2024年4月3日发(作者：)

2021-2022

学年辽宁省营口市第二高级中学高二下学期期末考试英语试题

1.

Four of the Best Science Museums in the World

Entering a world-class museum is like opening a door to another world. Your admission ticket is a

passport to learning, culture,and fun.

California Academy of Sciences

The California Academy of Sciences in San Francisco houses an aquarium, planetarium, rainforest,

and natural history museum in one location. It’s home to a popular lecture series covering subjects

as diverse as birding and engineering for grade-schoolers. In addition, it offers nightlife events for

adults and it’s one of the museums where you can spend the night.

American Museum of National History

The American Museum of National History is famous for being the one of the best dinosaur

museums in the world, but it is so much more than that. The museum also features a butterfly

conservatory, an Alaska brown bear exhibit, and so much more. It also features a big screen for

movies and a planetarium.

Shanghai Science and Technology Museum

The Shanghai Science and Technology Museum is devoted to popularizing science and making it

more accessible. Permanent exhibits focus on the animal world, space, light, human beings and an

interactive children’s playground. In addition, there’s an Imax Theatre along with activities like

science shows and training camps.

Ontario Science Center

The Ontario Science Center in Toronto is one of the finest museums in Canada. Popular permanent

exhibits include Kidspark where children can build their own roller coaster, play musical

instruments, or blow big bubbles. Other exhibits are devoted to the human body, space, and

Canadian forests. It features an Imax Omni dome theater, planetarium, and children’s camp.

1. What is special about the California Academy of Sciences?

A

．

It has a large screen for movies.

C

．

It holds lectures for grade-schoolers at

night.

B

．

It allows adult to stay overnight.

D

．

It pays special attention to wildlife

protection.

2. Which museum will attract you most if you are interested in dinosaurs?

A

．

The Ontario Science Center.

C

．

The American Museum of National

History.

3. What do last two museums have in common?

A

．

Both house an Imax Omni threatre.

B

．

The California Academy of Sciences.

D

．

The Shanghai Science and Technology

Museum.

B

．

Both host annual exhibitions on local musical instruments.

C

．

Both are famous for thrilling roller-coaster rides.

D

．

Both are quite child-friendly.

2. Charlotte Grainger explains that it was her primary school teacher who first speculated that she

might write a novel. “I thought the height of achievement would be to write a book because it

seemed such a challenge and anyway I didn’t know what other teenagers were doing, like being in

the Olympics, for example. When I turned 13, I thought I may be as well attempt this now. Recently

I told my ex-teacher about it and she was astonished. She told me she’d meant I’d do it when I was

30 or 40. That had never occurred to me — I couldn’t understand why I’d be expected to put

something on hold that I had a chance of being good at.”

It’s a winter afternoon, in the offices of Charlette’s publishers. The public relations representative

for the book is keeping us company in case Charlotte might need defending. But she needs neither

parental nor professional support. She’s her own person: spirited, with an alert face and great

intelligence, but also a steadiness that prevents any overconfidence she could be forgiven for feeling.

She has a theory about teenagers and the way they are “betrayed” by the fiction that is specifically

aimed at them. There are, she maintains, three types of teenagers depicted in novels. “There’s the

outsider who becomes acceptable to society, the naive teenager who knows nothing about the big

wide world, and the awkward teenage character who is socially skilled. The overall impression

teenagers can get from some writers is teenagers can’t possibly know who they are because they are

not experienced enough to know the truth. And when that is being pushed onto them by writers, it

can undermine their self-belief. ”

Charlotte has always been a keen reader of famous fantasy writers, some of whom you might

suppose she’d be grateful to, but in fact they almost put her off writing entirely. “Books by my

favorite fantasy writers explore deep things about psychology and about life. I was asking myself: is

this seriously what I have to be doing to write a good book and am I really up to it?” She does,

however, praise the influence of a book called “How Not to Write a Novel. “It tells you that if the

reader starts to guess what’s going to happen, the suspense has probably gone. ”

1. Why did Charlotte write her first novel at 13?

A

．

She considered it something she might be good at.

B

．

She wanted to live up to her teacher’s expectations.

C

．

She wished to prove age was no barrier to success.

D

．

She felt it impossible to delay doing anything.

2. What does the author say about Charlotte in paragraph 2?

A

．

She needs to be more confident.

C

．

She should take more advice from others.

B

．

She is more modest than expected.

D

．

She should be allowed more

independence.

3. What does the underlined word “depicted” in paragraph 3 refer to?

A

．

Mentioned. B

．

Identified. C

．

Betrayed. D

．

Described.

4. How did Charlotte feel about those famous fantasy writers’ works?

A

．

They were too boring to read.

C

．

They nearly made her frightened of

writing.

3. Nutrient shortages might not be the result of poor diet. A study from 2004 showed that many

fruits and vegetables contain less protein, iron, calcium, and vitamin C than they did in the1950s,

though carbohydrate levels have increased over the same time length. While some researchers think

this difference is explained by farmers growing sweeter cultivar, others believe a bigger factor is at

play— Earth’s changing atmosphere.

Earth’s atmospheric carbon dioxide levels are rising. Within the next 50 years, carbon dioxide

concentrations are expected to reach 550 parts per million, which is about double the amount

measured before the mid—19th century. Farming will be greatly affected: Research shows that

raised carbon dioxide levels will affect 95 percent of plant species—including main crops, such as

wheat, rice, and potatoes by causing essential mineral levels to drop by 6 to 8 percent. Though this

decline may sound negligible, it will have far—reaching consequences for global health.

The influences of an increasingly carbon-concentrated atmosphere were first observed in

zooplankton, microscopic sea creatures that primarily feed on algae. Rising carbon dioxide levels

could also have a similar effect on land plants’ nutritional value. When they can more easily

transform sunlight into food, plants pack in a higher concentration of carbohydrates at the expense of

protein, zinc, iron, and other essential nutrients.

Will the increase of carbohydrates and consequent decrease of other nutrients in your meals make a

difference for your health? According to some evidence, yes. Nutrient-rich plants are vital for

fighting against health problems around the world, and lower levels in natural sources put

populations at risk. For instance, studies show that 150 million people may be at risk for protein

shortage by 2050, and iron shortage may affect a billion pregnant women within the same time

period.

1. What causes the nutrient shortages in food?

A

．

Poor dict. B

．

Changing

atmosphere.

C

．

Farm produce. D

．

Time length

B

．

They offered inspirations for her novel.

D

．

They taught her the skill of creating

suspense.

2. What will happen in the next 50 years?

A

．

Carbon dioxide will be double than that at present.

B

．

Carbon dioxide of plant species will increase 95%.

C

．

Plants’ mineral levels will drop by 6 to 8 percent.

D

．

Plants species will reach 550 times as much.

3. What is the influence of nutrient-less plants to people?

A

．

Lack of protein levels.

C

．

Lack of pregnant women.

4. What would be the best title for this passage?

A

．

Earth’s Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide

Level

C

．

More Food Leading to Better Health

4. Freeganism is an alternative philosophy for living, based on minimum participation in

conventional economic practices by purchasing little or no goods, whether that is housing, clothing

or even food. This philosophy comes from a very challenging idea for a consumer-oriented(

以消费

为导向的

) society. That idea is: we already have enough.

Economists can often be heard to complain on TV that “the economy grew at a slower than expected

rate last year”. But why do we care about growth so much? The economy grows when we produce

and sell more things. In a society already rich in things, how can we possibly justify making and

buying more and more? According to the freegans, our society’s simple answer to that question is to

waste what we already have by throwing it into the dustbins.

This should not be controversial to anyone familiar with marketing. Last year’s hottest mobile phone

looks old and outdated compared to this year’s model, doesn’t it? And who would wear baggy jeans

anymore when skinny jeans are so clearly in? This market phenomenon is called “perceived

obsolescence”. It relies on the idea that what is old feels inadequate or unusable, in order to

encourage people to purchase replacements for perfectly good things that they already have.

As a solution, freegan communities consciously practice habits of non-consumption. Freegan

behavior includes sharing tools, clothes or equipment between neighbors and friends, and the

radical(

过激的

) practice of “dumpster diving”, which refers to seeking out waste food thrown away

by groceries and supermarkets because of outward imperfections like a spot on the skin of an

otherwise good apple.

Although making their next meal from “rescued” food may not suit everyone, the essence of the

freegan message

－

to waste less, and to want less

－

is one worth holding on to.

1. What can be inferred from paragraph 2?

A

．

Our society practises strict economy.

B

．

Growth and waste tend to go hand in hand.

C

．

The freegans love finding faults with economists.

D

．

Producer-orientation promotes economic growth.

2. What may “perceived obsolescence” lead to ?

A

．

The change of marketing strategies(

策略

).

B

．

Climate Change and Plant Nutrient Levels

B

．

Lack of natural sources.

D

．

Lack of carbohydrates.

D

．

Natural Resources and Carbohydrate

B

．

A waste of well-functioning products.

C

．

The decline of the fashion industry.

D

．

Great advances in mobile phone technology.

3. What can we learn about freegan behavior from paragraph 4?

A

．

It requires communities to distribute goods equally.

B

．

It urges groceries and supermarkets to recycle food.

C

．

It is based on community group buying.

D

．

It ranges from the simple to extreme.

4. Which of the following may be freegans’ concept?

A

．

There is no such thing as a free lunch.

B

．

Giving sometimes produces nice results.

C

．

One man’s trash is another man’s treasure.

D

．

One’s disadvantages may prove to be advantages.

5. Sleep is clearly important for our health, helping our bodies function at their best. 1 Some new

research suggests that sleep does have positive social consequences.

Sleep helps us to be kinder to others. When we sleep poorly, the parts of our brain devoted to mercy

don't function as well. In one study, college-aged participants kept track of their sleep quality for

two weeks and then performed a task while having their brains scanned. 2

Sleep helps us approach others and avoid loneliness. It's been long known that loneliness is

associated with poor sleep. Can poor sleep lead to loneliness? In a recent study, researchers scanned

people's brains after they slept normally or had a night of sleep deprivation (

剥夺

).

3 Participants were asked to watch videos of a stranger approaching them from a distance and to

push a button when they felt the stranger was too close. 4 When participants had suffered abnormal

sleep, they wanted the person to stop at a much greater distance than they did after a night of normal

sleep, and their brains reflected a particular pattern.

5 A recent study suggests it is true. Participants who were randomly assigned (

分配

) to keep or

restrict their sleep over two days were then asked to do a difficult task while listening to very

disgusting noise bound to make them annoyed. Those who'd restricted their sleep became much

angrier during the task, compared to those who'd had normal sleep.

A

．

Sleep helps us to be less angry and aggressive.

B

．

They wanted to see how they would react to strangers.

C

．

Did the poorly slept participants report feeling lonelier?