2024年3月16日发(作者：)

圣才电子书

十万种考研考证电子书、题库视频学习平台

第五章英帝国的兴衰TheRiseandFalloftheBritishEmpire(1688-Present)

Ⅰ.Fillintheblanks.

orldWarⅡ,thefirsttwocoloniesoftheoldBritishEmpirethatbecame

freewere______and______.（首都师范大学2008研）

【答案】Jordan;India

【解析】二战后，英属殖民地中约旦和印度最先获得独立。

hpoliticalpartiesdatefromthe_____century,whenthe_____andthe_____

partiesappearedduringthetimeoftheRevolutionof1688.

【答案】17th;Whig;Tory

【解析】英国政党始于17世纪，在1688年革命时期出现了辉格党和托利党。辉格党人是

指那些反对绝对王权，支持新教徒宗教自由权利的人。托利党人是指那些支持世袭王权、不

愿去除国王的人。

gsandtheToriesoriginatedfromtheGloriousRevolutionbecame_____

inthemid-19thcentury.

【答案】theLiberalPartyandtheConservativeParty

【解析】辉格党（Whigs）和托利党（Tories）源于光荣革命。辉格党后来发展成为自由党，

托利党后来发展成为保守党。

Ⅱ.Answerthefollowingquestions.

1

/

4

圣才电子书

十万种考研考证电子书、题库视频学习平台

theIndustrialRevolutionfirsttakeplaceinBritain?

【答案】

BecauseBritainhadsomespecialconditionswhichnoothercountrycouldmatch.

Theseconditionsare:theaccumulationofcapital;thedevelopmentofcapitalistic

farming;theappearanceofalaborreserve;andtheexpansionofmarkets,domestic

andforeign.

theIndustrialRevolutionexertagreatinfluenceonbothBritishsociety

andtheworld?

【答案】

TheIndustrialRevolutionwasnotonlyatechnologicalrevolutionbutalsoagreat

tedagreatinfluenceonbothBritishsocietyandtheworld.

nto

ies

cameintobeing;populationincreased;tish

rysystem

conflictingclasseswereborn.

ldyoucontrasttheBritishLiberalandConservativepartiesbetween

1860and1890?（对外经贸大学2001研）

【答案】

2

/

4

圣才电子书

十万种考研考证电子书、题库视频学习平台

InBritain,

17thcentury,woparties

developedintotheLiberalPartyandtheConservativePartyrespectivelyinthe

etwonewpartiestookturnsinofficeuntiltheearly20th

r,the

LiberalPartyabidedbyliberalismandaskedforfreetradeaswellasfree

government,whiletheConservativePartystucktoconservatisminordertomeet

theneedsofpoliticalandeconomicdevelopment.

nandanalyzeBritain’sforeignpolicyprinciplesafterWorldWarⅡ.（北

外2009研）

【答案】

Itsforeignpolicyislargelyshapedbyitsparticipationinanumberofimportant

portanttoBritaininthedaytodayrunningofits

njoinedtheEuropeanEconomic

Communityin1973,n’sparticipationintheEU

enterofthecontroversyisthefactthatitisnotclear

asalwaysbeeninterestedin

encouragingfreetradebetweencountriesandisthereforeverysupportiveofthe

nlikestoregardtheEUasaplacewhereeconomic

cooperationispossibleandwhereaflowoftrainedpersonnelandgoodsare

tainhasalwaysbeenlessenthusiasticaboutgivingupitsnational

3

/

4

圣才电子书

十万种考研考证电子书、题库视频学习平台

sovereigntytoaEuropeangovernment.

TheBritishforeignpolicyisalsoaffectedbyitsrelationshipwiththeUnited

WorldWarTwo,thetwocountrieswerecloselyalliedandcontinued

toworktogethercloselyinthepostwaryears,becausetheyhadmanythingsin

day,BritishandAmerican

r,Britain’sspecial

Britisharebeginningtorealizethattheirownforeignpolicyactionscanbelimited

bytheUnitedStates.

What’smore,thecontemporaryforeignpolicyoftheUKisgreatlyinfluenced

sthemostimportant

eBritishlost

itsempiresorecently,BritishpolicymakersfrequentlyforgetthatBritainisnotas

ndtoretainveryconservativeand

traditionalviewsofBritain’sroleasaworldpower.

TheBritainisstilltightlytiedwiththeCommonwealth,whichwassetupasa

Britain’

sforeignaidgoestotheCommonwealthmembers.

nis

anislandstate,andthisisconsideredanimportantpsychologicalfactorwhichhas

influencedBritain’createdasenseof

psychologicalisolationinitsinhabitants.

4

/

4