2024年1月19日发(作者：)

U校园新视野大学英语4读写教程答案

Unit 5 Why culture counts

Section A

5-2 Text A: Speaking Chinese in America

Pre-reading activities

Pre-reading activities-1

1. I like your … (e.g. "I like your hat.") / I love

your … (e.g. "I love your shoes.")

2. When we like the way they look.

3. Thank you.

4. Japanese culture. When you compliment people on

their belongings, they feel they have to give them to

you. But in American culture, the appropriate response

is to say "thank you".

Pre-reading activities-2

1) Examples can be:

(a) n. + 很 + a. (e.g. 你的裙子很漂亮。)

(b) 我很喜欢 + n. (e.g. 我很喜欢你书房的摆设。)

2) Yes, the traditional way Chinese people respond to

a compliment is different from the American way. Rather

than saying "thank you", we Chinese tend to say

something to show that we or the object we own is not

that good. For example, we may say "哪里" (meaning "it

is nothing"). But in modern days, many people have

adopted the English way of responding to a compliment.

They say "thank you" very often too.

Reading comprehension

Reading comprehension-1

1) Because she thought her Sau-sau just pretended to

be polite. (Her Sau-sau ate up the dish in the end

although she said she didn't want it at first.)

2) They should say directly whether they want to have

anything or not, rather than refuse for the sake of

politeness even if they in fact want to eat it.

3) It said that Chinese language and culture are very

indirect and polite.

4) They thought that she was not respectful if she

questioned them.

5) Her parents were very clear when they demanded her

to do something, but Americans generally think the

Chinese language is discreet.

6) To support her opinion that to understand the

difference between languages and behavior just through

literal translation may lead to wrong generalizations.

(OR: To support her opinion that it is dangerous to view

the gulf between different languages and behavior

through translation.)

7) She feels that it is annoying because such a

description does not express new ideas, honest emotions

or considered thought.

8) They answer "yes" or "no" by saying something

specific to what is asked because there is no one word

in Chinese for "yes" or "no".

(OR: They express "yes" or "no" by referring directly

to the proposition being asserted or denied.)

Reading comprehension-2

1) I think there are three things we can do to avoid

misunderstandings of foreign cultures. Firstly, we can

look for information about those cultures on the

Internet. There are many websites that introduce

foreign countries' geography, languages and customs,

so we can do some research online to get the necessary

information. Secondly, we can visit foreign countries,

which will enable us to experience their cultures in

person and understand them better. Thirdly, we can make

friends with foreigners who are traveling or are living

in our country. Communicating with them in daily life

will help us know their customs, and hence we are less

likely to misunderstand people from their countries.

2) Yes, I know some stereotypes of Europeans and

European languages. Here are a few examples: French

people are romantic, and the French language is

beautiful; Italians are fashionable, and Italy has the

best cuisine in the world. I have watched many movies

in which French people are indeed romantic, although

I have never met any French in person. A common scene

in the movies is that a French man gives flowers to his

girlfriend or wife, or two persons meet by chance and

fall in love quickly.

No, I have never read about or heard of any stereotype

of a foreign country, its people, or its language. I

think people in different countries or cultures of the

world have more similarities than differences. For

instance, we all consider such values as honesty,

diligence and patriotism important qualities of being

a good man or a good citizen, no matter which country

we live in or what language we speak. Hence, I think

there are no essential differences between peoples or

cultures, and I don't have any stereotype of any foreign

country, its people, or its language.

3) Chinese people generally use expressions like

"possibly no" or "I'm afraid it won't work" to say "no"

to others. This makes them less direct in giving

rejections. However, when people with greater

authority or power say "no" to those in a lower status

(e.g. parents to children), they can be very direct and

straightforward, e.g. "absolutely no".

4) I will try to adapt my habits to local norms. For

example, I will follow their rules of dining, body

language and gift giving.

I would prefer to maintain Chinese traditions. Modern

people value cultural diversity, so, I think people of

the foreign country I live in will respect my choice.

5) I would like to learn Italian. This is because I love

Italian culture, especially the arts of the Italian

Renaissance period. If I could speak the Italian

language, it would be easier for me to travel to Italy,

visit its museums and appreciate famous art works. In

addition, I'm very interested in Italian opera.

Whenever I watch it on TV or hear it on the radio, I

admire the beauty of the music and the language, but

I don't understand the meaning of the lyrics. I always

wish I could know what the singers express in their

songs without having to rely on translations or

subtitles. Learning Italian will certainly get me

closer to this goal.

5-3 Text A: Language focus

Words in use

1. fabricate

2. nominal

3. temporal

4. reciprocal

5. denotes

6. consecutive

7. spectators

8. muttering

9. composite

10. malicious

Word building: Practice

Word building: Practice-1

1) assertive

2) decisive

3) digestive

4) imaginative

5) consultative

6) qualitative

7) authoritative

8) conserve

9) quantitative

10) unbutton

11) unsettle

12) unveil

Word building: Practice-2

1. conserve

2. unbuttoning

3. authoritative

4. consultative

5. imaginative

6. quantitative

7. unveil

8. assertive

9. unsettled

10. decisive

11. digestive

12. qualitative

Banked cloze

1) exterior

2) insights

3) complete

4) course

5) inconsistencies

6) offended

7) gestures

8) ornaments

9) sense

10) distinctive

Expressions in use

1. got to the point

2. are attached to

3. would have starved to death

4. If anything

5. were suspicious of

6. wandered around

7. on the side

8. was representative of

5-4 Structure analysis & writing

Structured writing: Practice

参考：I had never been more anxious in my life. This

was the first time I traveled all by myself. I did not

speak English well and had difficulty understanding

people. Now, standing at the international section of

the airport, I was nervous and scared, not knowing what

I would have to face. As it turned out, I had the most

frustrating experience of my life.

I looked around, and nothing was familiar. A pile of

questions pounded in my head. Where was the ticket

counter? Where was customs? How could I find the

boarding gate? The more I thought, the more worried I

got.

I tried to ask for help, but all my words came out wrong.

I saw a woman sitting in the corner, so I went up to

her timidly.

"Excuse, lady. Where ticket counter?" I asked in broken

English, pronouncing "ticket counter" as something

like "tin can".

"Tin can? What do you need it for?" the woman asked back,

with a confused face.

"Ticket, paper, flight," I yelled and waved my hands

in a flying manner.

She looked at me, even more confused. "Tin, flying?"

At that moment, someone across the hall waved at her.

She stood up in hurry and said, "Sorry, I can't help

you. I have to go."

I felt awful. I had been in this country for months,

and I couldn't even ask for directions.

After I finally checked in at the ticket counter,

another problem came up: I could not find customs. My

flight would take off in 40 minutes. I dragged my

enormous suitcase behind me and came to an elevator.

I had no idea which floor to go to. I got on the elevator

and pressed button 3 randomly. The elevator slowly

climbed up to the third floor and jerked to a stop. I

came out and found myself in an empty lobby.

Tears formed in my eyes as I thought I would miss my

flight. Just then an old airport employee shuffled

around the corner. Seeing that I seemed lost, he smiled

kindly and asked, "Do you need help?"

"Yes. I customs," I said. Tears rushed down my cheeks.

"Don't worry, honey. I will take you there," he

comforted me. He took my suitcase and led me up some

stairs. After arriving at customs, he led me past all

the lines of people and pushed my luggage to the

inspection counter.

When I turned around to thank him, he was gone. I never

know the wonderful man's name, but I will always

remember his generous help. I hope that one day I can

do the same for a traveler who suffers from similar

frustrations.

5-5 Translation

Translation

Translation-1

参考：文艺复兴是一场影响巨大的文化运动。它在现代欧洲史的开端时期开创了一个科学革命和艺术变革时代。它始于意大利，之后蔓延到欧洲其他国家。它紧接在中世纪之后，贯穿14至17世纪。文艺复兴时期的特点是，人们对古希腊和古罗马时期的古典知识、智慧和价值观重新焕发了兴趣。文艺复兴时期的学者在学术中采用人文方法，在艺术上追寻现实主义和人类情感。科学家们不再一味地接受教堂传播的说教。相反，他们通过观察和实验来研究自然世界。同样，艺术家们将数学和光学运用到绘画、雕塑及其他艺术形式中，从而发展出新技术，并取得了更高水平的艺术效果。文艺复兴深刻地改变了现代早期的欧洲知识界。它通过对古代文献的重新发现，触发了古典知识和整个欧洲文化的重生。文学、哲学、艺术、政治、科学及其他许多领域都能感受到它的影响。

Translation-2

参考：Chinese civilization once had a significant

influence on world civilization. With the development

of our country's economy and the rise of her

international status in recent years, Chinese culture,

which has a long history, is once again attracting

global attention. More and more Chinese cultural

elements provide inspiration for and become popular

subjects of fashions, literature and movies around the

world. This shows that the world needs Chinese culture.

It was in this context that China decided to implement

the "Culture Exporting" strategy so as to enhance her

cultural exchanges with the rest of the world. After

several years' efforts, great achievements have been

made in this respect. "Culture Exporting" has greatly

promoted the development of our cultural industries.

It is becoming an effective approach through which

China enhances her national image and comprehensive

strength.

Section B

5-6 Reading skills

Practice

1) A

2) D

3) B

4) D

5) C

5-7 Text B: Culture makes the business world go round

Reading comprehension

Reading comprehension-1

1) D

2) A

3) C

4) D

5) A

6) C

7) D

8) B

Reading comprehension-2

1) In this situation, I may write an e-mail to the

manager of that company to ask for his definite answer.

I think this will work because he may feel it's

difficult to give an answer directly in words,

especially if they are going to refuse the terms my

company proposes. However, it may be easier for him to

do it in writing. In the e-mail, I will also explain

to him that it is very important for me to know his

decision because it determines what steps my business

will take next.

2) If I were in the position of Kevin Johnston, I would

do two things differently. First of all, I would

familiarize myself with the UAE culture before my trip.

In this way, I would not feel surprised or confused by

their "unusual" hospitality after I get there. Second,

I would ask the UAE partners when would be an

appropriate time to meet and close the deal. Of course

I would not do this immediately after I arrive. I would

follow their arrangements for tours and meals, but at

some point during my stay, I would certainly bring up

the topic and do my job.

3) In my view, there are three things for Americans to

know if they want to do business successfully in China.

One is how to behave properly at the dining table.

Chinese people consider dining as an important way to

build business relationships, so I will talk about

important things about Chinese table manners that

Americans need to pay attention to. The second is how

to use business cards in China. Americans use business

cards too, but they do not have as many rules as us when

handling them to others or accepting them from others.

Since exchanging business cards is a common activity

in social communication, it's necessary for Americans

to know the correct way of doing it. Lastly, I will tell

them some differences in body language between China

and the West. For example, we hug much less than

Americans in social settings. In a word, I think

Americans need to have some knowledge of Chinese dining

manners, rules of exchanging business cards and body

language if they want to do business successfully in

our country.

4) Like in other Asian countries such as Japan and South

Korea, relationship building and face saving are

crucial for doing business in China. Relationship is

important because Chinese people tend to give

opportunities to people they know or have a

"relationship" with. They feel they can trust a

familiar person more than a stranger. Saving face is

the rule that governs people's language and behavior

everywhere. For example, a manager generally avoids

criticizing an employee's work face to face.

5) I may want to do business in a European country in

the future, for example France or Italy. Cultures there

are very different from Chinese culture, so I certainly

need to do something to get familiar with their customs

of doing business. I plan to do this by three means.

First, I will live with a local family so that I can

learn how to interact with people properly in daily

settings. Second, I will take some private lessons to

study their language and business manners. And finally,

I will search online to find information on the culture,

especially business etiquette, of those two countries.

5-8 Text B: Language focus

Words in use

1. refund

2. friction,frictions

3. mute

4. detained

5. extract

6. compiles

7. convertibles

8. mediated

9. tactful

10. cohesion

Expressions in use

1) lags behind

2) put in charge of

3) take a

4) approach to

5) singled out

6) headed for

7) incorporated into

8) divert

9) to

10) has had an impact on

Sentence structure

Sentence structure-1

1) Had they known about his background better, they

would not have hired him to work on such an important

project.

2) Had the weather been good, we could have stayed

overnight at the top of the mountain and enjoyed the

magnificent view of the sunrise.

3) Were I to do it over again, I would paint the fence

brown to make it match the color of the neighbor's.

Sentence structure-2

1. why import a large amount from somewhere else every

year?

2. why a time-consuming and expensive flight trip to

attend the conference?

3. Why at a crowded bar so far from home?

5-9 Collocation

Practice

Practice-1

1) B

2) E

3) A

4) D

5) F

6) C

Practice-2

1) culturally

2) remained

3) carefully

4) freely

5) interwoven

6) trusting

7) highly

8) deeply

9) cross-cultural

10) prospective

11) management

12) cultural