2024年4月3日发(作者：)

U1

reported years later；this new-found faculty increased the duo’s odds of

winning by 44 percent.

很多年后他透露说/承认，这个新发现的技术增加了两个人44%的胜算。

ers widely regard this invention as the first wearable computer-an

early glimpse at today’s fitness trackers smart watches, and augmented-reality

eyewear, and their possible descendants.

工程技术人员大都把这个发明视作第一代可穿戴的电脑设备——今天的健康记录仪，

智能手表，AR眼镜以及他们的诸多衍生品皆出自于此。

the impact on its wearers was profound-foretelling, perhaps, a future

when we depend on our electronic devices to experience life as much as we rely on

our eyes,ears, and skin.

然而，它对佩戴者的影响是深远的——它或许预示了这样一个未来：我们不仅依赖眼

睛、耳朵和皮肤去感知世界，还会倚重电子设备去感知生活。

are all these other, really rich dimensions of touch that touch screens

ignore-such as pressure, contact area, the shape of your hand, and whether you

use a pad, knuckle, or nail.

触摸屏忽略了很多其他形式的触感——比如压力、接触面积、手的形状，以及你是使

用指肚、指节或指甲来触屏。

seeds of such a future are already here.

由此已经可以窥见到未来的发展。

as brain-computer interfaces, or BCIs, these systems are found

mostly in research laboratories.

BCI指人机交互，像这样的系统目前主要还在实验阶段。

many researchers who work in wearable computing, the ultimate goal is

to design machines that use data from the brain and body to understand the

world in human terms.

对于许多从事可穿戴设备的研究人员来说，他们的最终目标是设计出这样一种机器，

它可以收集利用大脑和身体数据并以人类的方式去感知世界。

human and the computer possess “enormously powerful

information-processing capabilities”, wrote Edward Tufte, a data-visualization

pioneer now at Yale University, in 1989.

早在1989年，耶鲁大学的数据可视化先驱爱德华•塔夫特就曾经说过/提出：“人类和

计算机拥有“极其强大的信息处理能力。”

U2

1. With increased flexibility and ease of use, robots are at the dawn of a new

era, turning them into ubiquitous helpers to improve our quality of life by

delivering efficient services in our homes, offices, and public places.

随着灵活性和易用性的提高，机器人开启了一个新的时代。它们变成无所不在的帮手，

在我们的家庭、办公室和公共场所提供高效的服务，提高了我们的生活质量。

2. A McKinsey study in Germany predicts a shortage of 6 million skilled

laborers by 2020, and highlights a pressing requirement for an increase of

productivity.

麦肯锡在德国进行的一项研究表明，到2020年将会出现600万熟练劳动力短缺，这

凸显了提高生产率这一紧迫要求。

3. Driven by the increased security needs of European citizens and the higher

workload resulting from extended monitoring of our everyday environments,

robots already play an increasing role in the security market.

由于欧洲公众对安全的需求日益增加，并且日常环境的监控范围不断扩大带来了更高

的工作量，机器人在安全市场上的作用变得越来越重要。

4. Both unmanned and manned missions, be it in Earth orbit or interplanetary,

will be preceded or augmented by robots.

无论是在地球轨道上还是在行星际之间，无人和载人的飞行任务都将由机器人先行或

提供辅助。

5. The technologies applicable to space robotics will enable a wide range of

Earth-based exploration and material processing activities from automated

undersea inspection to mining and mineral extraction under hazardous conditions.

这项适用于太空机器人的技术将广泛应用于各种地面勘探和材料处理工作，诸如自动

海底探测以及危险条件下矿物开采等。

6. While some of these can be met, at least partially, with robotics, doing so

can have major ELS implications.

虽然机器人可以解决一小部分问题，但这样做可能会在社会、伦理和法律层面产生重

大影响。

7. In some cases ELS issues can have a greater influence on the delivery of

systems to market than the readiness level of the involved technologies.

在某些情况下，社会、伦理和法律问题对于系统的市场交付方面的影响可能大于相关

技术的就绪程度。

8. Robotic companions can attain a very high level of social pervasiveness.

机器人伴侣可以达到很高的社会普及率。

9. Robotic co-workers must be designed such that the safety of humans and

their general superior position in the control hierarchy is ensured.

与人共事的机器人必须在设计上保证人的安全和他们在控制等级中的总体优势地位。

10. This may lead to the exclusion of parts of society from the benefits of

advanced robotics.

这可能导致社会某些阶层无法享受先进的机器人技术所带来的益处。

U3

is huge uncertainty about how global gas markets will evolve, but the

extent of the value at stake makes it imperative for liquefied natural gas suppliers

and buyers to act now.

全球天然气市场将如何发展存在巨大的不确定性，但风险价值的大小使得液化天然气

供应商和买家 现在必须采取行动。

2. Unforeseen events have disrupted the gas market in the last eight years but

paradoxically lent it a degree of stability—for the time being, at least.

在过去的八年中，诸多不可预见的事件扰乱了天然气市场，但矛盾的是，天然气市场

在一定程度上保持了稳定——至少目前是这样。

$415 billion difference in potential outcomes in a single year suggests

very different prospects not only for the industry as a whole but also for different

participants, as the value gains will by no means be evenly spread.

这一年有可能多出来的4150亿美元的利润，不仅对整个行业，而且对不同的从业者

来说，都有着完全不同的意义，因为价值收益绝不是平均分配的。

4. While there is no denying the challenges that uncertainty poses in the

industry, those most likely to prosper will be the participants that understand the

uncertainties, anticipate market developments, and build robust strategies capable

of adapting to what the future holds.

尽管不可否认的是，不确定性给这个行业带来了挑战,但是只有理解这些不确定性、预

测市场发展，并且制定出能够适应未来的强劲战略才有可能在未来成为大赢家。

5. However, gas demand failed to keep pace as consumers were slow to switch

from other fuels, energy-efficiency measures offset demand growth, and exports

have not been an option, since it can take five years to build an LNG export

terminal and acquire the I necessary permits.

然而，燃气需求量不能与供应量保持同步，因为消费者不愿意改用新型燃气，节能措

施又抵消了需求增长的影响,而且出口也不可行，因为建设一个液化天然气出口终端站并获

得必要的许可可能需要5年的时间。

6. In Asia, LNG prices have been boosted by economic growth, coupled with

Japan's decision in 2011 to shut down its nuclear capacity following the Fukushima

disaster.

在亚洲市场，由于福岛核电站事故,日本政府于2011年正式决定关闭其核电站，再加

上经济的稳定增长，都导致液化气价格飞涨。

7. Finally, in Europe, an economic slowdown—combined with

energy-efficiency improvements and the availability of cheap coal—contributed to

an annual decline in gas demand of 1.6 percent between 2005 and 2012.

最后，在欧洲，由于经济放缓,加上能源效率的提高和廉价煤类的供应，导致天然气需

求在2005年至2012年间每年下降1.6%。

8. Finally, in Europe, an economic slowdown—combined with

energy-efficiency improvements and the availability of cheap coal—contributed to

an annual decline in gas demand of 1.6 percent between 2005 and 2012. This is in

marked contrast to annual growth of 2.7 percent over the previous 15 years. At the

same time, liquidity on traded gas markets rose as buyers who found they had

contracted excess capacity sought to sell it on.

最后，在欧洲，由于经济放缓,加上能源效率的提高和廉价煤类的供应，导致天然气需

求在2005年至2012年间每年下降1.6%。这与过去15年间的2.7%的年增长率形成了鲜

明对比。与此同时，那些过度采购的买方寻求转售天然气，因此天然气交易市场的交易次

数增加。

U4

the scale of a leaf, the carbon dioxide fertilization effect is

well-documented.

在叶片的尺度上，二氧化碳的施肥效应得到了充分的证明。

higher CO2, plants in greenhouses not only grow faster but also need

less water. Higher CO2 lets them cut water losses because they can take in enough

of the gas without opening their pores, or stomata, as widely.

当二氧化碳浓度增高时，温室中的植物不用打开气孔就可以吸入充足的二氧化碳，因

此高浓度的二氧化碳可以减少植物的水分流失从而促进植物的迅速生长。

s carbon fertilization was taking place, but instead of laying down

extra wood the trees might be wasting energy with a higher metabolism or putting

carbon into short-lived fruits and flowers.

也许碳施肥效应的确存在,但这些树木并没有因此而加速成长成材。相反,额外的养分都

消耗在加快的新陈代谢上面,或者消耗在短暂的开花结果中。

can do all sorts of things with their extra sugars.

有了多余的养分,树木可以干各种各样的事情。

ists studying forest plots, who have seen hints that growth is

increasing, are critical of the tree ring study.

有些科学家在研究森林样地时观测到了森林增长的迹象，对树木年轮理论提出了质疑。

the 12 tree species in the tree ring study, drawn from the seasonally dry

peripheries of the rainforest in South America, Central Africa, and Southeast Asia,

are not representative of the rainforest itself (though the species were necessary to

do the study, because many rainforest species don't have annual growth rings).

树木年轮研究中的12种从南美,中非和东南亚雨林的季节性干早边缘抽取的树种,并不

代表雨林本身（尽管这些树种是进行这项研究所必需的,因为许多森林树种没有年轮)。

oldest and biggest trees in the study—those with rings spanning 150

years一might have had extra advantages in their youth, like extra light, that

allowed them to grow more vigorously.

古老的大树,那些有500年年轮的树种,可能在早期生长时享有额外的优势, 比如更充

足的日照,从而长势更茁壮。

U5

g’s research unit announces new way to synthesize material,

potentially opening the door to commercial production.

三星的研发团队宣称,他们发现了一种合成材料的新方法,这一方法可能会打开石墨烯

商业量化生产的大门。

2. The substance, “the perfect atomic lattice” boasts a number of hugely

attractive properties, meaning it has the potential to be used in myriad industries,

and for a huge range of purposes.

这种物质有完美的原子网架结构,这一结构使其具有许多十分诱人的属性,因此石墨烯

在许多工业领域都有潜在的应用前景和广泛的用途。

3. It could be used to create ultra-light components for, say, the aviation

industry, dramatically reducing the weight of aircraft一and thus significantly

improving fuel efficiency—without compromising strength or integrity.

石墨烯可以用于制造超轻配件,例如在航天领域,石墨烯材料可以极大地减轻飞行器的

重量,因此在不削弱强度和保证完整性的前提下,显著提高燃油效率。

chers are experimenting with the substance to figure out a way

around this problem.

研究人员正通过对石墨烯的各种实验以寻求解决这一问题的方法。

this deficiency can be overcome, however, graphene could be used in a

huge range of devices as a super-fast replacement for silicon transistors, which are

already reaching their capacity.

然而一旦解决这一缺陷,石墨烯将会有更为广泛的用途,可以迅速替代开发已经达到饱

和的硅晶,成为新型导体材料。

r limitation comes in the form of its production—currently it can only

be synthesized in small crystals.

目前只能合成微型的石黑烯晶体,这是生产上的另一个局限。

ments and the private sector are actively exploring the potential of

the substance, with the EU devoting €1 billion ($1.3 billion) to it between 2013 and

2023, funding research which could potentially transform a range of sectors,

including electronics, energy, health and construction.

各国政府和私人企业正积极开发这一物质的潜在价值,在2013到2023年间,欧盟计划

投资十三亿美元作为研发基金,专门用于石墨烯的研发,此举有可能改变电子、能源、健康、

建筑等诸多领域。

8.“We expect this discovery to accelerate the commercialization of graphene,

which could unlock the next era of consumer electronic technology.”

我们希望这项发现能加速石墨烯商业化进程,从而开启民用电子科技的新纪元。

partnership with Sungkyunkwan University，the Institute has pioneered

the growing of large-area, single crystal wafer scale graphene.

该研究所与成均馆大学合作，SAIT率先开发了大面积单晶体石墨烯。

has not been revealed if Samsung plans to make the groundbreaking

synthesis process public, a move that would rapidly accelerate the adoption of

graphene into daily use.

但是三星并没有透露其是否打算将这一开创性的技术公之于众,一 旦公开,将会大大加

速石墨烯的民用发展进程。

U6

combining building automation systems with a smart building

management system,a commercial property owner can monitor hundreds of

properties at once and fine tune building performance to a degree not possible via

human capabilities alone.

通过把建筑的自动化和智能控制系统结合起来,商业业主可以同时监控上百处楼宇,并

且能对建筑性能状况进行细部调整,这在以前是很难单靠人力实现的。

technology to enable this competitive edge is already at hand.

实现这种竞争优势的技术目前已经成熟。

cost of wireless sensors has dropped below the $10-per-unit

threshold,making installation of a smart building management system much more

affordable than in the past.

无线传感器的单价已经跌破 10美元的门槛,低廉的价格使得智能管理系统相较从前更

加平民化了。

computing is another advance that makes smart building

management systems financially feasible to a degree not previously possible.

云计算技术作为另一项推动力,在经济层面把智能管理系统的可行性提高到了前所未

有的高度。

5.A smart building management system can integrate work-order

management applications；pull equipment repair and maintenance data into

performance analytics；and pinpoint equipment issues to degree otherwise not

humanly possible.

智能楼宇管理系统能够整合工作订单管理应用程序、将设备维修以及保养维护数据统

一纳入执行分析、并且精准定位设备故障,否则单凭人力无法做到这种精度。

building systems are more energy-efficient than legacy systems,but

can also reduce operational risks,improve building performance and enable more

accurate capital planning.

智能建筑管理系统相较于传统系统更加节能,而且还能降低运行风险,改善建筑性能,实

现更精确的资产规划。

dramatically,smart building management systems can prevent

full-scale building systems failures-potentially embarrassing to a Super Bowl

stadium host,but life-threatening in a hospital or laboratory.

更妙的是,智能楼宇管理系统可以避免系统发生全面瘫痪一这种事故对于"超级碗"主办

方来说可能只是尴尬,但在医院或者实验室则可能会危及生命。

Empire State Building,for example exceeded projected energy saving for

the second consecutive year following an extensive phased retrofit begun in 2009.

举例来说,养国大厦在2009年开始进行大规模分阶段改造后,其节能效果已经练续两年

超出预期。

U7

telecommunications companies fill gaps in their networks, many have

sought to camouflage the ungainly outdoor equipment Bat carries Be nation's

daily supply of calls, texts and data.

随着通信网络的不断完善,移动基站每天向全国各地传输电话、短信以及网络数据信号,

许多电信运营商想尽办法来隐藏这些其貌不扬的室外设施。

community and each neighborhood can be different, so we really have

to work on a case-by-case basis with each city and with each zoning authority.

每个社区甚至每个小区都是不同的,因此,我们必须和每座械市和区县分管局合作,因地

制宜地制定方案。

-called stealth cellphone towers,have been around for more than two

decades and appear to be growing in popularity.

所谓的隐形通讯塔已经有20多年的历史了，而且似乎越来越受欢迎。（而且这一做法

颇有日益流行的趋势）。

4. Now an Iowa church wants to join the club by building a tower in the shape

of a cross.

现在，爱荷华州的一座教堂也想通过建造一个十字架外形的通讯塔来加入其中。

1992, a BP sign at a gas station in Atlanta earned the distinction of being

the first stealth cellphone tower in the country, according to the company.

STEALTH 公司于1992年在亚特兰大的一所加油站附近设计建造了第一个隐形移动

基站,该基站伪装成了一块英国看油公司标示牌,STEALTH 公司也因此而声名鹊起。

, of Verizon, would not go into detail about the tower, although she did

say the company chooses locations that fit within a geographic radius and meet

engineering specifications.

Verizon公司的Smith女士表示,公司的选址会考虑信号覆盖并且符合设计规范,但她

并未透露关于该基站的其他细节。

constantly need more data “to do all the different multimedia

applications that are now part of their lives,” Smith said, creating continual

pressure to "add more capacity to our network to stay ahead of that demand.”

人们的生活已经离不开各种各样的多媒体应用,因此对数据流量的需求也与日俱增。这

一现状不断为移动运营商带来挑战,他们需要持续扩容以确保满足人们对网络信号的需求。