2024年4月6日发(作者：)

考博英语-613

(总分98.5,考试时间90分钟)

Part Ⅱ Vocabulary

1. By dint of much practice, he became ______ and was able to sign his name with either hand.

A. practical B. tricky C. ambiguous D. ambidextrous

2. Henry David Thoreau used to ramble through the woods before he wrote his most famous book

Walden (1854).

A. roam B. linger C. wonder D. browse

3. His inability to learn foreign languages was a(n) obstacle to his career.

A. barrier B. excess C. carrier D. impulse

4. Because he is ______ , we cannot predict what course he will follow at any moment.

A. incoherent B. quiet C. capricious D. harmful

5. How are we going to ______ the Party's birthday?

A. celebrate B. appreciate C. concentrate D. praise

6. Some people criticize family doctors for ______ too many medicines for minor illnesses.

[A] prescribing [B] ordering [C] advising [D] delivering

7. It is the first of several agreements United States hopes to reach as it attempts to reduce, labor

costs by $5.8 billion and ______ bankruptcy.

A. dispel B. revert C. transfer D. avert

8. In the experiment we kept a watchful eye ______ the developments and recorded every detail.

[A] in [B] at [C] for [D] on

9.

10. There has been an increase in attendance at lectures ______ by the World Affairs Council,

which brings international issues to public attention.

A. developed B. sponsored C. advanced D. promoted

11. She claims to be very learned in biochemistry, but in fact ______ she knows about it is all

sadly out of date.

A. so little B. that much C. what little D. how much

12. ______ **ing Thursday, it will be too late to enroll of the course.

A. As of B. As for C. As to D. As on

13. Digging the garden with a spade is a very ______ task. I am exhausted after such two-hour's

work.

A. industrious B. manual C. conscientious D. laborious

14. The retired engineer plunked down $50,100 in cash for a midsize Mercedes as a present for his

wife—a purchase______with money made in the stock the week before.

A. paid off B. paid through C. paid out D. paid for

15. No one **e up with an easy solution to the government's predicament—labor ______ which is

caused by the wars.

[A] decline [B] vacancy [C] rarity [D] shortage

16. In the past most pilots have been men, but today the number of women ______ this field is

climbing.

A. shamming B. devoting C. registering D. pursuing

17. The school authority ______ against students' smoking both in the classrooms and at home.

A. resolved B. determined C. banned D. prohibited

18. She______his invitation to dinner as she was on a diet.

A. inclined B. declined C. denied D. disinclined

19. Mr. White brought a countercharge against you because you had______ him for smuggling

several pieces of antiques and cultural relics.

A. charged B. indicted C. accused D. prosecuted

20. No other newspaper columnist has managed as yet to rival Ann Landers' popularity in terms of

readership.

A. though B. in spite of this C. even D. so far

21. It is strictly ______ that access to confidential documents is denied to all but a few.

A. secured B. forbidden

C. regulated D. determined

22. There is a real possibility that these animals could be frightened, ______ a sudden loud noise.

A. being there B. there having been

C. there was D. should there be

23.

24. He likes to swim ______.

A. and playing football B. and he also likes playing football

C. and to play football D. and he likes to play football

25.

26. If excellent work results in frequent pay increases or promotions, the workers will have greater

______ to produce.

A. incentive B. initiative C. instruction D. instinct

27.

28. The prison guards were armed and ready to shoot if ______ in any way.

[A] incurred [B] provoked [C] poked [D] intervened

29.

30. The official was arrested for inability to ______ all his fortune he has enjoyed.

A. clarify B. intensify C. verify D. justify

Part Ⅲ Reading Comprehension

Passage One

The table before which we sit may be, as the scientist maintains, composed of dancing atoms, but

it does not reveal itself to us as anything of the kind, and it is not with dancing atoms but a solid

and motionless object that we live.

So remote is this "real" table--and most of the other "realities" with which science deals--that it

cannot be discussed in terms which have any human value, and though it may receive out purely

intellectual credence it cannot be woven into the pattern of life as it is led, in contradistinction to

life as we attempt to think about it. Vibrations in the either are so totally unlike, let us say, the

color purple that the gulf between them cannot be bridged, and they are, to all intents and purposes,

not one but two separate things of which the second and less "real" must be the most significant

for us. And just as the sensation which has led us to attribute an objective reality to a nonexistent

thing which we call "purple" is more important for human life than the conception of vibrations of

a certain frequency, so too the belief in God, however ill founded, has been more important in the

life of man than the germ theory of decay, however true the latter may he.

We may, if we like, speak of consequence, as certain mystics love to do, of the different levels

or orders of truth. We may adopt what is essentially a Platonist trick of thought and insist upon

postulating the existence of external realities which correspond to the needs and modes of human

feeling and which, so we may insist, have their being is some part of the universe unreachable by

science. But to do so is to make an unwarrantable assumption and to be guilty of the metaphysical

fallacy of failing to distinguish between a truth of feeling and that other sort of truth which is

described as a "truth of correspondence," and it is better perhaps, at least for those of us who have

grown up in an age of scientific thought, to steer clear of such confusions and to rest content with

the admission that, though the universe with which science deals is the real universe, yet we do

not and cannot have any but fleeting and imperfect contacts with it ; that the most important part

of our lives-our sensations, emotions, desires, and aspirations-takes place in a universe of illusions

which science can attenuate or destroy, but which it is powerless to enrich.

31. According to this passage, a scientist would conceive of a "table" as being ______.

A. a solid motionless object

B. certain characteristic vibrations in "ether"

C. a form fixed in space and time

D. a mass of atoms on motion

32. By "objective reality" the author means ______.

A. scientific reality

B. a phenomenon we can directly experience

C. reality colored by emotion

D. a symbolic existence

33. The author suggests that in order to bridge the puzzling schism between scientific truth and the

world of illusions, the reader should ______.

A. try to rid himself of his world of illusion

B. accept his world as being one of illusion

C. apply the scientific method

D. establish a truth of correspondence

34. The topic of this selection is ______.

A. the distortion of reality by science

B. the confusion caused by emotions

C. Platonic and contemporary views of truth

D. the place of scientific truth in our lives

35. Judging from the ideas and tone of the selection, one may reasonably guess that the author is

______.

A. a humanist B. a pantheist

C. a nuclear physicist D. a doctor

Passage Two

The multi-billion-dollar Western pop music industry is under fire. It is being blamed by the United

Nations for the dramatic rise in drug abuse worldwide. "The most worrisome development is a

culture of drag-friendliness that seems to be gaining prominence (显著), "said the UN's

13-member International Narcotics Control Board in a report released in late February 1998.

The 74-page study says that pop music, as a global industry, is by far the most influential

trend-setter for young people of most cultures. "Some lyrics advocate the smoking of marijuana

(大麻) or taking other drugs, and certain pop stars make statements and set examples as if the use

of drugs for non-medicinal purposes were a normal and acceptable part of a person's lifestyle, "the

study says.

Surprisingly, says the Board, the effect of drug-friendly pop music seems to survive despite the

occasional shock of death by overdose (过量用药). "Such incidents tend to be seen as an occasion

to mourn the loss of a role model, and not an opportunity to confront the deadly effect of

'recreational' drug use," it notes. Since the 1970s, several internationally famous singers and movie

stars-including Elvis Presley, Janice Joplin, John Belushi, Jimi Hendrix, Jonathan Melvin and

Andy Gibbs-have died of either drug abuse or drug related illnesses. With the globalization of

popular music, messages tolerating or promoting drug abuse are now reaching beyond their

countries of origin. "In most countries, the names of certain pop stars have become familiar to the

members of every household," the study says.

The UN study also blames the media for its description of certain drug issues-especially the

use of marijuana and issues of liberalization and legalization-which encourages, rather than

prevents, drug abuse. "Over the last years, we have seen how drug abuse is increasingly regarded

as being acceptable or even attractive," says Hamid Ghodse, president of the Board. "Powerful

pressure groups run political campaigns aimed at legalizing controlled drags," he says. Ghodse

also points out that all these developments have created an environment which is tolerant of or

even favorable to drug abuse and spoils international drug prevention efforts currently underway.

The present study, he says, focuses on the issue of demand reduction and prevention within an

environment that has become tolerant of drug abuse. The Board calls on governments to do their

legal and moral duties, and to act against the pro-drug messages of the youth culture to which

young people increasingly are being exposed.

36. Which of the following statements does the author tend to agree with?

A. The use of drugs for non-medicinal purposes is an acceptable part of a person's lifestyle.

B. The spreading of pop music may cause the drug abuse to go beyond the boundaries of the

country.

C. No efforts have been made to prevent the spreading of drug abuse.

D. The governments have no ability to act against the pro-drug messages of the youth

culture.

37. The italicized phrase "under fire" (Par. 1, sentence 1) means ______.

A. in an urgent situation B. facing some problems

C. being criticized D. quite popular

38. Under the influence of drug-friendly pop music, what might the youth think of the death of

some pop stars caused by overdose?

A. They tend to mourn the pop stars as role models.

B. They are shocked to know even pop stars may abuse drugs.

C. They try to confront the deadly effect of "recreational" drug use.

D. They may stop abusing the drugs.

39. Which of the following is not mentioned in the passage as a factor that has contributed to

creating an environment tolerant of or even favorable to drug abuse?

A. The spreading of pop music.

B. The media.

C. Political campaigns run by powerful pressure groups.

D. The low price of some drugs,

40. The pop music ______.

A. has a great influence on young people of most cultures