2024年2月16日发(作者：)

外文文献翻译

(含：英文原文及中文译文)

文献出处：Y Miyazaki. A Brief Description of Interior Decoration [J].

Building & Environment, 2005, 40(10):41-45.

英文原文

A Brief Description of Interior Decoration

Y Miyazaki

一、An interior design element

1 Spatial elements

The rationalization of space and giving people a sense of beauty is

the basic task of design. We must dare to explore the new image of the

times and technologies that are endowed with space. We should not stick

to the spatial image formed in the past.

2 color requirements

In addition to affecting the visual environment, indoor colors also

directly affect people's emotions and psychology. Scientific use of color is

good for work and helps health. The proper color processing can meet the

functional requirements and achieve the beauty effect. In addition to

observing the general laws of color, interior colors also vary with the

aesthetics of the times.

3 light requirements

Humans love the beauty of nature and often direct sunlight into the

interior to eliminate the sense of darkness and closure in the interior,

especially the top light and the soft diffuse light, making the interior

space more intimate and natural. The transformation of light and shadow

makes the interior richer and more colorful, giving people a variety of

feelings.

4 decorative elements

The indispensable building components such as columns, walls, and

the like in the entire indoor space are combined with the function and

need to be decorated to jointly create a perfect indoor environment. By

making full use of the texture characteristics of different decorative

materials, you can achieve a variety of interior art effects with different

styles, while also reflecting the historical and cultural characteristics of

the region.

5 furnishings

Indoor furniture, carpets, curtains, etc., are all necessities of life.

Their shapes are often furnished and most of them play a decorative role.

Practicality and decoration should be coordinated with each other, and the

functions and forms of seeking are unified and changed so that the

interior space is comfortable and full of personality.

6 green elements

Greening in interior design is an important means to improve the

indoor environment. Indoor flowering trees are planted, and the use of

greenery and small items to play a role in diffusing indoor and outdoor

environments, expanding the sense of interior space, and beautifying

spaces all play an active role.

二、The basic principles of interior design

1 interior decoration design to meet the functional requirements

The interior design is based on the purpose of creating a good indoor

space environment, so as to rationalize, comfort, and scientize the indoor

environment. It is necessary to take into account the laws of people's

activities to handle spatial relationships, spatial dimensions, and spatial

proportions; to rationally configure furnishings and furniture, and to

properly resolve indoor environments. Ventilation, lighting and lighting,

pay attention to the overall effect of indoor tone.

2 interior design to meet the spiritual requirements

The spirit of interior design is to influence people's emotions and

even influence people's will and actions. Therefore, we must study the

characteristics and laws of people's understanding; study the emotions

and will of people; and study the interaction between people and the

environment. Designers must use various theories and methods to impact

people's emotions and sublimate them to achieve the desired design effect.

If the indoor environment can highlight a certain concept and artistic

conception, then it will have a strong artistic appeal and better play its

role in spiritual function.

3 Interior design to meet modern technical requirements

The innovation of architectural space is closely related to the

innovation of structural modeling. The two should be harmonized and

unified, fully considering the image of the structural Sino-U.S. and

integrating art and technology. This requires that interior designers must

possess the necessary knowledge of the type of structure and be familiar

with and master the performance and characteristics of the structural

system. Modern interior design is in the category of modern science and

technology. To make interior design better meet the requirements of

spiritual function, we must maximize the use of the latest achievements in

modern science and technology.

4 Interior design must meet the regional characteristics and national

style requirements

Due to differences in the regions where people live, geographical

and climatic conditions, the living habits of different ethnic groups are

not the same as cultural traditions, and there are indeed great differences

in architectural styles. China is a multi-ethnic country. The differences in

the regional characteristics, national character, customs, and cultural

literacy of various ethnic groups make indoor decoration design different.

Different styles and features are required in the design. We must embody

national and regional characteristics to evoke people’s national

self-respect and self-confidence.

三、Points of interior design

The interior space is defined by the enclosure of the floor, wall, and

top surface, thus determining the size and shape of the interior space. The

purpose of interior decoration is to create a suitable and beautiful indoor

environment. The floor and walls of the interior space are the backdrop

for people and furnishings and furnishings, while the differences on the

top surface make the interior space more varied.

1 Base decoration ----- Floor decoration

The basic surface ----- is very important in people's sights. The

ground floor is in contact with people, and the line of sight is near, and it

is in a dynamic change. It is one of the important factors of interior

decoration. Meet the following principles:

2 The base should be coordinated with the overall environment to

complement each other and set off the atmosphere

From the point of view of the overall environmental effect of space,

the base should be coordinated with the ceiling and wall decoration. At

the same time, it should play a role in setting off the interior furniture and

furnishings.

3 Pay attention to the division, color and texture of the ground

pattern

Ground pattern design can be roughly divided into three situations:

The first is to emphasize the independent integrity of the pattern itself,

such as meeting rooms, using cohesive patterns to show the importance of

the meeting. The color should be coordinated with the meeting space to

achieve a quiet, focused effect; the second is to emphasize the pattern of

continuity and rhythm, with a certain degree of guidance and regularity,

and more for the hall, aisle and common space; third It emphasizes the

abstractness of the pattern, freedom, and freedom, and is often used in

irregular or layout-free spaces.

4 Meeting the needs of the ground structure, construction and

physical properties of the building

When decorating the base, attention should be paid to the structure

of the ground floor. In the premise of ensuring safety, it is convenient for

construction and construction. It cannot be a one-sided pursuit of pattern

effects, and physical properties such as moisture-proof, waterproof,

thermal insulation, and thermal insulation should be considered. need.

The bases are available in a wide variety of types, such as: wooden floors,

block floors, terrazzo floors, plastic floors, concrete floors, etc., with a

wide variety of patterns and rich colors. The design must be consistent

with the entire space environment. Complementary to achieve good

results.

四、wall decoration

In the scope of indoor vision, the vertical line of sight between the

wall and the person is in the most obvious position. At the same time, the

wall is the part that people often contact. Therefore, the decoration of the

wall is very important for the interior design. The following design

principles must be met: 1 Integrity

When decorating a wall, it is necessary to fully consider the unity

with other parts of the room, and to make the wall and the entire space a

unified whole.

2 Physical

The wall surface has a larger area in the interior space, and the status

is more important and the requirements are higher. The requirements for

sound insulation, warmth protection, fire prevention, etc. in the interior

space vary depending on the nature of the space used, such as the guest

room, high requirements. Some, while the average unit canteen, requires

a lower number.

3 Artistry

In the interior space, the decorative effect of the wall plays an

important role in rendering and beautifying the indoor environment. The

shape of the wall, the partition pattern, the texture and the interior

atmosphere are closely related to each other. In order to create the artistic

effect of the interior space, the wall The artistry of the surface itself

cannot be ignored.

The selection of wall decoration styles is determined according to

the above principles. The forms are roughly the following: plastering

decoration, veneering decoration, brushing decoration, coil decoration.

Focusing on the coil decoration here, with the development of industry,

there are more and more coils that can be used to decorate walls, such as:

plastic wallpaper, wall cloth, fiberglass cloth, artificial leather, and leather.

These materials are characterized by the use of It is widely used, flexible

and free, with a wide variety of colors, good texture, convenient

construction, moderate prices, and rich decorative effects. It is a material

that is widely used in interior design.

五、Ceiling decoration

The ceiling is an important part of the interior decoration, and it is

also the most varied and attractive interface in the interior space

decoration. It has a strong sense of perspective. Through different

treatments, the styling of lamps and lanterns can enhance the space appeal

and make the top surface rich in shape. Colorful, novel and beautiful.

1 Design principles

Pay attention to the overall environmental effects.

The ceiling, wall surface and base surface together make up the

interior space and jointly create the effects of the indoor environment.

The design should pay attention to the harmonization of the three, and

each has its own characteristics on a unified basis.

The top decoration should meet the applicable aesthetic

requirements.

In general, the effect of indoor space should be lighter and lighter.

Therefore, it is important to pay attention to the simple decoration of the

top decoration, highlight the key points, and at the same time, have a

sense of lightness and art.

The top decoration should ensure the rationality and safety of the top

structure. Cannot simply pursue styling and ignore safety

2 top design

(1) Flat roof

The roof is simple in construction, simple in appearance, and

convenient in decoration. It is suitable for classrooms, offices, exhibition

halls, etc. Its artistic appeal comes from the top shape, texture, patterns,

and the organic configuration of the lamps.

(2) Convex ceiling

This kind of roof is beautiful and colorful, with a strong sense of

three-dimensionality. It is suitable for ballrooms, restaurants, foyers, etc.

It is necessary to pay attention to the relationship between the primary

and secondary relationships and the height difference of various

concavo-convex layers. It is not appropriate to change too much and

emphasize the rhythm of rhythm and the artistry of the overall space. .

(3) Suspended ceiling

Various flaps, flat plates or other types of ceilings are hung under the

roof load-bearing structures. These ceilings are often used to meet

acoustic or lighting requirements or to pursue certain decorative effects.

They are often used in stadiums, cinemas, and so on. In recent years, this

type of roof has also been commonly used in restaurants, cafes, shops,

and other buildings to create special aesthetics and interests.

(4) Well format ceiling

It is in the form of a combined structural beam, in which the main

and secondary beams are staggered and the relationship between the wells

and beams, together with a ceiling of lamps and gypsum floral designs, is

simple and generous, with a strong sense of rhythm.

(5) Glass ceiling

The halls and middle halls of modern large-scale public buildings

are commonly used in this form, mainly addressing the needs of

large-scale lighting and indoor greening, making the indoor environment

richer in natural appeal, and adding vitality to large spaces. It is generally

in the form of a dome, a cone, and a zigzag. In short, interior decoration

design is a comprehensive discipline, involving many disciplines such as

sociology, psychology, and environmental science, and there are many

things that we need to explore and study. This article mainly elaborated

the basic principles and design methods of interior decoration design. No

matter what style belongs to the interior design door, this article gives

everyone a more in-depth understanding and comprehension of interior

design. If there are inadequacies, let the criticism correct me.

中文译文

室内装饰简述

Y Miyazaki

一 室内装饰设计要素

1 空间要素

空间的合理化并给人们以美的感受是设计基本的任务。要勇于探索时代、技术赋于 空间的新形象,不要拘泥于过去形成的空间形象。

2 色彩要求

室内色彩除对视觉环境产生影响外,还直接影响人们的情绪、心理。科学的用色有利于 工作,有助于健康。色彩处理得当既能符合功能要求又能取得美的效果。室内色彩除了 必须遵守一般的色彩规律外,还随着时代审美观的变化而有所不同。

3 光影要求

人类喜爱大自然的美景,常常把阳光直接引入室内,以消除室内的黑暗感和封闭感,特 别是顶光和柔和的散射光,使室内空间更为亲切自然。光影的变换,使室内更加丰富多 彩,给人以多种感受。

4 装饰要素

室内整体空间中不可缺少的建筑构件、如柱子、墙面等,结合功能需要加以装饰,可共 同构成完美的室内环境。充分利用不同装饰材料的质地特征,可以获得千变完化和不同 风格的室内艺术效果,同时

还能体现地区的历史文化特征。

5 陈设要素

室内家具、地毯、窗帘等,均为生活必需品,其造型往往具有陈设特征,大多数起着装 饰作用。实用和装饰二者应互相协调,求的功能和形式统一而有变化,使室内空间舒适 得体,富有个性。

6 绿化要素

室内设计中绿化以成为改善室内环境的重要手段。室内移花栽木,利用绿化和小品以沟 通室内外环境、扩大室内空间感及美化空间均起着积极作用。

二 室内装饰设计的基本原则

1 室内装饰设计要满足使用功能要求

室内设计是以创造良好的室内空间环境为宗旨,使室内环境合理化、舒适化、科学化; 要考虑人们的活动规律处理好空间关系,空间尺寸,空间比例;合理配置陈设与家具, 妥善解决室内通风,采光与照明,注意室内色调的总体效果。

2 室内装饰设计要满足精神功能要求

室内设计的精神就是要影响人们的情感,乃至影响人们的意志和行动,所以要研究人们 的认识特征和规律;研究人的情感与意志;研究人和环境的相互作用。设计者要运用各 种理论和手段去冲击影响人的情感,使其升华达到预期的设计效果。室内环境如能突出 的表明某种构思和意境,那末,它将会产生强烈的艺术感染力,更好地发挥其在精神功 能方面的作用。

3 室内装饰设计要满足现代技术要求

建筑空间的创新和结构造型的创新有着密切的联系,二者应取得协调统一,充分考虑结 构造型中美的形象,把艺术和技术融合在一起。这就要求室内设计者必须具备必要的结 构类型知识,熟悉和掌握结构体系的性能、特点。现代室内装饰设计,它置身于现代科 学技术的范畴之中,要使室内设计更好地满足精神功能的要求,就必须最大限度的利用 现代科学技术的最新成果。

4 室内装饰设计要符合地区特点与民族风格要求

由于人们所处的地区、地理气候条件的差异,各民族生活习惯与文化传统的不一样,在 建筑风格上确实存在着很大的差别。我国是多民族的国家,各个民族的地区特点、民族 性格、风俗习惯以及文化素养等因素的差异,使室内装饰设计也有所不同。设计中要有 各自不同的风格和特点。要体现民族和地区特点以唤起人们的民族自尊心和自信心。

三 室内装饰设计要点

室内空间是由地面、墙面、顶面的围合限定而成,从而确定了室内空间的大小和形状。 进行室内装饰的目的是创造适用、美观的室内环境,室内空间的地面和墙面是衬托人和 家具、陈设的背景,而顶面的差异使室内空间更富有变化。

1 基面装饰 -----楼地面装饰

基面 -----在人们的视域范围中是非常重要的,楼地面和人接触较多,视距又近,而且 处于动态变化中,是室内装饰的重要因素之一,设计

中要满足以下几个原则:

2 基面要和整体环境协调一致,取长补短,衬托气氛

从空间的总体环境效果来看, 基面要和顶棚、 墙面装饰相协调配合, 同时要和室内家具、 陈设等起到相互衬托的作用。

3 注意地面图案的分划、色彩和质地特征

地面图案设计大致可分为三种情况:第一种是强调图案本身的独立完整性,如会议室, 采用内聚性的图案,以显示会议的重要性。色彩要和会议空间相协调,取得安静、聚精 会神的效果;第二种是强调图案的连续性和韵律感,具有一定的导向性和规律性,多用 于门厅、走道及常用的空间;第三种是强调图案的抽象性,自由多变,自如活泼,常用 于不规则或布局自由的空间。

4 满足楼地面结构、施工及物理性能的需要

基面装饰时要注意楼地面的结构情况, 在保证安全的前提下, 给予构造、 施工上的方便, 不能只是片面追求图案效果, 同时要考虑如防潮、 防水、 保温、 隔热等物理性能的需要。 基面的形式各种各样,种类较多,如:木质地面、块材地面、水磨石地面、塑料地面、 水泥地面等等, 图案式样繁多, 色彩丰富, 设计时要同整个空间环境相一致, 相辅相成, 以达到良好的效果。

四 墙面装饰

室内视觉范围中,墙面和人的视线垂直,处于最为明显的地位,同时墙体是人们经常接 触的部位,所以墙面的装饰对于室内设计具有十分重要的意义,要满足以下设计原则: 1 整体性

进行墙面装饰时,要充分考虑与室内其它部位的统一,要使墙面和整个空间成为统一的 整体。

2 物理性

墙面在室内空间中面积较大,地位较主要,要求也较高,对于室内空间的隔声、保暖、 防火等的要求因其使用空间的性质不同而有所差异,如宾馆客房,要求高一些,而一般 单位食堂,要求低一些。

3 艺术性

在室内空间里,墙面的装饰效果,对渲染美化室内环境起着非常重要的作用,墙面的形 状、分划图案、质感和室内气氛有着密切的关系,为创造室内空间的艺术效果,墙面本 身的艺术性不可忽视。

墙面的装饰形式的选择要根据上述原则而定,形式大致有以下几种:抹灰装饰、贴面装 饰、涂刷装饰、卷材装饰。这里着重谈一下卷材装饰,随着工业的发展,可用来装饰墙 面的卷材越来越多,如:塑料墙纸、墙布、玻璃纤维布、人造革、皮革等,这些材料的 特点是使用面广,灵活自由,色彩品种繁多,质感良好,施工方便,价格适中,装饰效 果丰富多彩,是室内设计中大量采用的材料。

五 顶棚装饰

顶棚是室内装饰的重要组成部分,也是室内空间装饰中最富有变化,引人注目的界面, 其透视感较强,通过不同的处理,配以灯具造型能增强空间感染力,使顶面造型丰富多 彩,新颖美观。

1 设计原则

要注重整体环境效果。

顶棚、墙面、基面共同组成室内空间,共同创造室内环境效果,设计中要注意三者的协 调统一,在统一的基础上各具自身的特色。

顶面的装饰应满足适用美观的要求。

一般来讲, 室内空间效果应是下重上轻, 所以要注意顶面装饰力求简捷完整, 突出重点, 同时造型要具有轻快感和艺术感。

顶面的装饰应保证顶面结构的合理性和安全性。 不能单纯追求造型而忽视安

2 顶面设计形式

(1)平整式顶棚

这种顶棚构造简单,外观朴素大方、装饰便利,适用于教室、办公室、展览厅等,它的 艺术感染力来自顶面的形状、质地、图案及灯具的有机配置。

(2)凹凸式顶棚

这种顶棚造型华美富丽,立体感强,适用于舞厅、餐厅、门厅等,要注意各凹凸层的主 次关系和高差关系,不宜变化过多,要强调自身节奏韵律感以及整体空间的艺术性。

(3)悬吊式顶棚

在屋顶承重结构下面悬挂各种折板、平板或其它形式的吊顶,这种顶往往是为了满足声 学、照明等方面的要求或为了追求某些特殊的装饰效果,常用于体育馆、电影院等。近 年来,在餐厅、茶座、商店等建筑中也常用这种形式的顶棚,使人产生特殊的美感和情 趣。

(4)井格式顶棚

其是结合结构梁形式,主次梁交错以及井字梁的关系,配以灯具和石膏花饰图案的一种 顶棚,朴实大方,节奏感强。

(5)玻璃顶棚

现代大型公共建筑的门厅、 中厅等常用这种形式, 主要解决大空间采光及室内绿化需要, 使室内环境更富于自然情趣, 为大空间增加活力。 其形式一般有圆顶形、 锥形和折线形。 总之,室内装饰设计是一门综合性很强的学科,涉及到社会学、心理学、环境学等 多种学科,还有很多东西需要我们去探索和研究。本文主要阐述了室内装饰设计的基本 原理和设计方法,不管什么风格同属于室内设计门下,此篇文章让大家对室内设计有个 更加深入的理解和感悟,如有不足之处让批评指正。