2024年1月21日发(作者：)

中国非物质文化遗产灯英语作文600字带翻译

[lantern]

Traditional folk arts and crafts

Lanterns, also known as lanterns. Lantern is a traditional folk handicraft of Han

nationality originated in China [1]. In ancient times, its main function was lighting.

Paper or silk was used as the outer skin of the lantern, and the skeleton was usually

made of bamboo or wood strips, with candles or bulbs placed in the middle as

lighting tools. Influenced by Han culture, lanterns are also quite common items in

temples in many countries in Asian Chinese areas.

Lantern is a cultural product of the Chinese traditional agricultural era, which has

both life functions and artistic characteristics. Lantern is an important entertainment

culture of the Han nationality for thousands of years. It rewards gods and entertains

people. It not only has the function of "Nuo opera" rewarding gods, but also has the

value of entertaining people. In modern society, it is more than the Spring Festival,

Lantern Festival and other festivals, adding luster to the festival and praying for

peace.

[introduction to lanterns]

Lanterns, also known as "colorful lanterns" and "lanterns", are cultural products of

the Chinese traditional agricultural era, with both life functions and artistic

characteristics.

Lantern is an important entertainment culture of the Han nationality for thousands

of years. It rewards gods and entertains people. It not only has the function of "Nuo

opera" rewarding gods, but also has the value of entertaining people. It is the

treasure of the folk culture of the Han nationality.

Lanterns originated from Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, who set an altar in the

Imperial Palace on the 15th day of the first month of the lunar calendar to worship

the then most noble God of the sun. Because they were held all night, they had to be

lit all night, which was the beginning of the Lantern Festival; After Buddhism was

introduced into China from India, due to the combination of Taoist immortality and

Buddhism's piety of burning lanterns and worshipping Buddha, every night on the

15th day of the first month, the lights in urban and rural areas are bright, and all the

gentry and commoners hang lanterns, forming a unique custom of combining China

and the West.

Lantern Festival is a traditional Chinese Lantern Festival. At this time, all kinds of

lanterns hang high and the streets are colorful. Shengfang lanterns are mostly made

with the theme of birds, fish, insects and flowers in pavilions. It is made of dyed

paper and colorful thin strips, which is dazzling.

Historical legends

During the reign of emperor Yang of the Sui Dynasty, lantern watching activities were

very lively during the Lantern Festival. Singing at night and staying up all night, Zhang

Deng gradually developed into an important activity of the Lantern Festival.

Due to the social improvement and economic prosperity of the Tang Dynasty, the

lanterns were even more brilliant and prosperous. The scale of activities was quite

large, and the crowds of people watching lanterns were gathering, ranging from

Princes and nobles to peddlers and pawns, all went out to enjoy lanterns. Xuanzong

also continued the relaxation system of the Western Han Dynasty. Chang'an, the

capital, canceled the curfew three nights before and after the Lantern Festival, and

expanded the implementation of "night release" to facilitate people to enjoy lanterns.

Since the Tang Dynasty, lanterns have become an important symbol of the Lantern

Festival.

Although the national power of the Song Dynasty was weak, this culture was further

promoted by the royal family, making the Song Dynasty another important historical

stage of the development of lanterns. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the boom

of appreciating lanterns continued unabated, and light markets appeared in the

market, selling all kinds of lanterns with various styles and competing for show.

The custom of welcoming lanterns on the Lantern Festival of the Chinese people has

a history of more than 2000 years. There are many kinds of lanterns in all parts of the

country, with different styles and popularity. Taiwan lanterns, commonly known as

"drum lanterns", got their name because they were often shaped like gongs and

drums in early production. Popular types include walking lantern, dice lantern, round

lantern, knife switch lantern, etc. Because "Deng" in Minnan dialect is homonymous

with "Ding", it is generally regarded as a good omen for a prosperous population to

carry lanterns and make lanterns.

[lantern type]

Chinese lanterns are a comprehensive art made of a variety of techniques, crafts,

decorative skills and materials. There are a wide variety of lanterns, including dragon

lanterns, palace lanterns, gauze lanterns, basket lanterns, dragon and Phoenix

lanterns, corner lanterns, tree lanterns, fireworks lanterns, mushroom lanterns, etc.

the shapes are round, square, cylindrical, polygonal, etc.

Dragon lantern, also known as "Dragon Dance", is one of the Chinese folk lighting

and dance forms, popular in many parts of China. There is a dragon's head in front of

the dragon lantern. The number of middle sections of the body varies, but it is

generally singular. There is a stick under each section for lifting. Each section of

internal combustion candle is called "dragon lantern", and non combustion candle is

called "cloth dragon". During the dance, one person plays with the dragon with

colored beads, and the faucet rotates with the beads. Many other people hold a

section with each other, lift it up and down, flip it left and right, and cooperate with

gongs and drums, which is very spectacular.

Palace lanterns are the world-famous special hand-made lanterns in China. Palace

lanterns are often made and used by imperial palaces and officials, so they have this

name. The earliest extant palace lanterns are Ming Dynasty palace lanterns collected

in the Palace Museum. The production of palace lanterns is very complicated. They

are mainly made of carved wood, carved bamboo and carved copper, and then inlaid

with gauze, glass or horn pieces, which are painted with various auspicious and

festive themes such as mountains and rivers, flowers and birds, fish and insects,

people and so on. Top grade palace lanterns are also inlaid with emerald or white

jade. The shapes of palace lanterns are very rich, including square, hexagonal,

octagonal, round beads, flower baskets, Fang Sheng, Pisces, gourds, dish length,

mugwort leaves, glasses, rings and many other varieties, especially represented by

hexagonal palace lanterns. In 1915, the Beijing palace lantern was first sent to the

Panama world expo for exhibition, winning the gold medal and receiving

international acclaim. Later, palace lanterns gradually developed in the direction of

practicality, with various chandeliers, wall lamps, table lamps and poke lamps. Beijing

is the most famous producer of palace lanterns in China.

Walking lantern is a unique kind of ornamental lantern in the art of lanterns. Its

reputation has spread all over the world, with Guangdong walking lantern as the

best.

[lantern features]

Modern lantern art has gradually broken away from the practice of traditional

lanterns and created works of art with local unique flavor. Its creation is very difficult,

the technology is also more complex, and the materials are relatively broad and lively.

The creation of modern lanterns must integrate specialized disciplines such as

structure, mechanics, electricity, aesthetics, materials science and creativity. Among

all artistic creations, the most difficult one. However, because the annual exhibition

of the Lantern Festival can attract millions of tourists, the most attractive item in

Taiwan's tourism activities is also one of the most representative of Taiwan's art.

There are many records of the grand performances of folk songs and dances such as

tea lanterns and Dihua drums in the local chronicles of the Ming and Qing Dynasties.

There are generally two forms of performance: one is the "ugly and Dan opera

singing" with character stories, which is called Earth flower drum, bamboo horse

lantern, duet and duet lantern, etc; The second is the collective singing and dancing

of "singing with arms", which is customarily called "lighting" and "Dancing". After

long-term evolution, some of these folk song and dance forms, such as Dihua drum

and lanterns, gradually developed into Flower Drum Opera by absorbing the

procedural laws of opera; Others mostly maintain the singing and dancing

characteristics of lanterns, and imitate opera stories, which are called "Lantern

opera" and "Lantern opera". Due to the differences in natural and geographical

environments and the imbalance in the development of history, politics, economy

and culture, as well as the differences in dialects, musical materials and styles in the

regions and the influence of neighboring sister arts, all kinds of Lantern operas have

their own characteristics in the themes, vocal structures and performance

characteristics, and the historical process of development is also different.

After the lantern formed the form of singing and dancing, the artists, after years of

practice, artistically processed various movements in life and folk martial arts, and

created and developed cultural and martial lantern with different styles. Wen

Huadeng is beautiful and free and easy, and Wu Huadeng is strong and vigorous.

[lantern design]

The production of lanterns has a long history. With the changes of the times, there

are great changes in material and shape. Paper, bamboo, silk and wood are common

traditional materials, while plastic, cellophane, Are modern materials. In fact,

as long as it can transmit light, there is no limit on the production materials of

lanterns. Even fruits, waste cartons and aluminum cans can be used as materials, so

there is infinite imagination space for the change of lanterns.

In addition to being like small fireflies in the night, different shapes of lights also tell

the lantern bearer's wishes in the new year. The cute little Ding Dong and the warm

Are the new shapes of modern culture, while the traditional Chinese

zodiac is replaced with the New Year Festival. Many modern favorite new shapes

continue to appear, which can be ranked as the champion of the lantern shape and

be loved by people.

Making dragons is the most difficult and complicated among animals, because

people say, "drawing tigers and skins is difficult to draw bones." Because if you are a

character, as long as the left and right are asymmetric, it will look strange. Some

cadets of lanterns want to do this theme very much, especially when making the

statue of Avalokitesvara, the lantern master usually advises him not to do it, or make

it cartoon and simplify it. If it is done very lifelike and incorrect, it will become very

ugly.

In ancient times, bamboo was used to make lanterns. If you use iron wire, you will

find that the way of this structure is like building a house again, and you can use iron

wire to make it out with whatever you want, just like suddenly finding a way to do

whatever you want. There is a kind of feeling. The other is: a tune of iron wire can

give you any shape, and the direction of thinking is not only one direction, but also

this direction, If you want it to bulge a little, it is a little concave in this direction. A

wire can have many changes, which is equivalent to speaking with direction. It can

rotate and bend not only in all directions, but also in 360 degrees of wireless space. It

should be quite difficult to train our thinking ability.

make

Lanterns are popular as soon as the Lantern Festival comes. If you have leisure, it's

also a good idea to make lanterns by yourself. If you can't make the "big guys" sold

on the street, and you can't find any materials such as steel wire and steel plate, then

use bamboo strips, rice paper, pen and ink to make a simple paper lantern. The

materials and processes of hand-made paper lanterns are very simple, which can not

only design their own favorite patterns, but also add a lot of fun to the festival.

The first step is to make a skeleton. The relatively simple shape of paper lanterns is

cube or cylinder. It is best to use bendable bamboo branches or bamboo skins to

form a frame, and the connection place is tied tightly with thin lines. If it's hard to

find, slender cardboard and bamboo sticks for barbecue can also be used. The

firmness and flexibility will be lacking, but it's also a good decoration indoors.

Material selection

1. Put the bamboo in the steam room (or heat it for half an hour), then take it out

and put it in a cool place to dry, but it should not be too dry or exposed to strong

light.

2. Planing and cutting: planing the rough skin and cutting the length of the bamboo

strip, which depends on the size of the lantern.

Tie the skeleton

Weave the lamp frame in a cross way, and tie several circles of bamboo circles on the

lamp wall in the middle of the lamp frame.

Making lamp body

Buy a few pieces of white and red ordinary rice paper or sprinkled with gold rice

paper at the four treasures of the study shop, cut them into the length and width of

the lantern skeleton, and then you can design your own patterns. Calligraphy,

painting and paper cutting can all show their charm on small lanterns. After pasting,

you can also use narrow imitation silk paper to edge up and down, which looks more

elegant, much like ancient palace lanterns. If you are not good at painting and

calligraphy, there is a simple way for reference. Use a thin paper to trace the desired

words on the calligraphy, then overlap this thin paper with the dark red rice paper,

and dig out the handwriting with a single blade blade. Take off the tissue paper, and

the hollowed out handwriting appears on the red rice paper. Make the lamp body

with white rice paper, paste the red rice paper in it, and the candle light or light is

reflected from the hollow out. The effect is quite beautiful.

Make light source

If placed indoors, you only need to light an ordinary candle in the Lantern; If you

want to carry it out, you'd better make a simple circuit with light bulbs and batteries.

Maybe it looks a little rough, but lighting your own lantern in the Lantern Festival is

unique!

Paste

First, evenly brush the diluted paste on the surface of the skeleton, then paste the

cotton gauze, that is, gently attach the cut gauze to the lamp holder, and then brush

it with paste, and finally paste two layers of single light paper for lanterns (if there is

no single light paper, fine cotton paper can also be used.) Note that the brush that

brushes the paste must be clean, and the paper that is pasted must be pasted

without seams before the real pasting is completed.

dry by airing

Put the lanterns in a cool and ventilated place to dry.

Color painting

1. Painting or clipping: painting or clipping with the patterns you need, such as

figures, eight immortals, flowers and birds, ladies, etc.

2. Writing: after painting, decide whether to write words according to the situation.

After the words and patterns are completely dry, the lantern will be completed.译文：【花灯】

传统民俗工艺品

花灯，又名灯笼。灯笼是起源于中国的一种汉族传统民俗工艺品[1]，在古代，其主要作用是照明，由纸或者绢作为灯笼的外皮，骨架通常使用竹或木条制作，中间放上蜡烛或者灯泡，成为照明工具。受汉文化影响，在亚洲华人地区，许多国家的庙宇中，灯笼也是相当常见的物品。

花灯是中国传统农业时代的文化产物，兼具生活功能与艺术特色。花灯是汉民族数千年来重要的娱乐文化，它酬神娱人，既有“傩戏”酬神的功能，又有娱人娱乐的价值，现代社会多于春节、元宵等节日悬挂，为佳节喜日增光添彩，祈求平安。

【花灯介绍】

花灯，又名"彩灯”“灯笼”。是中国传统农业时代的文化产物，兼具生活功能与艺术特色。

花灯是汉民族数千年来重要的娱乐文化，它酬神娱人，既有“傩戏”酬神的功能，又有娱人娱乐的价值，是汉民族民俗文化的瑰宝。

花灯起源自汉武帝于农历正月十五日于皇宫设坛祭祀当时天神中最尊贵的太阳神，由于彻夜举行，必须终夜点灯照明，此为元宵节点灯的开端；在佛教自印度传入中土后，由于道教神仙术与佛教燃灯礼佛的虔诚互相结合，每到正月十五夜，城乡灯火通明，士族庶民，一律挂灯，形成一个中西合璧的独特习俗。

元宵节是中国传统的灯节。每到这时，各式花灯高悬街头五彩缤纷。胜芳花灯多以亭台禽鱼虫花卉的题材制做。以染色纸缀以各色华丽细条制成，鲜艳夺目。

历史传说

隋朝炀帝时，元宵节期间赏灯活动热闹非凡，夜夜笙歌，通宵达旦，张灯逐渐发展为元宵节的重要活动。

唐朝治世因社会升平，经济富庶，花灯更是大放异彩，盛极一时，活动规模相当浩大，观灯人潮万头攒动，上至王公贵族，下至贩夫走卒，无不出外赏灯。玄宗时亦延续西汉弛禁制度，京师长安更在元宵节前后三夜取消宵禁，扩大实施“放夜”， 方便人民赏灯，唐以后花灯便成为元宵节的重要标志。

两宋时期国势虽然积弱，此项文化因得到皇室的大力倡行而益加发扬光大，使宋朝成为花灯发展的另一重要历史阶段。明清两朝赏灯热潮未减，坊间更出现灯市，贩售各种花灯，式样繁多，争相竞秀。

中国人元宵节迎花灯的习俗至今已有二千多年的历史，全国各地种类繁多，灯式不一，各有流行。台湾花灯，俗称“鼓仔灯”，因早期制作时多形似锣鼓而得名，流行的种类有走马灯、骰子灯、圆灯、关刀灯等。由于闽南语“灯”与“丁”同音， 故一般将提灯、闹灯视为人丁旺盛的佳兆。

【花灯种类】

中国花灯是多种技法、多种工艺、多种装饰技巧、多种材料制作的综合艺术，花灯种类繁多，有龙灯、宫灯、纱灯、花篮灯、龙凤灯、棱角灯、树地灯、礼花灯、蘑菇灯等，形状有圆形、正方形、圆柱形、多角形等。

龙灯，亦称“舞龙”，是中国民间灯饰和舞蹈形式之一，流行于中国的很多地方。龙灯前有龙首，身体中间节数不等，但一般为单数，每节下面有一根棍子以便撑举。每节内燃蜡烛的就称为“龙灯”，不燃蜡烛的称为“布龙”。舞时，由一人持彩珠戏龙，龙头随珠转动，其他许多人各举一节相随，上下掀动，左右翻舞，并以锣鼓相配合，甚为壮观。

宫灯，是中国驰名世界的特种手工花灯艺品。宫灯因多为皇宫和官府制作和使用，故有此名。现存最早的宫灯是故宫博物院收藏的明朝宫灯。宫灯的制作十分复杂，主要用雕木、雕竹、镂铜作骨架，然后镶上纱绢、玻璃或牛角片，上面彩绘山水、花鸟、鱼虫、人物等各种吉祥喜庆的题材。上品宫灯还嵌有翠玉或白玉。宫灯的造型十分丰富，有四方、六方、八角、圆珠、花篮、方胜、双鱼、葫芦、盘长、艾叶、眼镜、套环等许多品种，尤以六方宫灯为代表。1915年，北京宫灯首次被送到巴拿马万国博览会展出，荣获金奖，受到国际好评。其后，宫灯逐渐向实用方向发展，出现各种吊灯、壁灯、台灯和戳灯等。中国的宫灯制作以北京最为著名。

走马灯是花灯艺术中一类独特的观赏灯种，其声誉传遍海内外，以广东走马灯为

最佳。

【花灯特点】

现代花灯艺术已经逐渐脱离传统花灯的做法，创新出具有地方独特风味的艺术品。它的创作难度很高，融入的技术也较复杂，取材也比较宽广活泼。现代花灯的创作必须融入：结构、力学、电学、美学、材料学等专门学科以及创意，所有艺术创作中，难度最高的一种。但是因为每年灯会的展出能吸引数以百万计的游客观赏，所以演变台湾各项观光活动中，最有吸引力的项目，也是最能代表台湾艺术的项目之一。

茶灯、地花鼓等民间歌舞演出的盛况，明、清两代地方志书有许多记载。其演出形式大体为两种：一是有人物故事的“丑、旦剧唱”，被称为地花鼓、竹马灯、打对子和对子花灯等；二是“联臂踏歌”的集体歌舞，习惯称为“摆灯”和“跳灯”。这些地花鼓、花灯等民歌舞形式，经过长期的演变，有的吸收戏曲的程式规律，逐渐发展成花鼓戏；有的则较多地保持着花灯的歌舞特点，搬演戏曲故事，被称为“灯戏”和“花灯戏”。由于各地自然地理环境的差异和历史、政治、经济、文化发展的不平衡，也由于流布地域的方言、音乐素材和风格以及受邻近姊妹艺术影响的不同，各种花灯戏在剧目题材、声腔结构、表演特点上，都各有特色，发展的历史过程也不尽相同。

花灯在形成了载歌载舞的形式以后，艺人们经过多年实践，将生活中的各种动作和民间武术加以艺术加工，创造和发展了风格不同的文、武花灯。文花灯秀丽洒脱，武花灯健美刚劲。

【花灯设计】

花灯的制作历史悠久，随着时代的变迁，在材质和造型上都有很大的变化。纸、竹、绸缎、木是很常见的传统素材，塑胶、玻璃纸、亚克力……等则是现代的材料。其实只要能透光，花灯的制作材料并没有限定，连水果、废弃纸盒、铝罐都可以做材料，所以花灯的变化有无限的想象空间。

一盏盏的灯除了像是黑夜里的小萤火虫，不同的造型也诉说着提灯人在新年的愿望。可爱的小叮当和温馨的维尼熊……等是现代文化的新造型，而传统的十二生肖则配合年节作替换，不断出现许多现代较喜爱的新造型，足可荣登花灯造型的排行冠军，得到人们的喜爱。

作龙是动物里面最难、最复杂的，因为人家说：“画虎、画皮，难画骨。”因为作人物的话只要左右不对称，看起来就会怪怪的。有些花灯的学员很想要做这个题材，尤其是作观世音神像的时候，花灯师父通常会劝他不要做，不然就是作卡通一点、简化一点，那如果做的很逼真又不正确的话，会变的很难看。

古时后做花灯用的是竹子，如果用铁丝来做的话会发现，这个结构的方式像再盖房子一样，而且你想要做什么都可以用铁丝把它做出来，就像突然找到一条路，想要做什么就做什么，有一种这种感觉，另外一种就是：一调铁丝可以任意的给你形状，而且思考方向不只是一个方向，可能这个方向，要它鼓一点，在这个方向的时候，它却凹一点，一条铁丝它可以有很多的变化，等于说用方向来讲话，它不只是四面八方，是三百六十度无线空间的地方它都可以去旋转、去弯折，这个来训练我们的思考能力应该是蛮不简单的。

制作

元宵一到，灯笼走俏。若有闲暇，自己动手做灯笼也是不错的主意。做不了街面上卖的那些“大块头”，找不到什么钢丝、钢板这样的材料，那就利用竹条、宣纸、笔墨做一个简简单单的纸灯笼吧。手制纸灯笼的材料和工序都十分简单，既

能设计自己喜欢的式样图案，又能使节日平添许多乐趣。

第一步，制作骨架。纸灯笼比较简单的形状是立方体或圆柱体，最好选用可以弯曲的竹枝或竹皮搭成框架，衔接的地方用细线绑紧。如果不好找，细长条状的硬纸板和烧烤用的竹签也可以，结实程度和柔韧性会有所欠缺，但摆在室内也是很不错的装潢。

选材

1、将竹子放在蒸气室内（或加热半小时），然后取出，置阴凉处晾干，但不得过分干燥，也不能放在强光下暴晒。

2、刨皮裁度：刨去粗糙的表皮，裁取竹条所需的长度，以灯笼大小而定。

扎骨架

以交叉方式编织完成灯架，灯架中间，扎数圈竹圈于灯壁上。

制作灯身

在文房四宝店买几张白色、红色的普通宣纸或者洒金宣纸，裁成符合灯笼骨架的长宽，就可以自行设计图案了。书法、绘画、剪纸，都可以在小小的灯笼上一展风采。糊好后，还可以用窄条的仿绫纸上下镶边，看起来更为雅致，很像古式的宫灯。如果不太擅长书画，有一个简单的办法可供参考。用一张薄纸在字帖上描下想要的字样，再将这张薄纸和深红色宣纸重叠在一起，用单刃刀片将字迹挖掉。拿掉薄纸，红宣纸上就出现了镂空的字迹。用白色宣纸做灯身，红宣纸糊在里面，烛光或灯光从镂空处映射出来，效果相当漂亮。

制作光源

如果放在室内，只需要在灯笼里点一根普通蜡烛；如果想提着出去，最好用灯泡和电池做一个简单电路。也许看起来有一点点粗糙，但在元宵佳节里点上一盏自己的花灯，恩~别具风味！

裱糊

先将稀释的糨糊，均匀的平刷在骨架表面，再裱糊棉纱布，即将剪好的纱布轻附在灯架上，再用刷子沾糨糊刷平，最后再粘贴二层做灯笼用的单光纸（如没有单光纸，细棉纸亦可。）注意，刷平糨糊的刷子必须干净，裱糊的纸也必须糊得没有接缝才算真正的裱糊完成。

晾干

将灯笼放在阴凉通风处晾干。

彩绘

1、彩绘或剪贴：以个人所需图案彩绘或剪贴，如人物、八仙、花鸟、仕女等。

2、书写文字：彩绘后，依情况来决定是否书写文字。等文字、图案完全干后，灯笼就大功告成。