2024年3月5日发(作者：)

Multiple Choice

一．骨肌系统( The Musculoskeletal System)

1. What connects bone to bone?

A. Muscles B. Joints C. Cartilage D. Tendons

2. The sternum is located in the ____________

A. Lower leg B. Upper arm C. Chest D. Shoulder

3. The “ilium”髂骨 is a bone of the __________?

A. Shoulder girdle B. Pelvis C. Spine D. Upper extremity

4. How many cervical vertebrae are there in the human spine?

A. Four B. Five C. Six D. Seven

5. Which bone “elevates” when you “shrug” your shoulders?

A. Sternum B. Humerus C. Scapula肩胛骨 D. Elbow

6. Which answer best describes the location of the fibula腓骨?

A. Hip to knee B. Knee to ankle (lateral side)

C. Knee to ankle (medial side) D. Knee cap

7. The trapezius muscle斜方肌is located

A. Lower leg B. Back C. Forearm D. Buttocks臀部

8. What is the longest, strongest bone in the body?

A. Spinal column B. Humerus肱骨 C. Femur 股骨 D. Tibia 胫骨

9. The latissimus dorsi muscle(背阔肌) is located in the ___________.

A. Stomach B. Back C. Chest D. Upper arm

10. How many lumbar vertebrae腰椎are there in the human spine?

A. Four B. Five C. Six D. Seven

11. The number of thoracic vertebrae in the spine?

A. Nine B. Ten C. Eleven D. Twelve

12. A fracture at the distal end of the radius桡骨 in the forearm with dorsal背部的and radial

displacement of the wrist and hand is _____________.

A. Baker’s fracture B. Comminuted fracture

C. Compound fracture D. Colle’s fracture

13. Spontaneous fractures are considered as ____________.

A. Traumatic fracture创伤性骨折 B. Stress fractures 压缩性骨折

C. Greenstick fractures青枝骨折 D. Pathological fractures 病理性骨折

青少年骨折的称为青枝状骨折,意思是和树枝一样可以自己长好的。

粉碎性骨折comminuted fracture

14. A metabolic disorder in which there is a high level of uric acid in the blood which often causes

painful big toes or joints in the hands. This condition mainly occurs in men, which is termed

as_________.

A. Gout B. Arthropathy C. Arthritis D. Ankylosing spondylitis

15. What is the skeletal system?

A. All the bones in the body B. All the muscles and tendons

C. All the body's organs, both soft and hard tissue

D. All the bones in the body and the tissues that connect them

16. How many bones are there in the average person’s body?

A. 33 B. 206 C. 639 D. It varies by the individual

17. Which of the following statement is INCORRECT?

A. Bone is where most blood cells are made

B. Bone serves as a storehouse for various minerals

C. Bone is dry and non-living supporting structure

D. Bone protects and supports the body and its organs

18. Which bone protects the brain?

A. Calcium钙 B. The cranium C. The cerebrum大脑 D. The cerebellum(小脑)

19. The purpose of the rib cage is to ____________.

A. protect the stomach B. protect the spinal cord

C. protect the heart and lungs D. provide an object to which the lungs can attach

20. What makes bones so strong?

A. Silica二氧化硅 B. Cartilage C. Blood and marrow D. Calcium and phosphorous

21. What is the difference between cartilage and bone?

A. Bone is rubbery, and cartilage is firm.

B. Cartilage is rubbery, and bone is firm.

C. Bone is more primitive tissue than cartilage.

D. Bone is inside the body, and cartilage is outside.

22. The hollow space in the middle of bones is filled with_______________.

A. Air B. Blood C. Bone cells D. Bone marrow

23. What is the difference between compact bone密质骨 and spongy bone松质骨?

A. They have different bone marrow.

B. They are made of different materials.

C. They have different sizes of bone cells.

D. They have different arrangement of bone cells.

24. What is a joint?

A. A hinge B. A ball and socket接口

C. The place where two bones are jointed

D. The place where tendons are fastened together

25. Muscles are made of _______________.

A. silica B. polyester threads聚酯线

C. calcium and phosphorous D. groups of cells called fibres

26. How do muscles attached to the bones move the body?

A. Automatically B. Pull movement only

C. Push movement only D. Push and pull movement

27. What is the function of a tendon?

A. To link bones to bones B. To link muscles to bones

C. To link muscles to ligaments D. To bind the cells in compact bone closer together

28. This is spongy osseous tissue which is found at the ends of long bones and also lining the

medullary marrow cavity, it is ______________.

A. epiphysis B. cortical bone C. cancellous bone(骨松质) D. sesamoid

bone

29. Surrounding the shoulder joint are four muscles collectively referred to as the __________.

A. clavical锁骨链 B. pelvis C. pectoral girdle肩胛带 D. rotator cuff(旋转袖肌)

30. The hip bone is known as the ____________.

A. ileus肠梗阻 B. ilium髂骨 C. ileum回肠 D. iliac髂骨的

31. A fully moveable joint is called a _______________joint.

A. synovial B. suture C. symphysis D. aarticular

二．消化系统 ( The Digestive System )

1. The place where digested molecules of food, water, and minerals are absorbed in

___________.

A. Small intestine B. Large intestine C. Mouth D. Appendix

2. The final portion of the large intestine is ________________.

A. Esophagus B. Rectum C. Gallbladder D. Duodenum十二指肠

3. ___________stores the liver’s digestive juices until they are needed by the intestines.

A. Pancreas B. Gallbladder C. Villi D. Small intestine

4. Ingestion is the __________.

A. chemical breakdown of any type of food molecule

B. process by which the products of digestion move from the gastrointestinal tract into the

blood or lymph

C. process of taking food into the digestive tract

D. elimination of indigestible substances from the body via the anus

5. What name is given to the finger-like projections that line the small intestine?

A. Lacteals(乳糜管) B. Intestinal fingers C. Villi 绒毛 D. Cilia纤毛

6. Which part of the digestive system is found behind the trachea?

A. Esophagus B. Stomach C. Large intestine D. Small intestine

7. Which of the following acids is secreted by the stomach?

A. Lactase乳糖酶 B. Sucrase蔗糖酶 C. Maltase麦芽糖酶 D.

Hydrochloric acid盐酸

8. What is the name given to the orifice孔through which fecal matter exists the body?

A. Pylorus幽门 B. Glottis C. Oral orifice D. Anus

9. Gallstones are usually composed of _____________.

A. uric acid B. calcium C. gall胆汁 D. cholesterol胆固醇

10. What is heartburn?

A. Reflux of esophageal contents into the mouth

B. Tooth decay

C. Reflux of stomach contents into the heart

D. Reflux of stomach contents into the esophagus

11. The hardest material produced by the body is _______________.

A. the enamel釉质that makes up the outer layer of teeth

B. cartilage C. bone D. muscle

12. From the throat, ingested fluids/liquids may pass into the ___________rather than the

esophagus.

A. palate B. trachea C. epiglottis D. calcaneus(跟骨)

13. Which of the following structures separates the mouth(oral cavity) from the nasal cavity?

A. Epiglottis B. Trachea C. Humerus D. Palate

14. The majority of all digestion and absorption occurs in the _____________.

A. Stomach B. Large intestine C. Small intestine D. Esophagus

15.

Which number indicates the transverse colon?

A. 9 B. 8 C. 20 D. 21

16. The accessory digestive organs include all of the following, EXCEPT_________.

A. Tongue B. Liver C. Pancreas D. Stomach

17. The muscles of the esophagus squeeze the food downward using the process of _________.

A. Gravity B. Peristalsis蠕动 C. Rugae皱褶 D. Chyme 食糜

18. Mechanical digestion begins in the ____________.

A. Mouth B. Stomach C. Small intestine D. Large intestine

19. Gastric juices in the stomach ____________.

A. kill bacteria B. work together to digest food

C. include hydrochloric acid盐酸 D. All of the above

20. Which of the following is an accessory organ of digestion?

A. Stomach B. Colon C. esophagus D. Pancreas

21. Which of the following is not a digestive function?

A. Mechanical processing B. Absorption C. Filtration D. Ingestion

22. What is the digestive system?

A. The body’s breathing system B. The body’s food-processing system

C. The body’s system of nerves D. The body’s blood-transporting system

23. Digestion begins in the mouth. Which of the following statement is INCORRECT?

A. The tongue aids in the digestion of the food.

B. The saliva changes some of the starches in the food to sugar.

C. The tongue keeps the food in place in the mouth while the food is being chewed.

D. The digestive juices can react more easily with the food when chewed.

24. Where does food pass through between the mouth and the stomach?

A. The gullet(食道, 咽喉,) B. The rectum C. The small intestine D. The large

intestine

26. Our throat divides into two separate tubes: the windpipe and the gullet. What prevents food

from entering the windpipe?

A. The uvula小舌 B. The tongue C. The trachea D. The epiglottis

27. What happens when food reaches the stomach?

A. Nothing. No digestion occurs in the stomach.

B. The food moves quickly into the small intestine.

C. Juices mix with the food and stomach muscles squeeze it.

D. The food is completely digested and is absorbed by tiny blood vessels in the walls of the

stomach.

28. Where does the partly-digested food(in liquid form) go after it leaves the stomach?

A. The gullet B. The appendix C. The small intestine D. The large intestine

29. Solid waste leaves the body through the rectum then the anus. Liquid waste leaves the body

after passing through the ______________.

A. kidneys and bladder B. blood vessels and lungs

C. large intestine and bowel D. small intestine and large intestine

30. Which of the following does NOT manufacture digestive juices?

A. Liver B. Kidneys C. Stomach D. Pancreas

31. The liver is located in the abdomen and performs many functions. Which of the following is

NOT a function of the liver?

A. Storing food B. Manufacturing insulin胰岛素

C. Producing digestive juices D. Healing itself when it is damaged

三．呼吸系统 ( The Respiratory System )

1. Te exchange of gases between blood and cells is called_______________.

A. pulmonary ventilation B. internal respiration

C. external respiration D. cellular respiration

2. The nose serves all the following functions EXCEPT_____________.

A. as the initiator of the cough reflex B. warming and humidify the air

C. cleansing the air D. as a passageway for air movement

3. When the diaphragm and external intercostals muscles contract, which of he following actions

does NOT occur?

A. Air moves into the lung B. The intrapleural pressure increases

C. The diaphragm moves inferiorly D. The intrapulmonary pressure decreases

4. When we inhale, ______________.

A. alveolar pressure decreases and intrapleural pressure increases

B. both alveolar pressure and intrapleural pressure increase

C. both alveolar pressure and intrapleural pressure decrease

D. alveolar pressure increases and intrapleural pressure decrease

5. During swallowing, the glottis is covered by ______________.

A. false vocal cord B. true vocal cord C. epiglottis D. Adam’s apple

6. Which of the following describes a correct order of structures in the respiratory passageways?

A. pharynx, trachea, larynx, bronchi, bronchioles

B. larynx, pharynx, trachea, bronchioles, bronchi

C. trachea, pharynx, larynx, bronchi, bronchioles

D. phyarynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles

7. The volume of air that can be exhaled after normal exhalation is the ___________.

A. tidal volume B. residual volume (残气量)

C. inspiratory reserve volume(补吸气量) D. expiratory reserve volume(补呼气量)

8. The primary chemical stimulus for breathing is the concentration of ______________.

A. carbon monoxide in the blood B. carbon dioxide in the blood

C. oxygen in the blood D. carbonic acid in the blood

9. During internal and external respiration, gases move by _______________.

A. osmosis B. active transport C. diffusion D. endocytosis

10. Respiration involves one of the following sets of processes___________.

A. Inspiration, exchange of gases, expiration

B. Aspiration吸气, inspiration吸气, expiration

C. External, internal and expiration

D. None of the above

11. Oxygenated blood from lungs is carried to heart by_____________.

A. pulmonary artery B. pulmonary vein

C. coronary vein D. pre-cavals前腔

12. Glottis is opening in the floor of ________________.

A. Diaphragm B. Bucco-pharyngeal cavity C. Trachea D. None of the above

13. A person met with an accident and died instantly without any injury to heart, brain, stomach

and kidney. One of the following reasons for his death is that _____________.

A. Intestine got twisted B. RBC红细胞became coagulated凝固

C. Stomach stopped digestion D. Diaphragm got punctured穿孔

14. Asphyxia窒息occurs due to _______________.

A. Rise in level of CO2 B. Fall in level of CO2

C. Rise of CO level D. Fall in CO level

15. Adam’s Apple corresponds to ________________.

A. epiglottis B. Trachea C. Larynx D. Thyroid

16. In human beings, rib cage and sternum move upwardly and outwardly during ____________.

A. Exercise B. Sudden back injury C. Expiration D. Inspiration

17. In mammals, the body cavity is partitioned into thoracic and abdominal parts

by____________.

A. Liver B. Lungs C. Ribs D. Diaphragm

18. Expiration involves__________________.

A. relaxation of diaphragm and intercostal muscles

B. contraction of diaphragm and intercostal muscles

C. contraction of diaphragm muscles

D. contraction of intercostal muscles

19. During inspiration, air passes into lungs due to _______________.

A. increase in volume of thoracic cavity and fall in lung pressure

B. fall in pressure inside the lungs

C. increased volume of thoracic cavity

D. muscular expansion of lungs

20. Reduction in respiratory surface of the lungs due to break down of partition in the alveoli is

known as________________.

A. Asphyxia(窒息, 昏厥) B. Bronchitis C. Asthma D. Emphysema(肺气肿)

21. The function of tracheal cilia is to _________________.

A. pass mucus out B. pass mucus in C. pass air out D. inhale air in

22. Respiratory mechanism is controlled by________________.

A. central nervous system中枢神经系统

B. sympathetic nervous system交感神经系统

C. parasympathetic nervous system D. autonomic nervous system自主神经系统/植物性神经系统

23. The greatest quantity of air that can be expired after a maximum inspiratory effort is

its___________.

A. residual volume残气量 B. tidal volume潮气量 C. vital capacity (肺活量)D. lung

volume肺体积

24. Which of the following prevents collapsing of trachea?

A. Muscles B. Diaphragm C. Ribs D. Cartilaginous rings

25. The impulse for voluntary muscles for forced breathing starts in ___________.

A. medulla(pons) B. vagus nerve C. cerebral hemispheres D. spinal cord

26. Muscles attached to diaphragm contract during inspiration to make it___________.

A. Flat B. Dome-shaped C. Concave凹形 D. Rotate

27. Which malfunction of the respiratory system is the destruction of alveolar walls?

A. Bronchitis B. Penumonia C. Emphysema D. Asthma

28. Pneumonia is the _______________.

A. Swelling of the throat B. Loss of red blood cells

C. Building up of fluids in the lungs D. Inflammation of bronchi

29. What is another name for the windpipe ?

A. Lungs B. Larynx C. Trachea D. Oesophagus

30. What happens to the windpipe, or trachea, before it reaches the lungs?

A. It branches in two directions. B. It branches in three directions.

C. It vibrates and creates sounds. D. It closes up so that no oxygen can escape.

四．循环系统 ( The Circulatory System )

1. The right side of the heart pumps the blood _______the heart _________the lungs.

A. to, from B. from, to C. to, to D. from, from

2. The heart is about the size of your ______________.

A. leg B. brain C. arm D. fist

3. The left and right sides of your heart work _____________.

A. together B. separately C. against each other D. None of the above

4. Which of the following is NOT function of white blood cells.

A. Guard against infection B. Fight parasites C. Attack bacteria D. Carry oxygen

5. How many chambers does the heart have?

A. 2 B. 3 C. 4 D. 5

6. What color are white blood cells?

A. White B. Red C. Yellow D. Colorless

7. What is another name for a T lymphocytes

t淋巴细胞?

A.T-cells B. B-cells C. Hemoglobin血红蛋白 D. Red blood cell

8. White blood cells contain a _____________, while red blood cells do not.

A. nucleus C. red color D. hemoglobin

9. What is the smallest blood vessel?

A. Arteries B. Capillaries C. Vein D. Arteriolae

10. What divides the left side of the heart from the left side?

A. Septum B. Atrium C. Ventricles D. Wall

11. What is blood clotting made possible by ?

A. Platelets B. Hemoglobin C. Lymphocytes D. Plasma

11. The heart is located near the center of your _______________.

A. Stomach B. Head C. Chest D. Back

12. What is the circulatory system ?

A. The system that helps your body breathe B. Your body’s muscles

C. Your body’s nerves D. Your body’s blood transporting system

13. What is the largest blood vessel?

A. Aorta B. Artery C. Capillary D. Veins

14. The circulatory system is composed of ______________.

A. The heart, blood, and blood vessels B. The heart, the brain, and the lungs

C. The lungs, the blood, and the blood vessels D. The brain, the heart, and the blood vessels

15. With circulation, the heart provides your body with _____________.

A. Oxygen B. Nutrients C. A way to get rid of waste D. All of the above

16. What is the main artery of the body?

A. Pulmonary vein B. Aorta C. Vena cava D. Pulmonary arch

17. The valve that lies between the right atrium and right ventricle is known as ___________.

A. Bicuspid valve B. Tricuspid valve C. Aortic semilunar valve

D. Pulmonary semilunar vale

18. What is the myocardium?

A. Heart valves B. Heart veins C. Heart arteries D. Heart muscle

19. The left ventricle pumps blood to the ______________.

A. right ventricle B. right atrium C. pulmonary vein D. aorta

20. The muscular, tubular structures that carry oxygenated blood throughout the body are

called_______________.

A. veins B. areries C. vesicles(囊, 泡) D. ventricles

21. ____________ is termed as “lung” for Latin.

A. Cardium B. Pulmonary C. Vesicle D. Vascular

22. Blood is pumped from the left atrium to the _______________.

A. right ventricle B. right atrium C. pulmonary artery D. left ventricle

23. The two main(biggest) chambers of the heart are called____________.

A. atrium B. ventricles C. veins D. arteries

24. The two uppermost(and smallest) chambers of the heart are called ____________.

A. arteries B. vesicles C. valves D. atria or atrium

25. The ONLY veins that carry oxygenated blood are called the _____________.

A. superior veins B. blue veins C. red veins D. pulmonary veins

26. Blood flows from the heart to the arteries and then from the arteries to the _____________.

A. venules (小静脉) B. arterioles C. veins D. capillaries

27. Blood returns to the heart from the capillaries via _____________.

A. arterioles, vein, vena cava B. veins, venules, vena cava

C. venules, veins, aorta D. venules小静脉, veins, vena cava

28. Pericarditis is a term describing inflammation of ______________.

A. the inside lining of heart chambers B. the tough sac surrounding the heart

C. the muscular layer of the heart D. a coronary artery

29. A physician determines that the heart murmur(abnormal heart sound) in a patient is caused

by narrowing of a heart valve passageway. The for this condition is ________________.

A. ischemia B. prolapsed C. regurgitation D. stenosis

30. The heart valve which is between the left atrium and the left ventricle is the _________.

A. tricuspid B. bicuspid C. pulmonary D. aortic