ￡200,000 to ￡8,

so in the future it could be even less.

main idea of Paragraph 3 is . ( )

lab-grown meat is

lab-grown meat is made

lab-grown meat tastes like

people can eat lab-grown meat

writer mentions two food critics in Paragraph 4 to show that . ( )

1

-grown meat is cheaper

n can be made in the lab

-grown meat tastes similar to animals’ meat

h people first tasted lab-grown meat

writer probably agrees that . ( )

-grown meat will cause a lot of problems

-grown meat tastes better than animals’ meat

lab-grown meat will cost too much money

-grown meat can help solve the world’s food crisis

of the following would be the best title for the passage?

lab-grown meat be the future of food?

does lab-grown meat taste like?

could people eat lab-grown meat?

is lab-grown meat and how is it made?

B [2019·东城一模]

I recently spent an evening trying to choose a cup on Amazon. Nearly an hour later, after having

read countless reviews about dozens of kinds, I felt tired and simply gave up. The next day, I happily

bought the only kind the local store offered.

Too many choices make us tired and unhappy and lead us to avoid making a decision sometimes.

Researcher Barry Schwartz calls this “choice overload”. “As the number of options(可选择的事

物) increases, the costs in time and effort of collecting the information needed to make a good

choice also increase,” writes Schwartz. “The level of certainty people have about their choice

decreases. And the possibility that they will regret their choice increases.”

Understanding how and why we make decisions can perhaps help us make better choices. We make

poorer decisions when we are tired. The mind can only deal with so many options and make so many

choices before it starts to lose energy. That’s why buys like candy bars and magazines at the

checkout(付款处) in the store can be hard to resist. We’ve used up all our good decision-making

skills.

The same goes for our workday. Making lots of decisions not only tires us, it can put us in

a bad mood. That’s why it’s important to make your most important decisions in the morning rather

than at the end of a tiring day.

2

( )

When we’re tired, we often save our energy by making choices based on a single factor(因素)

like price, rather than considering all the other factors that go into making the best decision.

Another study out of Columbia University shows that this happens when people are given a lot of

features(特点) to choose from when buying a car. After a while, people start asking for the common

option rather than carefully weighing each decision.

This can also happen when faced with a decision in your creative work. Given endless options

of which route to take, we sometimes end up going with the more usual path simply because it’s

the easier way to go. So it’s important to put limits on your options, which can develop your

creativity and help you make a better decision.

In other words, letting yourself have fewer options to choose from can help you arrive at a

more creative answer.

5. According to Barry Schwartz, the more options people have, . ( )

better choice they will make

more easily they will make a choice

happier they will feel to make a choice

more likely they will regret their choice

6. The word “resist” in Paragraph 3 probably means “ ”. ( )

n

7. When a person is tired from comparing many kinds of products, he is likely to .

( )

er the price most

a more common kind

more reviews from others

all the factors very carefully

8. The writer believes that . ( )

are unwilling to spend energy making decisions

usually take the easiest way to save their energy

d choices can help people reach a creative decision

ng more time thinking helps make better decisions

C [2019·东城二模]

3

Today’s teens have grown up online. They socialize online. They do homework online. And surely

they get their news online. But because they are so comfortable with the Internet, they seldom

question the news stories online and pass along to their friends.

Now William Colglazier, a history teacher at a high school in America, is teaching his students

how to think critically about online information and recognize a “fake(假的) news” story. His

idea came from a study on people’s online reasoning at Stanford University. The study found that

young people lack (缺少) ability to reason about the information on the Internet. Most middle school

students in the study could not tell the difference between an advertisement and a news story, and

high school and college students fully trusted the websites ending in “.org”.

The good news is that, according to Colglazier, once teens realize they’ve been duped, they

have strong will to tell truth from lies. “But they need some pointers on how to find dependable

and persuasive evidence(证据) and how to recognize when others use poor argumentation,” he said.

Some of the pointers that Colglazier offers his students include moving off the site to find more

information about the site and the writer’s motivations(动机), looking past the first page of

results in a google search and looking at the second or third page,and going beyond the “About

Us” page on a website to find out more about the organization behind the news story.

Colglazier has tips for parents as well. He says it’s a good idea for parents to be “friends”

with their kids on social media(媒体)to see what stories they are sharing. He also suggests parents

watch their teens as they search for something online and ask questions like “Why did you click

on that?” and “Do you trust this information?” Those questions can lead kids to form habits of

thinking critically about online information.

Colglazier shared some of his course with other teens in

Teen

Vogue

, a famous magazine. He hopes

more kids would take away some knowledge about thinking critically when they read news online. “The

Internet is both beautiful and ugly,” he said. “If people cannot tell real news from fake news,

the results can be frightening.”

teens read a news story online, they .

raise doubts about it

share it with their parents

y pay attention to the website

consider it as an advertisement

word “duped” in Paragraph 3 probably means “ ”. ( )

4

( )